Reimplement the archived UI widget stack on the new element-tree system

The old widget system (archive/dusk/ui/) depended on infrastructure this rewrite deleted -- a static X-macro element list, a 9-slice UI_FRAME, and a global gamepad/keyboard focus stack -- so everything below is rebuilt on top of the new native uielement_t pool + parent/child tree instead, gamepad/keyboard-only (no mouse support exists in the input system). New JS widgets (assets/scripts/), all pure composites of Label/Rectangle following the Button.js pattern: Checkbox, Tab, Slider, Dropdown. Slider/ Dropdown expose a directionInput(dx, dy) hook so a menu can hand them LEFT/RIGHT before falling back to cursor movement. New Menu.js replaces the old global uifocus_t stack: a small push/pop stack of Menu instances where only the topmost consumes CANCEL/ACCEPT/ direction input each tick (needed for nested modals -- a Settings sub-page menu plus a "discard changes?" Confirm can be open at once). Held-direction repeat timing matches the old 0.5s delay / 0.1s repeat. New overlay composites (added via a new UI.addOverlay()/UI.removeOverlay(), always drawn/updated after normal roots): FpsCounter, ConsoleOverlay (one Label per console history line, driven directly rather than via add() since History (16) exceeds the 8-children-per-element cap), Crop (letterbox/pillarbox bars), and Fullbox (a reusable tweened full-screen fade covering both the old fullbox and transition effects -- reuses shared instances rather than allocate-and-dispose, since disposing an element from inside its own render() callback risks the same JerryScript refcount corruption hit earlier in this rewrite). New Confirm.js (Yes/No dialog) and Settings.js (+ SettingsGeneral/ SettingsInput sub-pages) built on Menu. Display/Audio settings pages are intentionally not ported -- neither had a real backing engine system even in the old code. Frame is a flat Rectangle for now, not real 9-slice (a genuinely bigger native lift, deliberately deferred). Small native binding additions needed by the above, each with its own unit test: Time.renderDelta, Console.lineCount/getLine/visible/ consumeDirty, a new Screen module, a new Locale module, Input.deadzone, a new Save module, and Label.color (was missing entirely). Also fixes a real gap from the UI.addOverlay() work: uiElementDispose() wasn't removing disposed elements from the new overlay root array, which would have left dangling ids behind. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Rebuild UI as a scriptable element tree, archive the old system
2026-08-14 09:05:11 -05:00 · 2026-08-13 11:13:23 -05:00 · 2026-08-11 23:33:29 -05:00 · 2026-08-11 16:03:32 -05:00 · 2026-08-11 14:34:51 -05:00 · 2026-08-11 13:11:22 -05:00
750 changed files with 41253 additions and 8602 deletions
@@ -4,36 +4,6 @@ on:
    tags:
      - '*'
 jobs:
-  run-tests:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y \
-            build-essential \
-            cmake \
-            python3 \
-            python3-pip \
-            python3-polib \
-            python3-pil \
-            libsdl2-dev \
-            libgl1-mesa-dev \
-            libzip-dev \
-            python3-dotenv \
-            python3-pyqt5 \
-            python3-opengl \
-            xz-utils \
-            liblzma-dev \
-            libbz2-dev \
-            zlib1g-dev \
-            git \
-            libssl-dev
-      - name: Run tests
-        run: ./scripts/test-linux.sh
-
  build-linux:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+name: Test Dusk
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - main
+jobs:
+  run-tests:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y \
+            build-essential \
+            cmake \
+            python3 \
+            python3-pip \
+            python3-polib \
+            python3-pil \
+            libsdl2-dev \
+            libgl1-mesa-dev \
+            libzip-dev \
+            python3-dotenv \
+            python3-pyqt5 \
+            python3-opengl \
+            xz-utils \
+            liblzma-dev \
+            libbz2-dev \
+            zlib1g-dev \
+            git \
+            libssl-dev
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: ./scripts/test-linux.sh
+
+  # Emulator smoke tests: boot the built disc/EBOOT for a fixed window and
+  # confirm the emulator doesn't crash. Not yet verified against a real
+  # runner (no CI run has exercised these) -- continue-on-error so a
+  # flaky/broken emulator step doesn't block the required Linux test job.
+  run-tests-gamecube-dolphin:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/extremscorner/libogc2:latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Node.js
+        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt-get install -y \
+            python3-pip python3-polib python3-pil \
+            python3-dotenv python3-pyqt5 python3-opengl xorriso \
+            dolphin-emu xvfb
+          dkp-pacman -Syu --noconfirm
+          dkp-pacman -S --needed --noconfirm \
+            gamecube-sdl2 ppc-liblzma ppc-libzip \
+            gamecube-tools ppc-libmad ppc-zlib-ng ppc-bzip2 ppc-zstd
+      - name: Build GameCube ISO and boot it in Dolphin
+        run: ./scripts/test-gamecube-dolphin.sh
+
+  run-tests-wii-dolphin:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/extremscorner/libogc2:latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Node.js
+        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt-get install -y \
+            python3-pip python3-polib python3-pil \
+            python3-dotenv python3-pyqt5 python3-opengl xorriso \
+            dolphin-emu xvfb
+          dkp-pacman -Syu --noconfirm
+          dkp-pacman -S --needed --noconfirm \
+            gamecube-sdl2 ppc-liblzma ppc-libzip \
+            gamecube-tools ppc-libmad ppc-zlib-ng ppc-bzip2 ppc-zstd
+      - name: Build Wii ISO and boot it in Dolphin
+        run: ./scripts/test-wii-dolphin.sh
+
+  run-tests-psp-ppsspp:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup pspdev
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-pspdev
+      - name: Install PPSSPPHeadless build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y git cmake ninja-build libsdl2-dev zlib1g-dev
+      - name: Build PPSSPPHeadless
+        run: |
+          git clone --recursive --depth 1 https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp.git /tmp/ppsspp
+          cmake -S /tmp/ppsspp -B /tmp/ppsspp/build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+          cmake --build /tmp/ppsspp/build --target PPSSPPHeadless -- -j$(nproc)
+          echo "PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN=/tmp/ppsspp/build/PPSSPPHeadless" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Build PSP EBOOT and boot it in PPSSPPHeadless
+        run: ./scripts/test-psp-ppsspp.sh
@@ -1,432 +0,0 @@
-# Dusk — Claude Code rules
-
-## File headers
-Every C, H, and JS file starts with:
-
-```c
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
- *
- * This software is released under the MIT License.
- * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
- */
-```
-
-JS files use `//` comment style instead.
-
---
-
-## C conventions
-
-### Types
-Always use the project-defined aliases instead of bare C primitives:
-
-| Use       | Not          |
-|-----------|--------------|
-| `bool_t`  | `bool`       |
-| `int_t`   | `int`        |
-| `float_t` | `float`      |
-| `char_t`  | `char`       |
-
-Use `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `int32_t`, etc. for fixed-width integers.
-All struct and enum types end in `_t` (`animation_t`, `errorret_t`, …).
-
-### Naming
- **Functions** — snake_case, prefixed with their module:
-  `assetLock()`, `entityPositionInit()`, `moduleAssetBatchCtor()`
- **Struct fields** — camelCase: `keyframeCount`, `localPosition`
- **Macros / constants** — UPPER_SNAKE_CASE:
-  `ENTITY_ID_INVALID`, `ERROR_OK`, `COMPONENT_TYPE_COUNT`
- **Files** — snake_case matching the primary type: `entityposition.c`,
-  `moduleassetbatch.c`
-
-### Header files (`.h`)
- Use `#pragma once` — no include guards.
- Declare every public function, `#define`, and `extern` global.
- Write a JSDoc block (`/** … */`) above every declaration explaining
-  purpose, `@param`s, and `@returns`.
- Only include headers that the `.h` file itself strictly requires for
-  the types it exposes. Move everything else to the `.c` file.
-  Do not use forward declarations as a workaround — use the real
-  include in the `.c` file instead.
-
-### Implementation files (`.c`)
- Contain function bodies only; no declarations.
- Pull in whatever additional includes the implementation needs.
- Do not use `static` or `inline` on **functions**. Every function,
-  including internal helpers, must be declared in the matching `.h` and
-  defined in the `.c` file. Internal helpers belong near the bottom of
-  the `.c` file, not at the top with a `static` qualifier.
-  `static` and `inline` on functions are only appropriate when the
-  function body is written directly inside a `.h` file.
-  `static` on **variables** (file-scope state) is fine and expected.
-
-### Formatting
- Hard-wrap all lines at **80 characters**.
-
-### Error handling
-Return `errorret_t` from fallible functions. Use these macros:
-
-```c
-errorOk();                    // return success
-errorThrow("msg %d", val);    // return failure with message
-errorChain(someCall());       // propagate failure, continue on success
-errorIsOk(ret) / errorIsNotOk(ret)  // test a result
-errorCatch(ret);              // handle + free an error
-```
-
-Never return raw error codes or use `errno` for in-engine errors.
-
-### Memory
-Use the project allocator — never raw `malloc`/`free`:
-
-```c
-memoryAllocate(size)          // allocate
-memoryFree(ptr)               // free
-memoryZero(dest, size)        // zero a block
-memoryCopy(dest, src, size)   // copy
-```
-
-### Asserts
-Prefer specific assert macros over bare `assert()`:
-
-```c
-assertNotNull(ptr, "msg");
-assertTrue(cond, "msg");
-assertFalse(cond, "msg");
-assertUnreachable("msg");
-assertIsMainThread("msg");
-```
-
---
-
-## Build system
-Each subdirectory has its own `CMakeLists.txt` that adds sources with:
-
-```cmake
-target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
-  PUBLIC
-    myfile.c
-)
-```
-
-Never add source files to the root `CMakeLists.txt` directly.
-
---
-
-## Platform support
-
-### Targets
-Set `DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM` at CMake configure time to select a platform:
-
-| `DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM` | Macro defined     | Platform         |
-|----------------------|-------------------|------------------|
-| `linux`              | `DUSK_LINUX`      | Linux desktop    |
-| `knulli`             | `DUSK_KNULLI`     | Knulli (handheld)|
-| `psp`                | `DUSK_PSP`        | Sony PSP         |
-| `vita`               | `DUSK_VITA`       | PlayStation Vita |
-| `gamecube`           | `DUSK_GAMECUBE`   | Nintendo GameCube|
-| `wii`                | `DUSK_WII`        | Nintendo Wii     |
-
-### Layer structure
-```
-src/dusk/          core, platform-agnostic game logic
-src/duskgl/        OpenGL abstraction (Linux, Knulli, PSP, Vita)
-src/dusksdl2/      SDL2 window + input (Linux, Knulli, PSP, Vita)
-src/dusklinux/     Linux + Knulli platform impl
-src/duskpsp/       PSP platform impl
-src/duskvita/      Vita platform impl
-src/duskdolphin/   GameCube / Wii platform impl (no SDL2/OpenGL)
-```
-
-Dolphin is the only target that bypasses SDL2 and OpenGL entirely —
-it uses native GameCube/Wii rendering and input APIs.
-
-### Platform guards
-Use the compile-time macros for platform-specific code:
-
-```c
-#ifdef DUSK_PSP
-  // PSP-only path
-#elif defined(DUSK_GAMECUBE) || defined(DUSK_WII)
-  // GameCube / Wii path
-#else
-  // Generic / Linux fallback
-#endif
-```
-
-Additional capability macros set per-target:
-`DUSK_SDL2`, `DUSK_OPENGL`, `DUSK_OPENGL_ES`, `DUSK_OPENGL_LEGACY`,
-`DUSK_INPUT_GAMEPAD`, `DUSK_INPUT_KEYBOARD`, `DUSK_INPUT_POINTER`,
-`DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG` / `DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE`.
-
-### Abstraction pattern
-Platform-specific implementations are wired in via `#define` macros in
-each platform's `displayplatform.h` / `inputplatform.h` etc., which
-the core calls through. Functions that a platform does not support are
-simply left undefined — the core guards calls with `#ifdef`.
-
-### Adding platform-specific code
- Put it under `src/dusk<platform>/` in the matching subsystem folder.
- Gate any core call-site with the appropriate `#ifdef DUSK_<PLATFORM>`
-  or capability macro.
- Keep the `src/dusk/` core free of platform ifdefs — delegate through
-  the platform header macros instead.
-
---
-
-## Adding a new asset loader type
-1. Add an enum value to `assetloadertype_t` (before `_COUNT`) in
-   `src/dusk/asset/loader/assetloader.h`.
-2. Add fields to the input/loading/output unions in `assetloader.h`.
-3. Implement `assetXxxLoaderSync`, `assetXxxLoaderAsync`, and
-   `assetXxxDispose` in a new `src/dusk/asset/loader/xxx/` directory.
-4. Register the three callbacks in `ASSET_LOADER_CALLBACKS[]` in
-   `src/dusk/asset/loader/assetloader.c`.
-5. If user-facing, create a JS module (see below) and a `.d.ts` file.
-
---
-
-## Adding a new entity component
-1. Create `src/dusk/entity/component/<category>/entityMyComp.h/.c` with
-   struct `entityMyComp_t`, `entityMyCompInit()`, and optionally
-   `entityMyCompDispose()`.
-2. Add the include to `src/dusk/entity/componentlist.h` header block.
-3. Add a row to `src/dusk/entity/componentlist.h`:
-   ```c
-   X(MYCOMP, entityMyComp_t, myComp, entityMyCompInit, NULL, NULL)
-   ```
-   This auto-generates the enum, union field, and definition entry.
-4. If JS-facing, create the script module and `.d.ts` (see below).
-
---
-
-## Adding a new script (JS) module
-1. Create `src/dusk/script/module/<category>/moduleMyMod.h/.c`.
-   - Declare `extern scriptproto_t MODULE_MYMOD_PROTO;` in the header.
-   - Use `moduleBaseFunction(name)` to define JS-callable functions.
-   - Register props/funcs in `moduleMyModInit()` with
-     `scriptProtoDefineProp` / `scriptProtoDefineFunc` /
-     `scriptProtoDefineStaticFunc`.
-2. `#include` the header in
-   `src/dusk/script/module/modulelist.c` and call
-   `moduleMyModInit()` in `moduleListInit()` (and `Dispose` in
-   `moduleListDispose()`).
-3. For component modules also register in
-   `src/dusk/script/module/entity/component/modulecomponentlist.c`
-   so `entity.add()` returns the typed wrapper.
-4. Create `types/<category>/mymod.d.ts` and add a
-   `/// <reference path="..." />` line to `types/index.d.ts`.
-
---
-
-## Script module type declarations
-Whenever a `src/dusk/script/module/**/*.c` file is created or modified,
-check whether the corresponding `types/**/*.d.ts` needs updating and
-apply any changes before finishing the task.
-
---
-
-## JavaScript (asset scripts)
- Use `var` for module-level state; `const` for values that never
-  change.
- Always use semicolons.
- Scene objects are plain objects (`var scene = {}`) with assigned
-  methods.
- Export via `module.exports = scene`.
- Async scene init should use `async function` and `await`.
-
---
-
-## Coding style
-
-### ASCII only
-Source files (`.c`, `.h`, `.js`) must contain only ASCII characters (U+0000–U+007F).
-Non-ASCII characters are banned even in comments and string literals.
-Use ASCII-only substitutes instead:
- `--` or `-` instead of `—` (em dash)
- `->` instead of `→` (arrow)
- `x` or `*` instead of `×` (multiplication)
-
-Only non-script asset files (e.g. `.po` locale files) may contain non-ASCII text.
-
-### Indentation
-2 spaces. No tabs.
-
-### Keyword and operator spacing
-No space between a keyword or function name and its opening parenthesis:
-
-```c
-if(!ptr) return;
-for(uint8_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-while(entry->state != DONE) {
-switch(type) {
-sizeof(assetbatch_t)
-memoryZero(ptr, size)
-```
-
-Spaces around all binary operators and after every comma:
-
-```c
-pos->flags |= ENTITY_POSITION_FLAG_WORLD_DIRTY;
-(size_t)end - (size_t)start
-foo(a, b, c)
-```
-
-### Braces
-Opening brace on the **same line** as the statement (K&R style) for all
-constructs — functions, `if`, `else`, `for`, `while`, `switch`:
-
-```c
-void assetEntryLock(assetentry_t *entry) {
-  ...
-}
-
-if(dirty) {
-  ...
-} else {
-  ...
-}
-```
-
-### Guard returns
-Short guards go on one line with no braces:
-
-```c
-if(!ptr) return;
-if(!b || !b->batch) return jerry_undefined();
-if(!(flags & DIRTY)) return;
-```
-
-### Blank lines
- One blank line between functions; no blank line at the start or end of
-  a function body.
- One blank line between logical blocks inside a function body.
- No trailing blank lines at the end of a file.
-
-### Pointer placement
-`*` is attached to the variable name, not the type:
-
-```c
-assetentry_t *entry
-const char_t *name
-void *ptr
-uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)dest;
-```
-
-### Casts
-Space between cast and operand:
-
-```c
-(assetbatch_t *)user
-(uint8_t *)dest
-(textureformat_t)v
-```
-
-### Return
-No parentheses around the return value:
-
-```c
-return ptr;
-return MEMORY_POINTERS_IN_USE;
-```
-
-### switch / case
-`case` indented 2 spaces from `switch`; body indented 2 more from `case`:
-
-```c
-switch(type) {
-  case ASSET_LOADER_TYPE_TEXTURE:
-    descs[i].input.texture = (textureformat_t)v;
-    break;
-  default:
-    break;
-}
-```
-
-### Multi-line function signatures
-When parameters don't fit on one line, put each on its own line indented
-2 spaces; the closing `) {` (definition) or `);` (declaration) goes on
-its own line at column 0:
-
-```c
-void assetEntryInit(
-  assetentry_t *entry,
-  const char_t *name,
-  const assetloadertype_t type,
-  assetloaderinput_t *input
-) {
-
-errorret_t memoryCompare(
-  const void *a,
-  const void *b,
-  const size_t size
-);
-```
-
-### Structs and enums
-Anonymous inner struct or enum with a `typedef`, `_t` suffix, closing
-brace and name on the same line:
-
-```c
-typedef struct {
-  errorcode_t code;
-  char_t *message;
-} errorstate_t;
-
-typedef enum {
-  ASSET_LOADER_TYPE_NULL,
-  ASSET_LOADER_TYPE_COUNT
-} assetloadertype_t;
-```
-
-### Designated initialisers
-Spaces inside braces; `.field = value`:
-
-```c
-jsassetentry_t e = { .entry = entry };
-assetbatchloadedpend_t init = { .batch = batch };
-```
-
-### Ternary operator
-Spaces around `?` and `:`:
-
-```c
-const float val = psx > 0.0f ? pt[0][0] / psx : 0.0f;
-```
-
-### const placement
-`const` before the type, `*` attached to the variable:
-
-```c
-const char_t *name
-const void *src
-const size_t size
-```
-
-### Comments in `.c` files
- Do not use section dividers (`/* ---- ... ---- */`). Just let the
-  functions follow one another with a single blank line between them.
- Multi-line explanatory comments inside function bodies use `//` lines:
-  ```c
-  // Script modules are freed; orphaned JS wrapper objects now get GC'd
-  // so their finalizers fire before assetDispose() checks ref counts.
-  jerry_heap_gc(JERRY_GC_PRESSURE_HIGH);
-  ```
- Do not use `/* */` for inline or inline-block comments inside `.c`
-  function bodies.
-
-### Comments in `.h` files
-Every public declaration gets a Javadoc block (`/** … */`) with
-`@param` and `@returns` where relevant. Keep it on the lines immediately
-above the declaration with no blank line in between.
-
---
-
-## Tests
- Tests live in `test/` mirroring `src/dusk/` structure.
- Use cmocka; include `dusktest.h`.
- Test functions: `static void test_something(void **state)`.
- After each test, assert `memoryGetAllocatedCount() == 0` to catch
-  leaks.
- Build with `-DDUSK_BUILD_TESTS=ON`.
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ cmake_policy(SET CMP0079 NEW)
 # set(FETCHCONTENT_UPDATES_DISCONNECTED ON)

 option(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS "Enable tests" OFF)
+option(DUSK_NETWORKING "Enable networking support" OFF)

 set(DUSK_GAME_NAME "Dusk" CACHE STRING "Game display name")
 set(DUSK_GAME_AUTHOR "YourWishes" CACHE STRING "Game author / coder")
@@ -90,6 +91,12 @@ target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
    DUSK_VERSION="${DUSK_VERSION}"
 )

+if(DUSK_NETWORKING)
+  target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+    DUSK_NETWORKING
+  )
+endif()
+
 # Toolchains
 include(cmake/targets/${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM}.cmake)

@@ -116,7 +123,11 @@ if(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS)
 endif()

 # Build assets
-file(GLOB_RECURSE DUSK_ASSET_FILES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${DUSK_ASSETS_DIR}/*")
+# Deliberately not CONFIGURE_DEPENDS: that reruns the full CMake configure
+# step (which invalidates generated headers and forces a huge rebuild) on
+# every single asset edit. Re-run cmake manually when assets are added or
+# removed.
+file(GLOB_RECURSE DUSK_ASSET_FILES "${DUSK_ASSETS_DIR}/*")
 add_custom_command(
  OUTPUT "${DUSK_ASSETS_ZIP}"
  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory "${DUSK_ASSETS_DIR}"
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+# 
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+add_subdirectory(debug)
+add_subdirectory(frame)
+add_subdirectory(focus)
+add_subdirectory(overlay)
+add_subdirectory(transition)
+add_subdirectory(widget)
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    ui.c
+    uielement.c
+)
@@ -7,5 +7,4 @@ target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
  PUBLIC
    uiconsole.c
    uifps.c
-    uiplayerpos.c
 )
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uiconsole.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "console/console.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "display/mesh/mesh.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  mesh_t mesh;
+  bool_t built;
+  meshvertex_t vertices[UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX];
+  int32_t vertexCount;
+  int32_t cachedScanX;
+  int32_t cachedScanY;
+} uiconsolecache_t;
+
+uiconsolecache_t UI_CONSOLE_CACHE;
+
+errorret_t uiConsoleDraw(void) {
+  if(!CONSOLE.visible) errorOk();
+
+  if(
+    CONSOLE.dirty ||
+    UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.cachedScanX != SCREEN.scanX ||
+    UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.cachedScanY != SCREEN.scanY
+  ) {
+    errorChain(uiConsoleRebuild());
+  }
+
+  if(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertexCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = COLOR_RED,
+      .texture = FONT_DEFAULT.texture
+    }
+  };
+
+  errorChain(shaderBind(&SHADER_UNLIT));
+  errorChain(shaderSetMaterial(&SHADER_UNLIT, &material));
+  return meshDraw(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh, 0, UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertexCount);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiConsoleRebuild(void) {
+  int32_t spriteCount = 0;
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX; i++) {
+    char_t c;
+    int32_t j = 0;
+    while((c = CONSOLE.line[i][j++]) != '\0') {
+      if(c != ' ' && c != '\n') spriteCount++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  assertTrue(
+    spriteCount <= UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_GLYPH_MAX,
+    "Console history exceeds fixed cache capacity"
+  );
+
+  const int32_t vertexCount = spriteCount * QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT;
+  UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertexCount = vertexCount;
+
+  if(vertexCount > 0) {
+    const float_t lineH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+    const float_t charW = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileWidth;
+
+    int32_t index = 0;
+    int32_t row = 0;
+    for(uint32_t i = 0; i < CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX; i++) {
+      float_t posX = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX;
+      float_t posY = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY + lineH * (float_t)row;
+
+      char_t c;
+      int32_t j = 0;
+      while((c = CONSOLE.line[i][j++]) != '\0') {
+        if(c == '\n') {
+          posX = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX;
+          posY += lineH;
+          row++;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if(c == ' ') {
+          posX += charW;
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        const spritebatchsprite_t sprite = textGetSprite(
+          (vec2){ posX, posY }, c, &FONT_DEFAULT
+        );
+        spriteBatchBufferToMesh(
+          &sprite, 1,
+          &UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices[index], QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT
+        );
+
+        index += QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT;
+        posX += charW;
+      }
+
+      row++;
+    }
+
+    if(!UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.built) {
+      errorChain(meshInit(
+        &UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh,
+        QUAD_PRIMITIVE_TYPE,
+        UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX,
+        UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices
+      ));
+      UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.built = true;
+    } else {
+      errorChain(meshFlush(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh, 0, vertexCount));
+    }
+  }
+
+  UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.cachedScanX = SCREEN.scanX;
+  UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.cachedScanY = SCREEN.scanY;
+  CONSOLE.dirty = false;
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiConsoleDispose(void) {
+  if(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.built) {
+    errorChain(meshDispose(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh));
+  }
+
+  memoryZero(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE, sizeof(uiconsolecache_t));
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "display/mesh/quad.h"
+
+// Fixed capacity for the console's cached glyph mesh, in glyphs -- the
+// mesh/vertex buffer is sized to this once and never grown/shrunk, so
+// history producing more non-space characters than this asserts (see
+// uiConsoleRebuild) instead of reallocating.
+#define UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_GLYPH_MAX 512
+#define UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX (\
+  UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_GLYPH_MAX * QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT \
+)
+
+/**
+ * Renders the console history into the scan-safe area, drawing a mesh
+ * that is only rebuilt when the history changes or the scan-safe origin
+ * moves, rather than rebuffering vertices every frame. No-ops when the
+ * console is not visible.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConsoleDraw(void);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the cached mesh for the console's current history and
+ * scan-safe origin. Called automatically by uiConsoleDraw() whenever
+ * needed; only needs calling directly to force an immediate rebuild.
+ * The underlying vertex buffer is a fixed-size array (see
+ * UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX) -- asserts if the history produces more
+ * glyphs than that capacity, rather than growing it.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConsoleRebuild(void);
+
+/**
+ * Frees the mesh and vertex buffer built up by uiConsoleDraw().
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConsoleDispose(void);
@@ -7,13 +7,21 @@

 #include "uifps.h"
 #include "time/time.h"
-#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"

 uifps_t UIFPS;

+errorret_t uiFPSInit() {
+  uiLabelInit(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiLabelInit(&UIFPS.versionLabel, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiLabelSetText(&UIFPS.versionLabel, ENGINE.version);
+  uiLabelSetColor(&UIFPS.versionLabel, color(255, 255, 255, 128));
+  errorOk();
+}
+
 errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
  char_t fpsText[32];

@@ -50,23 +58,21 @@ errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
    textColor = COLOR_RED;
  }

-  errorChain(textDraw(
-    (float_t)SCREEN.scanX,
-    (float_t)SCREEN.scanY,
-    fpsText, textColor,
-    &FONT_DEFAULT
+  uiLabelSetColor(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, textColor);
+  if(stringCompare(fpsText, UIFPS.fpsLabel.text) != 0) {
+    uiLabelSetText(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, fpsText);
+  }
+  errorChain(uiLabelDraw(
+    &UIFPS.fpsLabel, (float_t)SCREEN.scanX, (float_t)SCREEN.scanY
  ));
-  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());

  int32_t versionWidth, versionHeight;
-  textMeasure(ENGINE.version, &FONT_DEFAULT, &versionWidth, &versionHeight);
-  errorChain(textDraw(
+  uiLabelGetSize(&UIFPS.versionLabel, &versionWidth, &versionHeight);
+  errorChain(uiLabelDraw(
+    &UIFPS.versionLabel,
    (float_t)(SCREEN.scanX + SCREEN.scanWidth - versionWidth),
-    (float_t)(SCREEN.scanY + SCREEN.scanHeight - versionHeight),
-    ENGINE.version,
-    color(255, 255, 255, 128),
-    &FONT_DEFAULT
+    (float_t)(SCREEN.scanY + SCREEN.scanHeight - versionHeight)
  ));

-  return spriteBatchFlush();
+  errorOk();
 }
@@ -8,14 +8,24 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "time/timeepoch.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"

 typedef struct {
  dusktimeepoch_t lastTick;
  float_t fpsAverage;
+  uilabel_t fpsLabel;
+  uilabel_t versionLabel;
 } uifps_t;

 extern uifps_t UIFPS;

+/**
+ * Initializes the FPS counter, caching the (static) version label.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFPSInit();
+
 /**
 * Draws the FPS counter on the screen, and also does the update (for now).
 *
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@
 #include "time/time.h"

 const uifocusdirmap_t UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP[] = {
-  { INPUT_ACTION_UP,    UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_UP,     0, -1 },
-  { INPUT_ACTION_DOWN,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_DOWN,   0,  1 },
-  { INPUT_ACTION_LEFT,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT,  -1,  0 },
-  { INPUT_ACTION_RIGHT, UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT,  1,  0 },
-  { INPUT_ACTION_NULL,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE,   0,  0 },
+  { INPUT_BIND_UP,    UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_UP,     0, -1 },
+  { INPUT_BIND_DOWN,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_DOWN,   0,  1 },
+  { INPUT_BIND_LEFT,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT,  -1,  0 },
+  { INPUT_BIND_RIGHT, UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT,  1,  0 },
+  { INPUT_BIND_NULL,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE,   0,  0 },
 };

 uifocus_t UI_FOCUS;
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ uifocusitem_t * uiFocusPush(
  uifocusitemcallback_t selected,
  uifocusitemcallback_t changed,
  uifocusitemcallback_t closed,
+  uifocusitemdirectioncallback_t direction,
  void *user
 ) {
  assertTrue(
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ uifocusitem_t * uiFocusPush(
  item->selected = selected;
  item->changed = changed;
  item->closed = closed;
+  item->direction = direction;
  item->user = user;
  UI_FOCUS.count++;
  UI_FOCUS.pushedThisTick = true;
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@ void uiFocusMoveDirection(
 ) {
  for(
    const uifocusdirmap_t *m = UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP;
-    m->action != INPUT_ACTION_NULL;
+    m->action != INPUT_BIND_NULL;
    m++
  ) {
    if(m->direction != dir) continue;
@@ -118,6 +120,14 @@ void uiFocusMoveDirection(
  }
 }

+void uiFocusHandleDirection(
+  uifocusitem_t *item,
+  const uifocusdirection_t dir
+) {
+  if(item->direction != NULL && item->direction(item, dir)) return;
+  uiFocusMoveDirection(item, dir);
+}
+
 void uiFocusUpdate(void) {
  if(UI_FOCUS.count == 0) return;

@@ -132,32 +142,32 @@ void uiFocusUpdate(void) {

  uifocusitem_t *item = &UI_FOCUS.items[UI_FOCUS.count - 1];

-  if(inputPressed(INPUT_ACTION_ACCEPT)) {
+  if(inputPressed(INPUT_BIND_ACCEPT)) {
    if(item->selected != NULL) item->selected(item);
    return;
  }

-  if(inputPressed(INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL)) {
+  if(inputPressed(INPUT_BIND_CANCEL)) {
    uiFocusPop();
    return;
  }

  for(
    const uifocusdirmap_t *m = UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP;
-    m->action != INPUT_ACTION_NULL;
+    m->action != INPUT_BIND_NULL;
    m++
  ) {
    if(!inputPressed(m->action)) continue;
    UI_FOCUS.direction = m->direction;
    UI_FOCUS.timeHeld = 0.0f;
-    uiFocusMoveDirection(item, m->direction);
+    uiFocusHandleDirection(item, m->direction);
    return;
  }

  bool_t held = false;
  for(
    const uifocusdirmap_t *m = UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP;
-    m->action != INPUT_ACTION_NULL;
+    m->action != INPUT_BIND_NULL;
    m++
  ) {
    if(m->direction != UI_FOCUS.direction) continue;
@@ -176,5 +186,5 @@ void uiFocusUpdate(void) {
  if(UI_FOCUS.timeHeld < UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY) return;
  if(UI_FOCUS.timeHeld < UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY + UI_FOCUS_HOLD_REPEAT) return;
  UI_FOCUS.timeHeld = UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY;
-  uiFocusMoveDirection(item, UI_FOCUS.direction);
+  uiFocusHandleDirection(item, UI_FOCUS.direction);
 }
@@ -22,16 +22,8 @@
 */
 #define UI_FOCUS_HOLD_REPEAT 0.1f

-typedef enum {
-  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE,
-  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_UP,
-  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_DOWN,
-  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT,
-  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT
-} uifocusdirection_t;
-
 typedef struct {
-  inputaction_t action;
+  inputbind_t action;
  uifocusdirection_t direction;
  int8_t dx;
  int8_t dy;
@@ -39,7 +31,7 @@ typedef struct {

 /**
 * Mapping of input actions to focus directions, terminated by an
- * entry with action == INPUT_ACTION_NULL.
+ * entry with action == INPUT_BIND_NULL.
 */
 extern const uifocusdirmap_t UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP[];

@@ -72,6 +64,8 @@ void uiFocusInit(void);
 * @param selected  Called when the user selects the focused cell.
 * @param changed   Called when the focused cell position changes.
 * @param closed    Called when this focus item is popped.
+ * @param direction Called on a direction press/hold before the default
+ *                  cell-to-cell movement is applied; may be NULL.
 * @param user      Arbitrary pointer stored on the item before changed fires.
 * @returns Pointer to the newly pushed focus item.
 */
@@ -81,6 +75,7 @@ uifocusitem_t * uiFocusPush(
  uifocusitemcallback_t selected,
  uifocusitemcallback_t changed,
  uifocusitemcallback_t closed,
+  uifocusitemdirectioncallback_t direction,
  void *user
 );

@@ -118,6 +113,19 @@ void uiFocusMoveDirection(
  const uifocusdirection_t dir
 );

+/**
+ * Handles a direction press/hold for the given item: gives the item's
+ * direction callback (if any) first refusal, falling back to the
+ * default cell-to-cell movement if it's unset or returns false.
+ *
+ * @param item The focus item to move.
+ * @param dir Direction that was pressed or held.
+ */
+void uiFocusHandleDirection(
+  uifocusitem_t *item,
+  const uifocusdirection_t dir
+);
+
 /**
 * Updates the focus system. Handles first-press movement and
 * held-direction repeating. Called once per game tick.
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+typedef struct uifocusitem_s uifocusitem_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_UP,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_DOWN,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT
+} uifocusdirection_t;
+
+/**
+ * Callback invoked when a focus item's selected cell changes.
+ *
+ * @param item The focus item that changed.
+ */
+typedef bool_t (*uifocusitemcallback_t)(const uifocusitem_t *item);
+
+/**
+ * Callback invoked when a direction is pressed or held-repeated while
+ * this item is focused, before the default cell-to-cell movement is
+ * applied.
+ *
+ * @param item The focus item that is currently focused.
+ * @param direction The direction that was pressed.
+ * @returns True if the direction was fully handled and the default
+ * grid movement should be skipped; false to fall through to it.
+ */
+typedef bool_t (*uifocusitemdirectioncallback_t)(
+  const uifocusitem_t *item,
+  const uifocusdirection_t direction
+);
+
+/**
+ * A single entry on the UI focus stack. Tracks the focused cell
+ * within a grid of cols x rows, and the current x/y position.
+ */
+struct uifocusitem_s {
+  uint8_t cols;
+  uint8_t rows;
+  uint8_t x;
+  uint8_t y;
+  uifocusitemcallback_t selected;
+  uifocusitemcallback_t changed;
+  uifocusitemcallback_t closed;
+  uifocusitemdirectioncallback_t direction;
+  void *user;
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    uiframe.c
+    uiconfirm.c
+)
+
+add_subdirectory(settings)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    uisettings.c
+    uisettingsgeneral.c
+    uisettingsinput.c
+    uisettingsdisplay.c
+    uisettingsaudio.c
+)
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uisettings.h"
+#include "uisettingsgeneral.h"
+#include "uisettingsinput.h"
+#include "uisettingsdisplay.h"
+#include "uisettingsaudio.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiconfirm.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "locale/localemanager.h"
+#include "asset/loader/locale/assetlocaleloader.h"
+
+uisettings_t UI_SETTINGS;
+
+uisettingstabdef_t UI_SETTINGS_TAB_DEFS[UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT] = {
+  {
+    .localeId = "ui.settings.tabs.general",
+    .init = uiSettingsGeneralInit,
+    .menu = (uimenu_t *)&UI_SETTINGS.data,
+    .load = uiSettingsGeneralLoad,
+    .apply = uiSettingsGeneralApply,
+    .hasChanges = uiSettingsGeneralHasChanges
+  },
+
+  {
+    .localeId = "ui.settings.tabs.input",
+    .init = uiSettingsInputInit,
+    .menu = (uimenu_t *)&UI_SETTINGS.data,
+    .load = uiSettingsInputLoad,
+    .apply = uiSettingsInputApply,
+    .hasChanges = uiSettingsInputHasChanges
+  },
+
+  {
+    .localeId = "ui.settings.tabs.display",
+    .init = uiSettingsDisplayInit,
+    .menu = (uimenu_t *)&UI_SETTINGS.data,
+    .load = uiSettingsDisplayLoad,
+    .apply = uiSettingsDisplayApply,
+    .hasChanges = uiSettingsDisplayHasChanges
+  },
+
+  {
+    .localeId = "ui.settings.tabs.audio",
+    .init = uiSettingsAudioInit,
+    .menu = (uimenu_t *)&UI_SETTINGS.data,
+    .load = uiSettingsAudioLoad,
+    .apply = uiSettingsAudioApply,
+    .hasChanges = uiSettingsAudioHasChanges
+  }
+};
+
+static uisettingstabdef_t UI_SETTINGS_TOP_DEF = {
+  .menu = &UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu,
+  .load = uiSettingsLoad,
+  .hasChanges = uiSettingsHasChanges
+};
+
+static uisettingstabdef_t *UI_SETTINGS_PENDING_DISCARD = NULL;
+static uisettingstabdef_t *UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB = NULL;
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsActivateTab(uisettingstabdef_t *def) {
+  if(def == UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB) errorOk();
+
+  errorChain(def->init(&UI_SETTINGS.data));
+  def->menu->user = def;
+  def->load();
+  UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB = def;
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsTabChanged(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  if(index >= UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT) return;
+  errorCatch(uiSettingsActivateTab(&UI_SETTINGS_TAB_DEFS[index]));
+}
+
+void uiSettingsTabSelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  if(index >= UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT) return;
+
+  uisettingstabdef_t *def = &UI_SETTINGS_TAB_DEFS[index];
+  errorCatch(uiSettingsActivateTab(def));
+  uiMenuOpen(def->menu);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&UI_SETTINGS, sizeof(uisettings_t));
+  UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB = NULL;
+
+  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT; i++) {
+    errorChain(assetLocaleGetString(
+      &LOCALE.entry->data.locale,
+      UI_SETTINGS_TAB_DEFS[i].localeId,
+      0,
+      UI_SETTINGS.tabLabels[i],
+      UI_SETTINGS_TAB_LABEL_MAX
+    ));
+  }
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu, UI_SETTINGS.tabs, uiSettingsTabSelected,
+    uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed, uiSettingsTabChanged
+  );
+  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT; i++) {
+    MENU_TAB(UI_SETTINGS.tabLabels[i]);
+  }
+  MENU_END(UI_SETTINGS.tabs, menuIndex);
+
+  UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu.user = &UI_SETTINGS_TOP_DEF;
+
+  errorChain(assetLocaleGetString(
+    &LOCALE.entry->data.locale,
+    "ui.settings.apply",
+    0,
+    UI_SETTINGS.applyLabel,
+    UI_SETTINGS_APPLY_LABEL_MAX
+  ));
+
+  errorChain(uiSettingsActivateTab(&UI_SETTINGS_TAB_DEFS[0]));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsDraw(void) {
+  if(!uiMenuIsActive(&UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu)) errorOk();
+
+  const float_t width = SCREEN.width;
+  const float_t height = SCREEN.height;
+  const float_t x = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX +
+    ((float_t)SCREEN.scanWidth - width) * 0.5f;
+  const float_t y = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY +
+    ((float_t)SCREEN.scanHeight - height) * 0.5f;
+
+  errorChain(uiFrameDrawCached(&UI_SETTINGS.frameCache, x, y, width, height));
+
+  const float_t contentX = x + UI_FRAME_START_X;
+  const float_t contentY = y + UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+  const float_t contentWidth = width - (UI_FRAME_START_X * 2);
+  const float_t contentHeight = height - (UI_FRAME_START_Y * 2);
+
+  errorChain(uiMenuDraw(
+    &UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu,
+    contentX,
+    contentY,
+    contentWidth,
+    contentHeight
+  ));
+
+  const float_t tabsRowHeight = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+  const float_t pageY = contentY + tabsRowHeight + UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y;
+  const float_t pageHeight = contentHeight - tabsRowHeight - UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y;
+
+  if(UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB != NULL) {
+    errorChain(uiMenuDraw(
+      UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB->menu, contentX, pageY, contentWidth, pageHeight
+    ));
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsUpdate(void) {
+  if(!UI_SETTINGS_PENDING_DISCARD) errorOk();
+
+  uisettingstabdef_t *def = UI_SETTINGS_PENDING_DISCARD;
+  UI_SETTINGS_PENDING_DISCARD = NULL;
+
+  return uiSettingsDiscardUpdate(def);
+}
+
+bool_t uiSettingsIsOpen(void) {
+  return uiMenuIsActive(&UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu);
+}
+
+void uiSettingsOpen() {
+  uiSettingsLoad();
+  uiMenuOpen(&UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu);
+}
+
+void uiSettingsClose() {
+  uiMenuClose(&UI_SETTINGS.tabsMenu);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsDispose(void) {
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsLoad(void) {
+  if(UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB != NULL) UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB->load();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsApply(void) {
+  if(UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB != NULL) UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB->apply();
+}
+
+bool_t uiSettingsHasChanges(void) {
+  return UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB != NULL && UI_SETTINGS_ACTIVE_TAB->hasChanges();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed(const uimenu_t *menu) {
+  uisettingstabdef_t *def = (uisettingstabdef_t *)menu->user;
+  if(def->hasChanges()) UI_SETTINGS_PENDING_DISCARD = def;
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsDiscardUpdate(uisettingstabdef_t *def) {
+  #define UI_SETTINGS_DISCARD_TEXT_MAX 128
+  char_t text[UI_SETTINGS_DISCARD_TEXT_MAX];
+  errorChain(assetLocaleGetString(
+    &LOCALE.entry->data.locale,
+    "ui.confirm.discard_changes",
+    0,
+    text,
+    UI_SETTINGS_DISCARD_TEXT_MAX
+  ));
+  #undef UI_SETTINGS_DISCARD_TEXT_MAX
+
+  uiConfirmOpen(text, uiSettingsDiscardConfirmResult, def);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsDiscardConfirmResult(const bool_t result, void *user) {
+  uisettingstabdef_t *def = (uisettingstabdef_t *)user;
+
+  if(!result) {
+    uiMenuOpen(def->menu);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  def->load();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uimenu.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "uisettingsdata.h"
+
+#define UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT 4
+#define UI_SETTINGS_TAB_LABEL_MAX 32
+#define UI_SETTINGS_APPLY_LABEL_MAX 32
+
+typedef struct {
+  const char_t *localeId;
+  errorret_t (*init)(uisettingsdata_t *data);
+  uimenu_t *menu;
+  void (*load)(void);
+  void (*apply)(void);
+  bool_t (*hasChanges)(void);
+} uisettingstabdef_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uimenu_t tabsMenu;
+  uimenuitem_t tabs[UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT];
+  char_t tabLabels[UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT][UI_SETTINGS_TAB_LABEL_MAX];
+  char_t applyLabel[UI_SETTINGS_APPLY_LABEL_MAX];
+  uisettingsdata_t data;
+  uiframecache_t frameCache;
+} uisettings_t;
+
+extern uisettings_t UI_SETTINGS;
+extern uisettingstabdef_t UI_SETTINGS_TAB_DEFS[UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT];
+
+/**
+ * Menu closed callback that flags a pending discard-changes
+ * confirmation if the menu's settings page/panel reports unsaved
+ * changes. Pass this directly as a settings page menu's closed
+ * callback. The pending def is picked up by uiSettingsUpdate on the
+ * next tick.
+ *
+ * @param menu The menu that was just closed.
+ */
+void uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed(const uimenu_t *menu);
+
+/**
+ * Shows the discard-changes confirmation dialog for def. Called once
+ * by uiSettingsUpdate when uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed has flagged a
+ * pending def.
+ *
+ * @param def The tab/panel def to show the confirmation for.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsDiscardUpdate(uisettingstabdef_t *def);
+
+/**
+ * Callback passed to uiConfirmOpen by uiSettingsDiscardUpdate. Reopens
+ * the menu if the user chose to keep editing, otherwise reloads the
+ * widgets back to the actual engine values.
+ *
+ * @param result True if the user confirmed discarding changes, false
+ * to keep editing.
+ * @param user The uisettingstabdef_t* this confirmation belongs to.
+ */
+void uiSettingsDiscardConfirmResult(const bool_t result, void *user);
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the settings panel and all of its category pages.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the settings panel. No-op when not visible.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsDraw(void);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the settings panel. Shows a discard-changes confirmation if
+ * the panel was just closed with unsaved changes.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when the settings panel is currently open.
+ *
+ * @returns True if open.
+ */
+bool_t uiSettingsIsOpen(void);
+
+/**
+ * Opens the settings panel. No-op when already open.
+ */
+void uiSettingsOpen();
+
+/**
+ * Closes the settings panel. No-op when already closed.
+ */
+void uiSettingsClose();
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the settings panel.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsDispose(void);
+
+/**
+ * Loads every category page's widgets from the current engine settings.
+ * Called automatically by uiSettingsOpen.
+ */
+void uiSettingsLoad(void);
+
+/**
+ * Applies every category page's widget values to the engine settings.
+ * Called automatically when a page's own Apply button is pressed.
+ */
+void uiSettingsApply(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether any category page has a widget value that differs
+ * from what was loaded.
+ *
+ * @returns True if there are unsaved changes.
+ */
+bool_t uiSettingsHasChanges(void);
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uisettingsaudio.h"
+#include "uisettings.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+void uiSettingsAudioSelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  if(index != UI_SETTINGS_AUDIO_INDEX_APPLY) return;
+  uiSettingsAudioApply();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsAudioInit(uisettingsdata_t *data) {
+  uisettingsaudio_t *audio = &data->audio;
+  memoryZero(audio, sizeof(uisettingsaudio_t));
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &audio->menu, audio->items,
+    uiSettingsAudioSelected, uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed, NULL
+  );
+  MENU_LABEL("No audio settings yet");
+  MENU_BUTTON(UI_SETTINGS.applyLabel);
+
+  MENU_END(audio->items, 1);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsAudioLoad(void) {
+}
+
+void uiSettingsAudioApply(void) {
+  uiMenuClose(&UI_SETTINGS.data.audio.menu);
+}
+
+bool_t uiSettingsAudioHasChanges(void) {
+  return false;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "uisettingsdata.h"
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the audio settings page into the shared settings data
+ * union.
+ *
+ * @param data The shared settings data union to initialize into.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsAudioInit(uisettingsdata_t *data);
+
+/**
+ * Loads the page's widgets from the current engine audio settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsAudioLoad(void);
+
+/**
+ * Applies the page's widget values to the engine audio settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsAudioApply(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether any widget's value differs from what was loaded.
+ *
+ * @returns True if there are unsaved changes.
+ */
+bool_t uiSettingsAudioHasChanges(void);
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uimenu.h"
+
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_ITEM_COUNT 3
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_LANGUAGE 0
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_LANGUAGE_DETAIL 1
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_APPLY 2
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALE_COUNT 3
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LABEL_MAX 32
+#define UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INFO_MAX 64
+
+typedef struct {
+  uimenu_t menu;
+  uimenuitem_t items[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_ITEM_COUNT];
+  const char_t *localeNames[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALE_COUNT];
+  char_t languageLabel[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LABEL_MAX];
+  char_t labelInfo[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INFO_MAX];
+} uisettingsgeneral_t;
+
+#define UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_ITEM_COUNT 2
+#define UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_LABEL_MAX 32
+#define UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_INDEX_DEADZONE 0
+#define UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_INDEX_APPLY 1
+
+typedef struct {
+  uimenu_t menu;
+  uimenuitem_t items[UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_ITEM_COUNT];
+  char_t deadzoneLabel[UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_LABEL_MAX];
+} uisettingsinput_t;
+
+#define UI_SETTINGS_DISPLAY_ITEM_COUNT 2
+#define UI_SETTINGS_DISPLAY_INDEX_APPLY 1
+
+typedef struct {
+  uimenu_t menu;
+  uimenuitem_t items[UI_SETTINGS_DISPLAY_ITEM_COUNT];
+} uisettingsdisplay_t;
+
+#define UI_SETTINGS_AUDIO_ITEM_COUNT 2
+#define UI_SETTINGS_AUDIO_INDEX_APPLY 1
+
+typedef struct {
+  uimenu_t menu;
+  uimenuitem_t items[UI_SETTINGS_AUDIO_ITEM_COUNT];
+} uisettingsaudio_t;
+
+/**
+ * Shared, overlapping storage for every settings tab's page data. Only
+ * one member is ever live at a time -- the active tab's Init writes
+ * into it, overwriting whatever the previously active tab left there.
+ * This trades simultaneous access to every tab for a memory footprint
+ * of only the single largest page.
+ */
+typedef union {
+  uisettingsgeneral_t general;
+  uisettingsinput_t input;
+  uisettingsdisplay_t display;
+  uisettingsaudio_t audio;
+} uisettingsdata_t;
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uisettingsdisplay.h"
+#include "uisettings.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+void uiSettingsDisplaySelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  if(index != UI_SETTINGS_DISPLAY_INDEX_APPLY) return;
+  uiSettingsDisplayApply();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsDisplayInit(uisettingsdata_t *data) {
+  uisettingsdisplay_t *display = &data->display;
+  memoryZero(display, sizeof(uisettingsdisplay_t));
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &display->menu, display->items,
+    uiSettingsDisplaySelected, uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed, NULL
+  );
+  MENU_LABEL("No display settings yet");
+  MENU_BUTTON(UI_SETTINGS.applyLabel);
+
+  MENU_END(display->items, 1);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsDisplayLoad(void) {
+}
+
+void uiSettingsDisplayApply(void) {
+  uiMenuClose(&UI_SETTINGS.data.display.menu);
+}
+
+bool_t uiSettingsDisplayHasChanges(void) {
+  return false;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "uisettingsdata.h"
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the display settings page into the shared settings data
+ * union.
+ *
+ * @param data The shared settings data union to initialize into.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsDisplayInit(uisettingsdata_t *data);
+
+/**
+ * Loads the page's widgets from the current engine display settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsDisplayLoad(void);
+
+/**
+ * Applies the page's widget values to the engine display settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsDisplayApply(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether any widget's value differs from what was loaded.
+ *
+ * @returns True if there are unsaved changes.
+ */
+bool_t uiSettingsDisplayHasChanges(void);
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uisettingsgeneral.h"
+#include "uisettings.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "locale/localemanager.h"
+#include "locale/localeinfo.h"
+#include "asset/loader/locale/assetlocaleloader.h"
+
+static const localeinfo_t *const UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALES[
+  UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALE_COUNT
+] = {
+  &LOCALE_EN_US,
+  &LOCALE_JP_JP,
+  &LOCALE_ES_MX
+};
+
+void uiSettingsGeneralSelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  switch(index) {
+    case UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_APPLY:
+      uiSettingsGeneralApply();
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsGeneralInit(uisettingsdata_t *data) {
+  uisettingsgeneral_t *general = &data->general;
+  memoryZero(general, sizeof(uisettingsgeneral_t));
+
+  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALE_COUNT; i++) {
+    general->localeNames[i] = UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALES[i]->name;
+  }
+
+  errorChain(assetLocaleGetString(
+    &LOCALE.entry->data.locale,
+    "ui.settings.general.language",
+    0,
+    general->languageLabel,
+    UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LABEL_MAX
+  ));
+  errorChain(assetLocaleGetString(
+    &LOCALE.entry->data.locale,
+    "ui.settings.general.language_detail",
+    0,
+    general->labelInfo,
+    UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INFO_MAX
+  ));
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &general->menu, general->items,
+    uiSettingsGeneralSelected, uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed, NULL
+  );
+
+  MENU_DROPDOWN(
+    general->languageLabel, general->localeNames,
+    UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALE_COUNT, 0
+  );
+  MENU_LABEL(general->labelInfo);
+
+  MENU_BUTTON(UI_SETTINGS.applyLabel);
+  MENU_END(general->items, 1);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsGeneralLoad(void) {
+  uisettingsgeneral_t *general = &UI_SETTINGS.data.general;
+
+  uint8_t index = 0;
+  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALE_COUNT; i++) {
+    if(stringCompare(LOCALE.locale->file, UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALES[i]->file) != 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    index = i;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  uiDropdownSetSelectedIndex(
+    &general->items[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_LANGUAGE].dropdown, index
+  );
+}
+
+void uiSettingsGeneralApply(void) {
+  uisettingsgeneral_t *general = &UI_SETTINGS.data.general;
+
+  uint8_t index = uiDropdownGetSelectedIndex(
+    &general->items[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_LANGUAGE].dropdown
+  );
+  errorCatch(localeManagerSetLocale(UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALES[index]));
+
+  uiMenuClose(&general->menu);
+}
+
+bool_t uiSettingsGeneralHasChanges(void) {
+  uisettingsgeneral_t *general = &UI_SETTINGS.data.general;
+
+  uint8_t index = uiDropdownGetSelectedIndex(
+    &general->items[UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_INDEX_LANGUAGE].dropdown
+  );
+  return stringCompare(
+    LOCALE.locale->file, UI_SETTINGS_GENERAL_LOCALES[index]->file
+  ) != 0;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "uisettingsdata.h"
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the general settings page into the shared settings data
+ * union.
+ *
+ * @param data The shared settings data union to initialize into.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsGeneralInit(uisettingsdata_t *data);
+
+/**
+ * Loads the page's widgets from the current engine general settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsGeneralLoad(void);
+
+/**
+ * Applies the page's widget values to the engine general settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsGeneralApply(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether any widget's value differs from what was loaded.
+ *
+ * @returns True if there are unsaved changes.
+ */
+bool_t uiSettingsGeneralHasChanges(void);
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uisettingsinput.h"
+#include "uisettings.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "locale/localemanager.h"
+#include "asset/loader/locale/assetlocaleloader.h"
+#include "input/input.h"
+#include "save/savesettings.h"
+
+void uiSettingsInputSelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  if(index != UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_INDEX_APPLY) return;
+  uiSettingsInputApply();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSettingsInputInit(uisettingsdata_t *data) {
+  uisettingsinput_t *input = &data->input;
+  memoryZero(input, sizeof(uisettingsinput_t));
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &input->menu, input->items,
+    uiSettingsInputSelected, uiSettingsDiscardMenuClosed, NULL
+  );
+  #ifdef DUSK_INPUT_GAMEPAD
+    errorChain(assetLocaleGetString(
+      &LOCALE.entry->data.locale,
+      "ui.settings.input.deadzone",
+      0,
+      input->deadzoneLabel,
+      UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_LABEL_MAX
+    ));
+    MENU_SLIDER_FLOAT(
+      input->deadzoneLabel, INPUT_DEADZONE_DEFAULT, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.05f
+    );
+  #else
+    MENU_LABEL("No input settings yet");
+  #endif
+
+  MENU_BUTTON(UI_SETTINGS.applyLabel);
+  MENU_END(input->items, 1);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSettingsInputLoad(void) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_INPUT_GAMEPAD
+    uiSliderSetFloat(
+      &UI_SETTINGS.data.input.items[UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_INDEX_DEADZONE].slider,
+      INPUT.deadzone
+    );
+  #endif
+}
+
+void uiSettingsInputApply(void) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_INPUT_GAMEPAD
+    INPUT.deadzone = uiSliderGetFloat(
+      &UI_SETTINGS.data.input.items[UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_INDEX_DEADZONE].slider
+    );
+  #endif
+  errorCatch(errorPrint(saveSettingsWrite()));
+  uiMenuClose(&UI_SETTINGS.data.input.menu);
+}
+
+bool_t uiSettingsInputHasChanges(void) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_INPUT_GAMEPAD
+    if(uiSliderGetFloat(
+      &UI_SETTINGS.data.input.items[UI_SETTINGS_INPUT_INDEX_DEADZONE].slider
+    ) != INPUT.deadzone) return true;
+  #endif
+
+  return false;
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "uisettingsdata.h"
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the input settings page into the shared settings data
+ * union.
+ *
+ * @param data The shared settings data union to initialize into.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSettingsInputInit(uisettingsdata_t *data);
+
+/**
+ * Loads the page's widgets from the current engine input settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsInputLoad(void);
+
+/**
+ * Applies the page's widget values to the engine input settings.
+ */
+void uiSettingsInputApply(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether any widget's value differs from what was loaded.
+ *
+ * @returns True if there are unsaved changes.
+ */
+bool_t uiSettingsInputHasChanges(void);
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uiconfirm.h"
+#include "uiframe.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/math.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+
+#define UI_CONFIRM_BACKDROP_COLOR color4b(0, 0, 0, 160)
+
+uiconfirm_t UI_CONFIRM;
+
+void uiConfirmSelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  UI_CONFIRM.result = index == UI_CONFIRM_INDEX_CONFIRM;
+  uiConfirmClose();
+}
+
+void uiConfirmClosed(const uimenu_t *menu) {
+  if(UI_CONFIRM.callback != NULL) {
+    UI_CONFIRM.callback(UI_CONFIRM.result, UI_CONFIRM.user);
+  }
+}
+
+errorret_t uiConfirmInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&UI_CONFIRM, sizeof(uiconfirm_t));
+  uiLabelInit(&UI_CONFIRM.textLabel, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &UI_CONFIRM.menu, UI_CONFIRM.items, uiConfirmSelected, uiConfirmClosed, NULL
+  );
+  MENU_BUTTON("Confirm");
+  MENU_BUTTON("Cancel");
+
+  MENU_END(UI_CONFIRM.items, menuIndex);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiConfirmDraw(void) {
+  if(!uiMenuIsActive(&UI_CONFIRM.menu)) errorOk();
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t backdropSprite = {
+    .min = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .max = { (float_t)SCREEN.width, (float_t)SCREEN.height, 0.0f },
+    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+  shadermaterial_t backdropMaterial = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = UI_CONFIRM_BACKDROP_COLOR,
+      .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
+    }
+  };
+  errorChain(
+    spriteBatchBuffer(&backdropSprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, backdropMaterial)
+  );
+
+  int32_t textW, textH;
+  uiLabelGetSize(&UI_CONFIRM.textLabel, &textW, &textH);
+
+  float_t rowHeight = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+  float_t width = mathMax(
+    (float_t)textW + (UI_FRAME_START_X * 2), UI_CONFIRM_MIN_WIDTH
+  );
+  float_t height = (UI_FRAME_START_Y * 2) + rowHeight + UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y +
+    rowHeight;
+  float_t x = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX + ((float_t)SCREEN.scanWidth - width) * 0.5f;
+  float_t y = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY + ((float_t)SCREEN.scanHeight - height) * 0.5f;
+
+  errorChain(uiFrameDrawCached(&UI_CONFIRM.frameCache, x, y, width, height));
+
+  float_t contentX = x + UI_FRAME_START_X;
+  float_t contentY = y + UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+  float_t contentWidth = width - (UI_FRAME_START_X * 2);
+
+  errorChain(uiLabelDraw(&UI_CONFIRM.textLabel, contentX, contentY));
+
+  float_t buttonsY = contentY + rowHeight + UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y;
+  errorChain(uiMenuDraw(&UI_CONFIRM.menu, contentX, buttonsY, contentWidth, rowHeight));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+bool_t uiConfirmIsOpen(void) {
+  return uiMenuIsActive(&UI_CONFIRM.menu);
+}
+
+bool_t uiConfirmGetResult(void) {
+  return UI_CONFIRM.result;
+}
+
+void uiConfirmOpen(
+  const char_t *question,
+  uiconfirmcallback_t callback,
+  void *user
+) {
+  assertNotNull(question, "Question cannot be NULL");
+  uiLabelSetText(&UI_CONFIRM.textLabel, question);
+  UI_CONFIRM.callback = callback;
+  UI_CONFIRM.user = user;
+  UI_CONFIRM.result = false;
+  uiMenuOpen(&UI_CONFIRM.menu);
+}
+
+void uiConfirmClose(void) {
+  uiMenuClose(&UI_CONFIRM.menu);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiConfirmDispose(void) {
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uimenu.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+
+#define UI_CONFIRM_MIN_WIDTH 160.0f
+#define UI_CONFIRM_INDEX_CONFIRM 0
+#define UI_CONFIRM_INDEX_CANCEL 1
+#define UI_CONFIRM_ITEM_COUNT 2
+
+/**
+ * Callback invoked once a confirm dialog is dismissed.
+ *
+ * @param result True if Confirm was selected, false if Cancel was
+ * selected or the dialog was backed out of.
+ * @param user Arbitrary pointer passed to uiConfirmOpen.
+ */
+typedef void (*uiconfirmcallback_t)(const bool_t result, void *user);
+
+typedef struct {
+  uilabel_t textLabel;
+  uimenu_t menu;
+  uimenuitem_t items[UI_CONFIRM_ITEM_COUNT];
+  uiconfirmcallback_t callback;
+  void *user;
+  bool_t result;
+  uiframecache_t frameCache;
+} uiconfirm_t;
+
+extern uiconfirm_t UI_CONFIRM;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the confirm dialog.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConfirmInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the confirm dialog: a semi-transparent black backdrop covering
+ * the whole screen, then its own centered frame with the question text
+ * and Confirm/Cancel buttons. No-op when not open.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConfirmDraw(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when the confirm dialog is currently open.
+ *
+ * @returns True if open.
+ */
+bool_t uiConfirmIsOpen(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the result of the most recently dismissed confirm dialog.
+ *
+ * @returns True if Confirm was selected, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t uiConfirmGetResult(void);
+
+/**
+ * Opens the confirm dialog with the given question text. callback is
+ * invoked exactly once with the result, whether the dialog was
+ * dismissed by selecting a button or by pressing cancel/back.
+ *
+ * @param question Display text; copied internally, safe to be transient.
+ * @param callback Called with the result once the dialog closes. May be
+ * NULL.
+ * @param user Arbitrary pointer passed through to callback.
+ */
+void uiConfirmOpen(
+  const char_t *question,
+  uiconfirmcallback_t callback,
+  void *user
+);
+
+/**
+ * Closes the confirm dialog. No-op when already closed.
+ */
+void uiConfirmClose(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the confirm dialog.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConfirmDispose(void);
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ errorret_t uiFrameInit(void) {
  memoryZero(&UI_FRAME, sizeof(uiframe_t));
  
  // Init texture.
-  color_t border = color4b(0, 100, 220, 255);
-  color_t center = color4b(0, 100, 220, 200);
+  color_t border = color4b(0, 50, 255, 255);
+  color_t center = color4b(0, 100, 220, 240);

  for(uint8_t y = 0; y < UI_FRAME_TEXTURE_HEIGHT_POW2; y++) {
    for(uint8_t x = 0; x < UI_FRAME_TEXTURE_WIDTH_POW2; x++) {
@@ -72,6 +72,17 @@ errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
    }
  };
  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
+  uiFrameBuildSprites(sprites, x, y, width, height);
+  return spriteBatchBuffer(sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
+}
+
+void uiFrameBuildSprites(
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9],
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+) {
  float_t tileW = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH;
  float_t tileH = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT;

@@ -112,8 +123,37 @@ errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
    &UI_FRAME.tileset, 2, 2,
    x + width - tileW, y + height - tileH, tileW, tileH
  );
+}

-  return spriteBatchBuffer(sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
+errorret_t uiFrameDrawCached(
+  uiframecache_t *cache,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+) {
+  assertNotNull(cache, "Frame cache cannot be NULL");
+
+  if(
+    !cache->built ||
+    cache->lastX != x || cache->lastY != y ||
+    cache->lastWidth != width || cache->lastHeight != height
+  ) {
+    uiFrameBuildSprites(cache->sprites, x, y, width, height);
+    cache->lastX = x;
+    cache->lastY = y;
+    cache->lastWidth = width;
+    cache->lastHeight = height;
+    cache->built = true;
+  }
+
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = COLOR_WHITE,
+      .texture = &UI_FRAME.texture
+    }
+  };
+  return spriteBatchBuffer(cache->sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
 }

 errorret_t uiFrameDispose(void) {
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/texture/tileset.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
+
+#define UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH 6
+#define UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT 6
+#define UI_FRAME_PADDING_X 2
+#define UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y 2
+#define UI_FRAME_START_X (UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH + UI_FRAME_PADDING_X)
+#define UI_FRAME_START_Y (UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT + UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y)
+#define UI_FRAME_TILE_WIDTH 1
+#define UI_FRAME_TILE_HEIGHT 1
+#define UI_FRAME_TEXTURE_WIDTH (UI_FRAME_TILE_WIDTH * 3)
+#define UI_FRAME_TEXTURE_HEIGHT (UI_FRAME_TILE_HEIGHT * 3)
+#define UI_FRAME_TEXTURE_WIDTH_POW2 4
+#define UI_FRAME_TEXTURE_HEIGHT_POW2 4 
+
+typedef struct {
+  tileset_t tileset;
+  texture_t texture;
+  color_t pixels[UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH * UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT];
+} uiframe_t;
+
+extern uiframe_t UI_FRAME;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the global UI_FRAME: builds the dummy texture and
+ * configures the tileset. Call once after displayInit().
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFrameInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Draws UI_FRAME using 9-slice rendering from its 3x3 tileset.
+ * Pushes quads to the sprite batch without flushing.
+ *
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @param width Total width of the frame.
+ * @param height Total height of the frame.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+);
+
+/**
+ * Builds the 9 sprites for a 9-slice frame at the given rect. Used
+ * internally by uiFrameDraw and uiFrameDrawCached -- call directly only
+ * if you need the raw sprites instead of buffering them.
+ *
+ * @param sprites Destination array of exactly 9 sprites.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @param width Total width of the frame.
+ * @param height Total height of the frame.
+ */
+void uiFrameBuildSprites(
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9],
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+);
+
+/**
+ * A frame's cached 9-slice sprites, plus the rect they were built for.
+ * Owned by whichever widget/screen draws a frame repeatedly (dialogs,
+ * textboxes, settings panels) so uiFrameDrawCached can skip rebuilding
+ * the sprites when the rect hasn't moved since the last draw.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
+  bool_t built;
+  float_t lastX;
+  float_t lastY;
+  float_t lastWidth;
+  float_t lastHeight;
+} uiframecache_t;
+
+/**
+ * Draws a 9-slice frame using a caller-owned cache, only rebuilding the
+ * sprites (via uiFrameBuildSprites) when x/y/width/height differ from
+ * the last call -- unlike uiFrameDraw, which rebuilds unconditionally
+ * every time. Prefer this for frames redrawn every frame at a fixed or
+ * rarely-changing rect (dialogs, panels); use plain uiFrameDraw for
+ * genuinely one-off or per-frame-varying rects.
+ *
+ * @param cache Caller-owned cache, zero-initialized before first use.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @param width Total width of the frame.
+ * @param height Total height of the frame.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFrameDrawCached(
+  uiframecache_t *cache,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the global UI_FRAME, releasing its GPU texture.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFrameDispose(void);
@@ -85,5 +85,5 @@ errorret_t uiCropDraw(void) {
    }
  };
  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(sprites, count, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
-  return spriteBatchFlush();
+  errorOk();
 }
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ errorret_t uiFullboxDraw(uifullbox_t *fullbox) {
    }
  };
  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
-  return spriteBatchFlush();
+  errorOk();
 }

 void uiFullboxTransition(
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include "time/time.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
-#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "uifullbox.h"

 #define UI_LOADING_TEXT "loading"
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@ uiloading_t UI_LOADING;

 errorret_t uiLoadingInit(void) {
  memoryZero(&UI_LOADING, sizeof(uiloading_t));
+  uiLabelInit(&UI_LOADING.textLabel, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiLabelSetText(&UI_LOADING.textLabel, UI_LOADING_TEXT);
  eventInit(
    &UI_LOADING.onTransitionEnd,
    UI_LOADING.onTransitionEndCallbacks,
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ errorret_t uiLoadingDraw(void) {
  if(alpha <= 0.0f) errorOk();

  int32_t textW, textH;
-  textMeasure(UI_LOADING_TEXT, &FONT_DEFAULT, &textW, &textH);
+  uiLabelGetSize(&UI_LOADING.textLabel, &textW, &textH);

  float_t x = (float_t)(SCREEN.scanX + SCREEN.scanWidth) -
    (float_t)textW - UI_LOADING_MARGIN;
@@ -62,9 +63,10 @@ errorret_t uiLoadingDraw(void) {

  color_t color = COLOR_WHITE;
  color.a = (uint8_t)(alpha * 255.0f);
+  uiLabelSetColor(&UI_LOADING.textLabel, color);

-  errorChain(textDraw(x, y, UI_LOADING_TEXT, color, &FONT_DEFAULT));
-  return spriteBatchFlush();
+  errorChain(uiLabelDraw(&UI_LOADING.textLabel, x, y));
+  errorOk();
 }

 static void uiLoadingTransition(
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "event/event.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"

 #define UI_LOADING_FADE_DURATION 0.5f
 #define UI_LOADING_MARGIN 8.0f
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ typedef struct {
  eventcallback_t onTransitionEndCallbacks[4];
  void *onTransitionEndUsers[4];
  event_t onTransitionEnd;
+  uilabel_t textLabel;
 } uiloading_t;

 extern uiloading_t UI_LOADING;
@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@ errorret_t uiTransitionFadeDraw(const uitransitiondata_t *data) {
    }
  };
  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
-  return spriteBatchFlush();
+  errorOk();
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ui.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "ui/uielement.h"
+#include "ui/focus/uifocus.h"
+
+ui_t UI;
+
+errorret_t uiInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&UI, sizeof(ui_t));
+  uiFocusInit();
+  uiElementsSort();
+
+  uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
+  while(!uiElementIsNull(element)) {
+    errorChain(uiElementInit(element));
+    element++;
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiUpdate(void) {
+  uiFocusUpdate();
+
+  uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
+  while(!uiElementIsNull(element)) {
+    errorChain(uiElementUpdate(element));
+    element++;
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiRender(void) {
+  const uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
+  while(!uiElementIsNull(element)) {
+    errorChain(uiElementDraw(element));
+    element++;
+  }
+
+  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiDispose(void) {
+  uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
+  while(!uiElementIsNull(element)) {
+    errorChain(uiElementDispose(element));
+    element++;
+  }
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  void *nothing;
+} ui_t;
+
+extern ui_t UI;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the UI system.
+ */
+errorret_t uiInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the UI system.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Renders the UI system.
+ * 
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiRender(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the UI system.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiDispose(void);
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uielement.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/sort.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/debug/uifps.h"
+#include "engine/engine.h"
+#include "ui/overlay/uifullbox.h"
+#include "ui/overlay/uiloading.h"
+#include "ui/overlay/uicrop.h"
+#include "ui/transition/uitransition.h"
+#include "ui/debug/uiconsole.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiconfirm.h"
+
+// Priming pass: X does nothing here, so this only exists to process any
+// #include directives nested in uielementlist.h/ui/uielementgame.h at
+// file scope (each such header's own #pragma once makes it a no-op on
+// the real pass below, which happens inside UI_ELEMENTS[]'s braces,
+// where a raw #include of a declaration would be invalid).
+#define X(initFn, updateFn, drawFn, disposeFn, order) // do nothing
+#include "uielementlist.h"
+#undef X
+
+uielement_t UI_ELEMENTS[] = {
+  #define X(initFn, updateFn, drawFn, disposeFn, elementOrder) \
+    { \
+      .init = initFn, .update = updateFn, .draw = drawFn, \
+      .dispose = disposeFn, .order = elementOrder \
+    },
+  #include "uielementlist.h"
+  #undef X
+
+  { 0 } // Null terminator
+};
+
+bool_t uiElementIsNull(const uielement_t *element) {
+  return element->init == NULL &&
+    element->update == NULL &&
+    element->draw == NULL &&
+    element->dispose == NULL;
+}
+
+int_t uiElementCompareOrder(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  const uielement_t *elementA = (const uielement_t *)a;
+  const uielement_t *elementB = (const uielement_t *)b;
+  if(elementA->order < elementB->order) return -1;
+  if(elementA->order > elementB->order) return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void uiElementsSort(void) {
+  // The trailing null terminator is always the last static entry -- sort
+  // everything before it, and leave it in place.
+  const size_t count = (sizeof(UI_ELEMENTS) / sizeof(UI_ELEMENTS[0])) - 1;
+  sortBubble(UI_ELEMENTS, count, sizeof(uielement_t), uiElementCompareOrder);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiElementInit(uielement_t *element) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->init != NULL) errorChain(element->init());
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiElementUpdate(uielement_t *element) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->update != NULL) errorChain(element->update());
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiElementDraw(const uielement_t *element) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->draw != NULL) errorChain(element->draw());
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiElementDispose(uielement_t *element) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->dispose != NULL) errorChain(element->dispose());
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+// Built-in order tiers. Lower values update/render first; ties preserve
+// their relative UI_ELEMENTS declaration order (uiElementsSort uses a
+// stable sort). Game-specific elements can use any int32_t value -- these
+// are just the ones the engine itself relies on.
+#define UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT 0
+#define UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEBUG   1000
+
+typedef struct {
+  errorret_t (*init)();
+  errorret_t (*update)();
+  errorret_t (*draw)();
+  errorret_t (*dispose)();
+  int32_t order;
+} uielement_t;
+
+extern uielement_t UI_ELEMENTS[];
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when all four callbacks on the element are NULL,
+ * which marks the end of the UI_ELEMENTS array.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to test.
+ * @returns True if the element is the null terminator.
+ */
+bool_t uiElementIsNull(const uielement_t *element);
+
+/**
+ * Compares two elements by their .order field, ascending. Matches
+ * sortcompare_t, for use with the project's sort utilities.
+ *
+ * @param a First uielement_t to compare.
+ * @param b Second uielement_t to compare.
+ * @return Negative if a < b, zero if a == b, positive if a > b.
+ */
+int_t uiElementCompareOrder(const void *a, const void *b);
+
+/**
+ * Stably sorts UI_ELEMENTS in place by .order, ascending. The trailing
+ * null terminator is never moved. Called once by uiInit -- element order
+ * is static after that, so there's no need to re-sort every frame.
+ */
+void uiElementsSort(void);
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a UI element, invoking its init callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to initialize.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiElementInit(uielement_t *element);
+
+/**
+ * Updates a UI element, calling its update callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to update.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiElementUpdate(uielement_t *element);
+
+/**
+ * Draws a UI element, calling its draw callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to render.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiElementDraw(const uielement_t *element);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of a UI element, invoking its dispose callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to dispose.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiElementDispose(uielement_t *element);
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+// X(init, update, draw, dispose, order) -- pass NULL for any callback the
+// element doesn't need. order controls update/draw sequence (lower first,
+// see UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_* in uielement.h); ties preserve declaration order.
+// See uielement.c for how this expands.
+
+X(uiFrameInit, NULL, NULL, uiFrameDispose, UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT)
+
+// Fullbox under: above scene, below system UI.
+X(
+  uiFullboxUnderInit, uiFullboxUnderUpdate, uiFullboxUnderDraw, NULL,
+  UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT
+)
+
+// Text stuffs
+X(uiConfirmInit, NULL, uiConfirmDraw, uiConfirmDispose, UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT)
+
+X(
+  uiTransitionInit, uiTransitionUpdate, uiTransitionDraw, NULL,
+  UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT
+)
+
+// Fullbox over: above absolutely everything (except debug).
+X(
+  uiFullboxOverInit, uiFullboxOverUpdate, uiFullboxOverDraw, NULL,
+  UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT
+)
+
+X(
+  uiLoadingInit, uiLoadingUpdate, uiLoadingDraw, NULL,
+  UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT
+)
+
+X(uiCropInit, NULL, uiCropDraw, NULL, UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEFAULT)
+
+// Debug items -- always last.
+X(NULL, NULL, uiConsoleDraw, uiConsoleDispose, UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEBUG)
+X(uiFPSInit, NULL, uiFPSDraw, NULL, UI_ELEMENT_ORDER_DEBUG)
+
+// Game-specific UI elements (duskrpg)
+#include "ui/uielementgame.h"
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    uibutton.c
+    uicheckbox.c
+    uitab.c
+    uislider.c
+    uidropdown.c
+    uiscrolling.c
+    uimenu.c
+    uilabel.c
+    uiwidgetlabel.c
+)
@@ -7,16 +7,15 @@

 #include "uibutton.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
-#include "util/memory.h"
-#include "util/string.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/color.h"

 void uiButtonInit(uibutton_t *button, const char_t *label) {
  assertNotNull(button, "Button cannot be NULL");
  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
-  memoryZero(button, sizeof(uibutton_t));
-  button->label = label;
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&button->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&button->label, label);
+  button->highlighted = false;
 }

 bool_t uiButtonIsHighlighted(const uibutton_t *button) {
@@ -27,6 +26,9 @@ bool_t uiButtonIsHighlighted(const uibutton_t *button) {
 void uiButtonSetHighlighted(uibutton_t *button, const bool_t highlighted) {
  assertNotNull(button, "Button cannot be NULL");
  button->highlighted = highlighted;
+  uiWidgetLabelSetColor(
+    &button->label, highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE
+  );
 }

 errorret_t uiButtonDraw(
@@ -35,10 +37,6 @@ errorret_t uiButtonDraw(
  const float_t y
 ) {
  assertNotNull(button, "Button cannot be NULL");
-  errorChain(textDraw(
-    x, y, button->label,
-    button->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE,
-    &FONT_DEFAULT
-  ));
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(&button->label, x, y));
  errorOk();
 }
@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@

 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"

 typedef struct {
-  const char_t *label;
+  uiwidgetlabel_t label;
  bool_t highlighted;
 } uibutton_t;

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@ void uiCheckboxInit(
  const char_t *label
 ) {
  memoryZero(checkbox, sizeof(uicheckbox_t));
-  checkbox->label = label;
+  checkbox->rawLabel = label;
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&checkbox->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiCheckboxRebuildLabel(checkbox);
 }

 bool_t uiCheckboxIsChecked(const uicheckbox_t *checkbox) {
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ bool_t uiCheckboxIsChecked(const uicheckbox_t *checkbox) {

 void uiCheckboxSetChecked(uicheckbox_t *checkbox, const bool_t checked) {
  checkbox->checked = checked;
+  uiCheckboxRebuildLabel(checkbox);
 }

 void uiCheckboxToggle(uicheckbox_t *checkbox) {
@@ -37,6 +40,9 @@ bool_t uiCheckboxIsHighlighted(const uicheckbox_t *checkbox) {

 void uiCheckboxSetHighlighted(uicheckbox_t *checkbox, const bool_t highlighted) {
  checkbox->highlighted = highlighted;
+  uiWidgetLabelSetColor(
+    &checkbox->label, highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE
+  );
 }

 errorret_t uiCheckboxDraw(
@@ -44,15 +50,15 @@ errorret_t uiCheckboxDraw(
  const float_t x,
  const float_t y
 ) {
-  color_t color = checkbox->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE;
-  const char_t *mark = checkbox->checked ? "Y " : "N ";
-  errorChain(textDraw(x, y, mark, color, &FONT_DEFAULT));
-
-  int32_t markW, markH;
-  textMeasure(mark, &FONT_DEFAULT, &markW, &markH);
-  errorChain(textDraw(
-    x + (float_t)markW, y, checkbox->label, color, &FONT_DEFAULT
-  ));
-
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(&checkbox->label, x, y));
  errorOk();
 }
+
+void uiCheckboxRebuildLabel(uicheckbox_t *checkbox) {
+  char_t combined[UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  stringFormat(
+    combined, UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX - 1, "%s %s",
+    checkbox->checked ? "Y" : "N", checkbox->rawLabel
+  );
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&checkbox->label, combined);
+}
@@ -7,9 +7,11 @@

 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"

 typedef struct uicheckbox_s {
-  const char_t *label;
+  const char_t *rawLabel;
+  uiwidgetlabel_t label;
  bool_t checked;
  bool_t highlighted;
 } uicheckbox_t;
@@ -77,3 +79,12 @@ errorret_t uiCheckboxDraw(
  const float_t x,
  const float_t y
 );
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the checkbox's cached label ("Y "/"N " mark plus rawLabel)
+ * from its current checked state. Called internally whenever checked
+ * changes.
+ *
+ * @param checkbox The checkbox to update.
+ */
+void uiCheckboxRebuildLabel(uicheckbox_t *checkbox);
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uidropdown.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+
+void uiDropdownInit(
+  uidropdown_t *dropdown,
+  const char_t *label,
+  const char_t *const *options,
+  const uint8_t optionCount,
+  const uint8_t selectedIndex
+) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(options, "Options cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(optionCount > 0, "Dropdown must have at least one option");
+
+  memoryZero(dropdown, sizeof(uidropdown_t));
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&dropdown->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&dropdown->label, label);
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&dropdown->value, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  dropdown->options = options;
+  dropdown->optionCount = optionCount;
+  dropdown->selectedIndex = selectedIndex < optionCount ? selectedIndex : 0;
+  uiDropdownRebuildValue(dropdown);
+}
+
+uint8_t uiDropdownGetSelectedIndex(const uidropdown_t *dropdown) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  return dropdown->selectedIndex;
+}
+
+const char_t *uiDropdownGetSelectedOption(const uidropdown_t *dropdown) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  return dropdown->options[dropdown->selectedIndex];
+}
+
+void uiDropdownSetSelectedIndex(uidropdown_t *dropdown, const uint8_t index) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(index < dropdown->optionCount, "Dropdown index out of range");
+  dropdown->selectedIndex = index;
+  uiDropdownRebuildValue(dropdown);
+}
+
+void uiDropdownStepNext(uidropdown_t *dropdown) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  dropdown->selectedIndex =
+    (dropdown->selectedIndex + 1) % dropdown->optionCount;
+  uiDropdownRebuildValue(dropdown);
+}
+
+void uiDropdownStepPrev(uidropdown_t *dropdown) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  dropdown->selectedIndex = dropdown->selectedIndex == 0 ?
+    dropdown->optionCount - 1 : dropdown->selectedIndex - 1;
+  uiDropdownRebuildValue(dropdown);
+}
+
+bool_t uiDropdownIsHighlighted(const uidropdown_t *dropdown) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  return dropdown->highlighted;
+}
+
+void uiDropdownSetHighlighted(
+  uidropdown_t *dropdown,
+  const bool_t highlighted
+) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+  dropdown->highlighted = highlighted;
+  color_t color = highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE;
+  uiWidgetLabelSetColor(&dropdown->label, color);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetColor(&dropdown->value, color);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiDropdownDraw(
+  const uidropdown_t *dropdown,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+) {
+  assertNotNull(dropdown, "Dropdown cannot be NULL");
+
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(&dropdown->label, x, y));
+
+  int32_t labelW, labelH;
+  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&dropdown->label, &labelW, &labelH);
+
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(
+    &dropdown->value, x + (float_t)labelW + UI_DROPDOWN_GAP, y
+  ));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiDropdownRebuildValue(uidropdown_t *dropdown) {
+  char_t valueText[UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  stringFormat(
+    valueText, UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX - 1, "< %s >",
+    uiDropdownGetSelectedOption(dropdown)
+  );
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&dropdown->value, valueText);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
+
+#define UI_DROPDOWN_GAP 4.0f
+
+typedef struct {
+  uiwidgetlabel_t label;
+  uiwidgetlabel_t value;
+  const char_t *const *options;
+  uint8_t optionCount;
+  uint8_t selectedIndex;
+  bool_t highlighted;
+} uidropdown_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a dropdown.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to initialize.
+ * @param label Display label.
+ * @param options Array of option display strings; caller-owned, must
+ * outlive the dropdown.
+ * @param optionCount Number of entries in options. Must be > 0.
+ * @param selectedIndex Initial selected option index, clamped to
+ * [0, optionCount - 1].
+ */
+void uiDropdownInit(
+  uidropdown_t *dropdown,
+  const char_t *label,
+  const char_t *const *options,
+  const uint8_t optionCount,
+  const uint8_t selectedIndex
+);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the index of the currently selected option.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to query.
+ * @returns The selected option index.
+ */
+uint8_t uiDropdownGetSelectedIndex(const uidropdown_t *dropdown);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the currently selected option's display string.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to query.
+ * @returns The selected option string.
+ */
+const char_t *uiDropdownGetSelectedOption(const uidropdown_t *dropdown);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the selected option by index.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to update.
+ * @param index The new selected option index. Must be < optionCount.
+ */
+void uiDropdownSetSelectedIndex(uidropdown_t *dropdown, const uint8_t index);
+
+/**
+ * Selects the next option, wrapping around to the first option past
+ * the last.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to update.
+ */
+void uiDropdownStepNext(uidropdown_t *dropdown);
+
+/**
+ * Selects the previous option, wrapping around to the last option
+ * before the first.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to update.
+ */
+void uiDropdownStepPrev(uidropdown_t *dropdown);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether the dropdown is highlighted.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to query.
+ * @returns True if highlighted.
+ */
+bool_t uiDropdownIsHighlighted(const uidropdown_t *dropdown);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the highlighted state of the dropdown.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to update.
+ * @param highlighted The new highlighted state.
+ */
+void uiDropdownSetHighlighted(
+  uidropdown_t *dropdown,
+  const bool_t highlighted
+);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the dropdown at the given screen position: label, then the
+ * currently selected option surrounded by cycle arrows.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to draw.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiDropdownDraw(
+  const uidropdown_t *dropdown,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the dropdown's cached value label ("< option >") from its
+ * current selectedIndex. Called internally whenever selectedIndex
+ * changes.
+ *
+ * @param dropdown The dropdown to update.
+ */
+void uiDropdownRebuildValue(uidropdown_t *dropdown);
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uilabel.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+
+void uiLabelInit(uilabel_t *label, font_t *font) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(font, "Font cannot be NULL");
+
+  memoryZero(label, sizeof(uilabel_t));
+  label->font = font;
+  label->color = COLOR_WHITE;
+}
+
+void uiLabelSetText(uilabel_t *label, const char_t *text) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(text, "Text cannot be NULL");
+  assertStrLenMax(text, UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX, "Label text too long");
+
+  stringCopy(label->text, text, UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX);
+  label->spriteCount = textBuildSpriteCache(
+    label->text, label->font, label->sprites, UI_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX,
+    &label->width, &label->height
+  );
+}
+
+void uiLabelSetColor(uilabel_t *label, const color_t color) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  label->color = color;
+}
+
+void uiLabelGetSize(
+  const uilabel_t *label,
+  int32_t *outWidth,
+  int32_t *outHeight
+) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(outWidth, "Output width cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(outHeight, "Output height cannot be NULL");
+  *outWidth = label->width;
+  *outHeight = label->height;
+}
+
+errorret_t uiLabelDraw(
+  const uilabel_t *label,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  if(label->spriteCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  // Cached sprites are relative to (0,0); textDrawSpriteCache translates
+  // into the requested screen position here instead of in
+  // uiLabelSetText, so a label can be repositioned every frame without
+  // rebuilding the (much more expensive) glyph/UV cache.
+  spritebatchsprite_t scratch[UI_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX];
+  errorChain(textDrawSpriteCache(
+    label->sprites, label->spriteCount, scratch, x, y, label->color,
+    label->font->texture
+  ));
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "display/text/font.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+
+#define UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX 256
+#define UI_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX
+
+typedef struct {
+  char_t text[UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  color_t color;
+  font_t *font;
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[UI_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX];
+  uint32_t spriteCount;
+  int32_t width;
+  int32_t height;
+} uilabel_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a label, defaulting to white text and no text set.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to initialize.
+ * @param font Font to use for rendering. Must outlive the label.
+ */
+void uiLabelInit(uilabel_t *label, font_t *font);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the label's text, rebuilding its cached sprites (glyph lookup, UV,
+ * and layout) immediately. This is the only way the sprite cache gets
+ * rebuilt -- uiLabelDraw never recomputes it, so call this whenever the
+ * text changes rather than once up front and expecting it to stay in sync.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to update.
+ * @param text Null-terminated string to display. Must be shorter than
+ * UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX.
+ */
+void uiLabelSetText(uilabel_t *label, const char_t *text);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the label's tint color. Cheap -- doesn't touch the sprite cache,
+ * since color is applied via the draw material, not baked into sprites.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to update.
+ * @param color The new tint color.
+ */
+void uiLabelSetColor(uilabel_t *label, const color_t color);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the measured size (in pixels) of the label's current text, cached
+ * from the last uiLabelSetText call.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to query.
+ * @param outWidth Pointer to store the width.
+ * @param outHeight Pointer to store the height.
+ */
+void uiLabelGetSize(
+  const uilabel_t *label,
+  int32_t *outWidth,
+  int32_t *outHeight
+);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the label's cached sprites at the given screen position in a
+ * single batched buffer call. Does not recompute glyph layout -- call
+ * uiLabelSetText first whenever the text changes.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to draw.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiLabelDraw(
+  const uilabel_t *label,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+);
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/color.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uibutton.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uitab.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uislider.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uidropdown.h"

 void uiMenuInit(
  uimenu_t *menu,
@@ -61,6 +65,7 @@ void uiMenuOpen(uimenu_t *menu) {
    uiMenuFocusSelected,
    uiMenuFocusChanged,
    uiMenuFocusClosed,
+    uiMenuFocusDirection,
    menu
  );
 }
@@ -98,12 +103,8 @@ errorret_t uiMenuDraw(

    if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_LABEL) {
      if(col > 0) { row++; col = 0; }
-      errorChain(textDraw(
-        x,
-        y + (float_t)row * rowHeight,
-        item->label,
-        COLOR_WHITE,
-        &FONT_DEFAULT
+      errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(
+        &item->label, x, y + (float_t)row * rowHeight
      ));
      row++;
      continue;
@@ -127,6 +128,18 @@ errorret_t uiMenuDraw(
        errorChain(uiButtonDraw(&item->button, ix, iy));
        break;

+      case UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_TAB:
+        errorChain(uiTabDraw(&item->tab, ix, iy));
+        break;
+
+      case UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SLIDER:
+        errorChain(uiSliderDraw(&item->slider, ix, iy));
+        break;
+
+      case UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_DROPDOWN:
+        errorChain(uiDropdownDraw(&item->dropdown, ix, iy));
+        break;
+
      default:
        break;
    }
@@ -166,12 +179,7 @@ bool_t uiMenuFocusChanged(const uifocusitem_t *focusItem) {
      item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_LABEL ||
      item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SPACER
    ) continue;
-    bool_t isActive = (slot == focusSlot);
-    if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_CHECKBOX) {
-      uiCheckboxSetHighlighted(&item->checkbox, isActive);
-    } else if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_BUTTON) {
-      uiButtonSetHighlighted(&item->button, isActive);
-    }
+    uiMenuItemSetHighlighted(item, slot == focusSlot);
    slot++;
  }

@@ -188,10 +196,59 @@ bool_t uiMenuFocusClosed(const uifocusitem_t *focusItem) {
  assertNotNull(focusItem->user, "Focus item user cannot be NULL");
  uimenu_t *menu = (uimenu_t *)focusItem->user;
  menu->focusItem = NULL;
+
+  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < menu->itemCount; i++) {
+    uiMenuItemSetHighlighted(&menu->items[i], false);
+  }
+
  if(menu->closed != NULL) menu->closed(menu);
  return true;
 }

+bool_t uiMenuFocusDirection(
+  const uifocusitem_t *focusItem,
+  const uifocusdirection_t direction
+) {
+  assertNotNull(focusItem, "Focus item cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(focusItem->user, "Focus item user cannot be NULL");
+  if(direction != UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT && direction != UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uimenu_t *menu = (uimenu_t *)focusItem->user;
+  uint8_t slot = focusItem->y * menu->columns + focusItem->x;
+  uint8_t index = uiMenuFocusSlotToIndex(menu, slot);
+  if(index == 0xFF) return false;
+
+  uimenuitem_t *item = &menu->items[index];
+  bool_t right = direction == UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT;
+
+  if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SLIDER) {
+    if(right) {
+      uiSliderStepUp(&item->slider);
+    } else {
+      uiSliderStepDown(&item->slider);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_CHECKBOX) {
+    uiCheckboxToggle(&item->checkbox);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_DROPDOWN) {
+    if(right) {
+      uiDropdownStepNext(&item->dropdown);
+    } else {
+      uiDropdownStepPrev(&item->dropdown);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
 uint8_t uiMenuFocusableCount(const uimenu_t *menu) {
  assertNotNull(menu, "Menu cannot be NULL");
  uint8_t count = 0;
@@ -213,3 +270,24 @@ uint8_t uiMenuFocusSlotToIndex(const uimenu_t *menu, const uint8_t slot) {
  }
  return 0xFF;
 }
+
+void uiMenuLabelInit(uimenuitem_t *item, const char_t *text) {
+  assertNotNull(item, "Item cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(text, "Text cannot be NULL");
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&item->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&item->label, text);
+}
+
+void uiMenuItemSetHighlighted(uimenuitem_t *item, const bool_t highlighted) {
+  if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_CHECKBOX) {
+    uiCheckboxSetHighlighted(&item->checkbox, highlighted);
+  } else if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_BUTTON) {
+    uiButtonSetHighlighted(&item->button, highlighted);
+  } else if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_TAB) {
+    uiTabSetActive(&item->tab, highlighted);
+  } else if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SLIDER) {
+    uiSliderSetHighlighted(&item->slider, highlighted);
+  } else if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_DROPDOWN) {
+    uiDropdownSetHighlighted(&item->dropdown, highlighted);
+  }
+}
@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "ui/focus/uifocus.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uibutton.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uicheckbox.h"
-
-#define UI_MENU_LABEL_MAX UI_CHECKBOX_LABEL_MAX
+#include "ui/widget/uitab.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uislider.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uidropdown.h"

 typedef struct uimenu_s uimenu_t;

@@ -21,14 +23,20 @@ typedef enum {
  UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SPACER,
  UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_CHECKBOX,
  UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_BUTTON,
+  UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_TAB,
+  UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SLIDER,
+  UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_DROPDOWN,
 } uimenuwidgettype_t;

 typedef struct {
  uimenuwidgettype_t type;
  union {
-    char_t *label;
+    uiwidgetlabel_t label;
    uicheckbox_t checkbox;
    uibutton_t button;
+    uitab_t tab;
+    uislider_t slider;
+    uidropdown_t dropdown;
  };
 } uimenuitem_t;

@@ -55,6 +63,8 @@ typedef struct uimenu_s {
  uimenuselectedcallback_t selected;
  uimenuclosedcallback_t closed;
  uimenuchangedcallback_t changed;
+
+  void *user;
 } uimenu_t;

 /**
@@ -157,6 +167,25 @@ uint8_t uiMenuFocusableCount(const uimenu_t *menu);
 */
 uint8_t uiMenuFocusSlotToIndex(const uimenu_t *menu, const uint8_t slot);

+/**
+ * Sets the highlighted/active state on a menu item, dispatching to the
+ * matching widget's setter based on its type. No-op for label/spacer
+ * items and any other type with no highlight concept.
+ *
+ * @param item The item to update.
+ * @param highlighted The new highlighted/active state.
+ */
+void uiMenuItemSetHighlighted(uimenuitem_t *item, const bool_t highlighted);
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a menu item as a standalone label, caching its text.
+ * Used internally by the MENU_LABEL helper macro.
+ *
+ * @param item The item to initialize.
+ * @param text Display text.
+ */
+void uiMenuLabelInit(uimenuitem_t *item, const char_t *text);
+
 /**
 * Internal focus callback  -  forwards selection to the menu's selected handler.
 *
@@ -180,3 +209,84 @@ bool_t uiMenuFocusChanged(const uifocusitem_t *focusItem);
 * @returns True.
 */
 bool_t uiMenuFocusClosed(const uifocusitem_t *focusItem);
+
+/**
+ * Internal focus callback  -  gives the focused item's widget a chance to
+ * handle LEFT/RIGHT itself (e.g. a slider adjusting its value) before
+ * falling back to the default cell-to-cell movement.
+ *
+ * @param focusItem The active focus item; user field must point to uimenu_t.
+ * @param direction The direction that was pressed or held.
+ * @returns True if the focused widget handled the direction.
+ */
+bool_t uiMenuFocusDirection(
+  const uifocusitem_t *focusItem,
+  const uifocusdirection_t direction
+);
+
+// Helper macros
+#define MENU_BEGIN(menuPtr, itemsArray, selected, closed, changed) \
+  uimenu_t *menu = (menuPtr); \
+  uiMenuInit(menu, selected, closed, changed); \
+  menu->items = (itemsArray); \
+  uint8_t menuIndex = 0; \
+  uint8_t menuCapacity = sizeof(itemsArray) / sizeof((itemsArray)[0])
+
+#define MENU_LABEL(text) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_LABEL; \
+  uiMenuLabelInit(&menu->items[menuIndex], text); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_SPACER() \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SPACER; \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_CHECKBOX(label) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_CHECKBOX; \
+  uiCheckboxInit(&menu->items[menuIndex].checkbox, label); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_BUTTON(label) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_BUTTON; \
+  uiButtonInit(&menu->items[menuIndex].button, label); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_TAB(label) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_TAB; \
+  uiTabInit(&menu->items[menuIndex].tab, label); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_SLIDER_FLOAT(label, value, min, max, step) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SLIDER; \
+  uiSliderInitFloat( \
+    &menu->items[menuIndex].slider, label, value, min, max, step \
+  ); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_SLIDER_INT(label, value, min, max, step) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_SLIDER; \
+  uiSliderInitInt( \
+    &menu->items[menuIndex].slider, label, value, min, max, step \
+  ); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_DROPDOWN(label, options, optionCount, selectedIndex) \
+  assertTrue(menuIndex < menuCapacity, "Menu item count exceeds capacity"); \
+  menu->items[menuIndex].type = UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_DROPDOWN; \
+  uiDropdownInit( \
+    &menu->items[menuIndex].dropdown, label, options, optionCount, \
+    selectedIndex \
+  ); \
+  ++menuIndex
+
+#define MENU_END(itemsArray, columns) \
+  uiMenuSetItems(menu, (itemsArray), menuIndex, (columns))
+
+//EOF
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uiscrolling.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+void uiScrollingInit(uiscrolling_t *scrolling) {
+  assertNotNull(scrolling, "Scrolling container cannot be NULL");
+  // Nothing to initialize yet -- uiscrolling_t is currently a
+  // placeholder with no fields.
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+
+} uiscrolling_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a scrolling container. Currently a placeholder -- no
+ * scrolling behavior is implemented yet.
+ *
+ * @param scrolling The scrolling container to initialize.
+ */
+void uiScrollingInit(uiscrolling_t *scrolling);
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uislider.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/math.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+
+void uiSliderInitFloat(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const char_t *label,
+  const float_t value,
+  const float_t min,
+  const float_t max,
+  const float_t step
+) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(max > min, "Slider max must be greater than min");
+  assertTrue(step > 0.0f, "Slider step must be greater than zero");
+
+  memoryZero(slider, sizeof(uislider_t));
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&slider->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&slider->label, label);
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&slider->valueLabel, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  slider->type = UI_SLIDER_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  slider->min.f = min;
+  slider->max.f = max;
+  slider->step.f = step;
+  slider->value.f = mathClamp(value, min, max);
+  uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
+}
+
+void uiSliderInitInt(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const char_t *label,
+  const int32_t value,
+  const int32_t min,
+  const int32_t max,
+  const int32_t step
+) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(max > min, "Slider max must be greater than min");
+  assertTrue(step > 0, "Slider step must be greater than zero");
+
+  memoryZero(slider, sizeof(uislider_t));
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&slider->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&slider->label, label);
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&slider->valueLabel, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  slider->type = UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT;
+  slider->min.i = min;
+  slider->max.i = max;
+  slider->step.i = step;
+  slider->value.i = mathClamp(value, min, max);
+  uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
+}
+
+float_t uiSliderGetFloat(const uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  return slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT ?
+    (float_t)slider->value.i : slider->value.f;
+}
+
+int32_t uiSliderGetInt(const uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT, "Slider is not an int slider"
+  );
+  return slider->value.i;
+}
+
+void uiSliderSetFloat(uislider_t *slider, const float_t value) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_FLOAT, "Slider is not a float slider"
+  );
+  slider->value.f = mathClamp(value, slider->min.f, slider->max.f);
+  uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
+}
+
+void uiSliderSetInt(uislider_t *slider, const int32_t value) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT, "Slider is not an int slider"
+  );
+  slider->value.i = mathClamp(value, slider->min.i, slider->max.i);
+  uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
+}
+
+void uiSliderStepUp(uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  if(slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT) {
+    int32_t next = slider->value.i + slider->step.i;
+    uiSliderSetInt(slider, next > slider->max.i ? slider->min.i : next);
+  } else {
+    float_t next = slider->value.f + slider->step.f;
+    uiSliderSetFloat(slider, next > slider->max.f ? slider->min.f : next);
+  }
+}
+
+void uiSliderStepDown(uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  if(slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT) {
+    int32_t next = slider->value.i - slider->step.i;
+    uiSliderSetInt(slider, next < slider->min.i ? slider->max.i : next);
+  } else {
+    float_t next = slider->value.f - slider->step.f;
+    uiSliderSetFloat(slider, next < slider->min.f ? slider->max.f : next);
+  }
+}
+
+float_t uiSliderGetRatio(const uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  if(slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT) {
+    if(slider->max.i == slider->min.i) return 0.0f;
+    return (float_t)(slider->value.i - slider->min.i) /
+      (float_t)(slider->max.i - slider->min.i);
+  }
+
+  if(slider->max.f == slider->min.f) return 0.0f;
+  return (slider->value.f - slider->min.f) / (slider->max.f - slider->min.f);
+}
+
+int32_t uiSliderGetStepCount(const uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  if(slider->type != UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT || slider->step.i <= 0) return 0;
+  return (slider->max.i - slider->min.i) / slider->step.i;
+}
+
+bool_t uiSliderIsHighlighted(const uislider_t *slider) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  return slider->highlighted;
+}
+
+void uiSliderSetHighlighted(uislider_t *slider, const bool_t highlighted) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+  slider->highlighted = highlighted;
+  color_t color = highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE;
+  uiWidgetLabelSetColor(&slider->label, color);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetColor(&slider->valueLabel, color);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiSliderDraw(
+  const uislider_t *slider,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+) {
+  assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
+
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(&slider->label, x, y));
+
+  shadermaterial_t trackMaterial = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = COLOR_DARK_GRAY,
+      .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
+    }
+  };
+  spritebatchsprite_t track = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+    &slider->cachedTrack, x, y
+  );
+  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&track, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, trackMaterial));
+
+  if(slider->cachedFillVisible) {
+    shadermaterial_t fillMaterial = {
+      .unlit = {
+        .color = slider->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE,
+        .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
+      }
+    };
+    spritebatchsprite_t fill = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+      &slider->cachedFill, x, y
+    );
+    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&fill, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, fillMaterial));
+  }
+
+  if(slider->cachedMarkerCount > 0) {
+    spritebatchsprite_t markers[UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX];
+    for(int32_t i = 0; i < slider->cachedMarkerCount; i++) {
+      markers[i] = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(&slider->cachedMarkers[i], x, y);
+    }
+
+    shadermaterial_t markerMaterial = {
+      .unlit = {
+        .color = COLOR_WHITE,
+        .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
+      }
+    };
+    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(
+      markers, slider->cachedMarkerCount, &SHADER_UNLIT, markerMaterial
+    ));
+  }
+
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(
+    &slider->valueLabel,
+    x + slider->cachedTrack.max[0] + UI_SLIDER_GAP,
+    y
+  ));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(uislider_t *slider) {
+  char_t valueText[UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  if(slider->type == UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT) {
+    stringFormat(
+      valueText, UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX - 1, "%d", slider->value.i
+    );
+  } else {
+    stringFormat(
+      valueText, UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX - 1, "%.2f", slider->value.f
+    );
+  }
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&slider->valueLabel, valueText);
+}
+
+void uiSliderRebuildGeometry(uislider_t *slider) {
+  int32_t labelW, labelH;
+  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&slider->label, &labelW, &labelH);
+
+  float_t trackX = (float_t)labelW + UI_SLIDER_GAP;
+  float_t trackY = ((float_t)labelH - UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT) * 0.5f;
+
+  slider->cachedTrack = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+    .min = { trackX, trackY, 0.0f },
+    .max = {
+      trackX + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH, trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT, 0.0f
+    },
+    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+
+  float_t fillWidth = UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * uiSliderGetRatio(slider);
+  slider->cachedFillVisible = fillWidth > 0.0f;
+  if(slider->cachedFillVisible) {
+    slider->cachedFill = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+      .min = { trackX, trackY, 0.0f },
+      .max = { trackX + fillWidth, trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT, 0.0f },
+      .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+      .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+    };
+  }
+
+  int32_t stepCount = uiSliderGetStepCount(slider);
+  if(stepCount > 0 && stepCount < UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX) {
+    for(int32_t i = 0; i <= stepCount; i++) {
+      float_t markerX = trackX +
+        UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * (float_t)i / (float_t)stepCount;
+      slider->cachedMarkers[i] = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+        .min = {
+          markerX - UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+          trackY - UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG,
+          0.0f
+        },
+        .max = {
+          markerX + UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+          trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT + UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG,
+          0.0f
+        },
+        .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+        .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+      };
+    }
+    slider->cachedMarkerCount = stepCount + 1;
+  } else {
+    slider->cachedMarkerCount = 0;
+  }
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
+
+#define UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH 80.0f
+#define UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT 4.0f
+#define UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH 2.0f
+#define UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG 1.0f
+#define UI_SLIDER_GAP 4.0f
+
+/**
+ * Number of discrete steps below which an int slider renders individual
+ * step markers on its track instead of a smooth fill.
+ */
+#define UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX 10
+
+typedef enum {
+  UI_SLIDER_TYPE_FLOAT,
+  UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT,
+
+  UI_SLIDER_TYPE_COUNT
+} uislidertype_t;
+
+typedef union {
+  float_t f;
+  int32_t i;
+} uislidervalue_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  uiwidgetlabel_t label;
+  uiwidgetlabel_t valueLabel;
+  uislidertype_t type;
+  uislidervalue_t value;
+  uislidervalue_t min;
+  uislidervalue_t max;
+  uislidervalue_t step;
+  bool_t highlighted;
+
+  // Track/fill/marker geometry, cached relative to origin (0,0) and only
+  // rebuilt when the value or step configuration changes (see
+  // uiSliderRebuildGeometry) -- uiSliderDraw just translates these into
+  // position instead of re-deriving them every frame.
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedTrack;
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedFill;
+  bool_t cachedFillVisible;
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedMarkers[UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX];
+  int32_t cachedMarkerCount;
+} uislider_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a floating point slider.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to initialize.
+ * @param label Display label.
+ * @param value Initial value, clamped to [min, max].
+ * @param min Minimum value.
+ * @param max Maximum value.
+ * @param step The amount a single step moves the value by.
+ */
+void uiSliderInitFloat(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const char_t *label,
+  const float_t value,
+  const float_t min,
+  const float_t max,
+  const float_t step
+);
+
+/**
+ * Initializes an integer slider.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to initialize.
+ * @param label Display label.
+ * @param value Initial value, clamped to [min, max].
+ * @param min Minimum value.
+ * @param max Maximum value.
+ * @param step The amount a single step moves the value by.
+ */
+void uiSliderInitInt(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const char_t *label,
+  const int32_t value,
+  const int32_t min,
+  const int32_t max,
+  const int32_t step
+);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the slider's current value as a float. Works for both slider
+ * types; int values are widened to float.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to query.
+ * @returns The current value.
+ */
+float_t uiSliderGetFloat(const uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the slider's current value as an int. Only valid for
+ * UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT sliders.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to query.
+ * @returns The current value.
+ */
+int32_t uiSliderGetInt(const uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the slider's value, clamped to [min, max]. Only valid for
+ * UI_SLIDER_TYPE_FLOAT sliders.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ * @param value The new value.
+ */
+void uiSliderSetFloat(uislider_t *slider, const float_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the slider's value, clamped to [min, max]. Only valid for
+ * UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT sliders.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ * @param value The new value.
+ */
+void uiSliderSetInt(uislider_t *slider, const int32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Moves the slider's value up by one step, wrapping around to its min
+ * if the step would exceed its max.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ */
+void uiSliderStepUp(uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Moves the slider's value down by one step, wrapping around to its
+ * max if the step would go below its min.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ */
+void uiSliderStepDown(uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the slider's current value normalized to a 0..1 range based
+ * on its min/max.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to query.
+ * @returns The normalized value.
+ */
+float_t uiSliderGetRatio(const uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the number of discrete steps between min and max. Always 0
+ * for float sliders.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to query.
+ * @returns The step count.
+ */
+int32_t uiSliderGetStepCount(const uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether the slider is highlighted.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to query.
+ * @returns True if highlighted.
+ */
+bool_t uiSliderIsHighlighted(const uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the highlighted state of the slider.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ * @param highlighted The new highlighted state.
+ */
+void uiSliderSetHighlighted(uislider_t *slider, const bool_t highlighted);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the slider at the given screen position: label, then track,
+ * then the current value as text. Int sliders with fewer than
+ * UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX discrete steps render a marker per step
+ * instead of a plain track.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to draw.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiSliderDraw(
+  const uislider_t *slider,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the slider's cached value label from its current value.
+ * Called internally whenever value changes.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ */
+void uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the slider's cached track/fill/marker geometry (relative to
+ * origin (0,0)) from its current label size, value, and step
+ * configuration. Called internally on init and whenever the value
+ * changes -- uiSliderDraw never recomputes this itself.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ */
+void uiSliderRebuildGeometry(uislider_t *slider);
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uitab.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+
+void uiTabInit(uitab_t *tab, const char_t *label) {
+  assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  uiWidgetLabelInit(&tab->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiWidgetLabelSetText(&tab->label, label);
+  tab->active = false;
+  uiTabRebuildBackground(tab);
+}
+
+bool_t uiTabIsActive(const uitab_t *tab) {
+  assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
+  return tab->active;
+}
+
+void uiTabSetActive(uitab_t *tab, const bool_t active) {
+  assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
+  tab->active = active;
+}
+
+errorret_t uiTabDraw(
+  const uitab_t *tab,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+) {
+  assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+    &tab->cachedBackground, x, y
+  );
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = tab->active ? COLOR_GREEN : COLOR_RED,
+      .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
+    }
+  };
+  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
+
+  errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(&tab->label, x, y));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiTabRebuildBackground(uitab_t *tab) {
+  assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
+
+  int32_t labelW, labelH;
+  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&tab->label, &labelW, &labelH);
+  tab->cachedBackground = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+    .min = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .max = { (float_t)labelW, (float_t)labelH, 0.0f },
+    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  uiwidgetlabel_t label;
+  bool_t active;
+
+  // Background quad, cached relative to origin (0,0) from the label's
+  // size at init -- uiTabDraw only translates this into position, since
+  // active/inactive only changes the material color, not the geometry.
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedBackground;
+} uitab_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a tab.
+ *
+ * @param tab The tab to initialize.
+ * @param label Display label.
+ */
+void uiTabInit(uitab_t *tab, const char_t *label);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether the tab is active.
+ *
+ * @param tab The tab to query.
+ * @returns True if active.
+ */
+bool_t uiTabIsActive(const uitab_t *tab);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the active state of the tab.
+ *
+ * @param tab The tab to update.
+ * @param active The new active state.
+ */
+void uiTabSetActive(uitab_t *tab, const bool_t active);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the tab at the given screen position. Active tabs draw with a
+ * green background; inactive tabs draw with a red background.
+ *
+ * @param tab The tab to draw.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiTabDraw(
+  const uitab_t *tab,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the tab's cached background quad (relative to origin (0,0))
+ * from its current label size. Called internally by uiTabInit -- the
+ * background's geometry never changes afterwards, since the tab has no
+ * API to change its label text.
+ *
+ * @param tab The tab to update.
+ */
+void uiTabRebuildBackground(uitab_t *tab);
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uiwidgetlabel.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+
+void uiWidgetLabelInit(uiwidgetlabel_t *label, font_t *font) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(font, "Font cannot be NULL");
+
+  memoryZero(label, sizeof(uiwidgetlabel_t));
+  label->font = font;
+  label->color = COLOR_WHITE;
+}
+
+void uiWidgetLabelSetText(uiwidgetlabel_t *label, const char_t *text) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(text, "Text cannot be NULL");
+  assertStrLenMax(text, UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX, "Label text too long");
+
+  stringCopy(label->text, text, UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX);
+  label->spriteCount = textBuildSpriteCache(
+    label->text, label->font, label->sprites,
+    UI_WIDGET_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX, &label->width, &label->height
+  );
+}
+
+void uiWidgetLabelSetColor(uiwidgetlabel_t *label, const color_t color) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  label->color = color;
+}
+
+void uiWidgetLabelGetSize(
+  const uiwidgetlabel_t *label,
+  int32_t *outWidth,
+  int32_t *outHeight
+) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(outWidth, "Output width cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(outHeight, "Output height cannot be NULL");
+  *outWidth = label->width;
+  *outHeight = label->height;
+}
+
+errorret_t uiWidgetLabelDraw(
+  const uiwidgetlabel_t *label,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+) {
+  assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+  if(label->spriteCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t scratch[UI_WIDGET_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX];
+  errorChain(textDrawSpriteCache(
+    label->sprites, label->spriteCount, scratch, x, y, label->color,
+    label->font->texture
+  ));
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "display/text/font.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+
+// A cached, cheap-to-redraw label sized for embedding directly inside
+// small widgets (buttons, checkboxes, sliders, ...) rather than
+// referencing text by pointer and re-deriving glyph geometry every
+// frame. Capacity is intentionally much smaller than uilabel_t's -- it
+// gets embedded by value in every widget instance (and inside
+// uimenuitem_t's union, which is often arrayed), so keeping it small
+// matters on memory-constrained targets. See uilabel_t for the
+// general-purpose, larger-capacity equivalent.
+#define UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX 64
+#define UI_WIDGET_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX
+
+typedef struct {
+  char_t text[UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  color_t color;
+  font_t *font;
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[UI_WIDGET_LABEL_SPRITE_COUNT_MAX];
+  uint32_t spriteCount;
+  int32_t width;
+  int32_t height;
+} uiwidgetlabel_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a widget label, defaulting to white text and no text set.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to initialize.
+ * @param font Font to use for rendering. Must outlive the label.
+ */
+void uiWidgetLabelInit(uiwidgetlabel_t *label, font_t *font);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the label's text, rebuilding its cached sprites immediately.
+ * Call this whenever the displayed text changes -- uiWidgetLabelDraw
+ * never recomputes it.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to update.
+ * @param text Null-terminated string to display. Must be shorter than
+ * UI_WIDGET_LABEL_TEXT_MAX.
+ */
+void uiWidgetLabelSetText(uiwidgetlabel_t *label, const char_t *text);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the label's tint color. Cheap -- doesn't touch the sprite cache.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to update.
+ * @param color The new tint color.
+ */
+void uiWidgetLabelSetColor(uiwidgetlabel_t *label, const color_t color);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the measured size (in pixels) of the label's current text, cached
+ * from the last uiWidgetLabelSetText call.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to query.
+ * @param outWidth Pointer to store the width.
+ * @param outHeight Pointer to store the height.
+ */
+void uiWidgetLabelGetSize(
+  const uiwidgetlabel_t *label,
+  int32_t *outWidth,
+  int32_t *outHeight
+);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the label's cached sprites at the given screen position in a
+ * single batched buffer call. Does not recompute glyph layout.
+ *
+ * @param label The label to draw.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiWidgetLabelDraw(
+  const uiwidgetlabel_t *label,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+);
@@ -16,19 +16,35 @@
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
 #include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"

-void uiTextboxInit(uitextbox_t *box) {
+void uiTextboxInit(
+  uitextbox_t *box,
+  char_t *text,
+  const uint32_t maxLength,
+  uitextboxline_t *lines,
+  const uint32_t linesMax
+) {
  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(text, "Text buffer cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(maxLength >= 1, "maxLength must be at least 1");
+  assertNotNull(lines, "Lines buffer cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(linesMax >= 1, "linesMax must be at least 1");
  memoryZero(box, sizeof(uitextbox_t));
+  box->text = text;
+  box->maxLength = maxLength;
+  box->lines = lines;
+  box->linesMax = linesMax;
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = -1;
 }

 void uiTextboxSetText(uitextbox_t *box, const char_t *text) {
  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");
  assertNotNull(text, "Text cannot be NULL");
-  stringCopy(box->text, text, UI_TEXTBOX_TEXT_MAX);
+  stringCopy(box->text, text, box->maxLength);
  box->currentPage = 0;
  box->scroll = 0;
  box->layoutWidth = 0.0f;
  box->layoutHeight = 0.0f;
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = -1;
 }

 void uiTextboxBuildLayout(
@@ -38,6 +54,7 @@ void uiTextboxBuildLayout(
 ) {
  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");

+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = -1;
  box->layoutWidth = width;
  box->layoutHeight = height;
  box->lineCount = 0;
@@ -60,12 +77,12 @@ void uiTextboxBuildLayout(
  char_t *src = box->text;
  int32_t i = 0;

-  while(src[i] != '\0' && box->lineCount < UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_MAX) {
+  while(src[i] != '\0' && box->lineCount < (int32_t)box->linesMax) {
    if(src[i] == '\t') {
      i++;
      int32_t rem = box->lineCount % box->linesPerPage;
      int32_t pad = rem > 0 ? box->linesPerPage - rem : 0;
-      while(pad > 0 && box->lineCount < UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_MAX) {
+      while(pad > 0 && box->lineCount < (int32_t)box->linesMax) {
        box->lines[box->lineCount].start = i;
        box->lines[box->lineCount].count = 0;
        box->lineCount++;
@@ -124,9 +141,9 @@ void uiTextboxBuildLayout(
 errorret_t uiTextboxUpdate(uitextbox_t *box) {
  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");

-#ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
-  if(TIME.dynamicUpdate) errorOk();
-#endif
+  #ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+    if(TIME.dynamicUpdate) errorOk();
+  #endif

  if(!uiTextboxPageIsComplete(box)) {
    box->scroll += UI_TEXTBOX_SCROLL_CHARS_PER_TICK;
@@ -144,24 +161,41 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(
 ) {
  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");

-  float_t borderW = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH;
-  float_t borderH = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT;
-  float_t contentX = x + borderW;
-  float_t contentY = y + borderH;
-  float_t contentW = width - 2.0f * borderW;
-  float_t contentH = height - 2.0f * borderH;
+  float_t startX = (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_X;
+  float_t startY = (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+  float_t contentX = x + startX;
+  float_t contentY = y + startY;
+  float_t contentW = width - 2.0f * startX;
+  float_t contentH = height - 2.0f * startY;

  if(contentW != box->layoutWidth || contentH != box->layoutHeight) {
    uiTextboxBuildLayout(box, contentW, contentH);
  }

-  errorChain(uiFrameDraw(x, y, width, height));
-  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+  errorChain(uiFrameDrawCached(&box->frameCache, x, y, width, height));

  if(box->lineCount == 0 || box->text[0] == '\0') errorOk();

-  float_t fontW = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileWidth;
-  float_t fontH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+  if(box->glyphsBuiltForPage != box->currentPage) {
+    uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs(box);
+  }
+
+  if(box->glyphCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  int32_t visibleCount = 0;
+  while(
+    visibleCount < box->glyphCount &&
+    box->glyphs[visibleCount].revealAt <= box->scroll
+  ) visibleCount++;
+
+  if(visibleCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t scratch[UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX];
+  for(int32_t i = 0; i < visibleCount; i++) {
+    scratch[i] = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+      &box->glyphs[i].sprite, contentX, contentY
+    );
+  }

  shadermaterial_t material = {
    .unlit = {
@@ -169,47 +203,47 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(
      .texture = FONT_DEFAULT.texture
    }
  };
+  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(scratch, visibleCount, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs(uitextbox_t *box) {
+  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");
+
+  box->glyphCount = 0;

  int32_t pageFirst = box->currentPage * box->linesPerPage;
  int32_t pageLast = pageFirst + box->linesPerPage;
  if(pageLast > box->lineCount) pageLast = box->lineCount;

-  int32_t charsLeft = box->scroll;
+  float_t fontW = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileWidth;
+  float_t fontH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;

-  for(int32_t li = pageFirst; li < pageLast && charsLeft > 0; li++) {
+  int32_t consumed = 0;
+  for(int32_t li = pageFirst; li < pageLast; li++) {
    uitextboxline_t *line = &box->lines[li];
-    int32_t visible = line->count < charsLeft ? line->count : charsLeft;
-    float_t lineY = contentY +
+    float_t lineY =
      (float_t)(li - pageFirst) * (fontH + UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING);

-    for(int32_t ci = 0; ci < visible; ci++) {
+    for(int32_t ci = 0; ci < line->count; ci++) {
+      consumed++;
      char_t c = box->text[line->start + ci];
      if(c == ' ') continue;
-      spritebatchsprite_t sprite = textGetSprite(
-        (vec2){ contentX + (float_t)ci * fontW, lineY },
-        c,
-        &FONT_DEFAULT
+
+      assertTrue(
+        box->glyphCount < UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX,
+        "Textbox page produces too many glyphs"
      );
-      errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
+      uitextboxglyph_t *glyph = &box->glyphs[box->glyphCount++];
+      glyph->sprite = textGetSprite(
+        (vec2){ (float_t)ci * fontW, lineY }, c, &FONT_DEFAULT
+      );
+      glyph->revealAt = consumed;
    }
-
-    charsLeft -= visible;
  }

-  if(uiTextboxPageIsComplete(box)) {
-    spritebatchsprite_t caret = textGetSprite(
-      (vec2){
-        contentX + contentW - fontW,
-        contentY + contentH - fontH
-      },
-      'v',
-      &FONT_DEFAULT
-    );
-    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&caret, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
-  }
-
-  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
-  errorOk();
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = box->currentPage;
 }

 int32_t uiTextboxGetPageCharCount(const uitextbox_t *box) {
@@ -7,22 +7,40 @@

 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"

-#define UI_TEXTBOX_TEXT_MAX 1024
-#define UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_MAX 64
 #define UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_PER_PAGE_MAX 4
 #define UI_TEXTBOX_SCROLL_CHARS_PER_TICK 1
 #define UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING 0.0f

+// Fixed capacity for a page's cached glyph sprites (see uitextboxglyph_t).
+// Sized generously above UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_PER_PAGE_MAX worth of glyphs at
+// typical textbox widths; uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs asserts if a page
+// somehow produces more than this.
+#define UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX 512
+
 typedef struct {
  int32_t start;
  int32_t count;
 } uitextboxline_t;

+// A single visible glyph's cached sprite (relative to the textbox's
+// content origin, i.e. (0,0)) plus the scroll value at/after which it
+// becomes visible -- lets uiTextboxDraw turn the typewriter scroll into
+// a simple prefix-count instead of recomputing glyph geometry every
+// frame.
 typedef struct {
-  char_t text[UI_TEXTBOX_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
+  int32_t revealAt;
+} uitextboxglyph_t;

-  uitextboxline_t lines[UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_MAX];
+typedef struct {
+  char_t *text;
+  uint32_t maxLength;
+
+  uitextboxline_t *lines;
+  uint32_t linesMax;
  int32_t lineCount;
  int32_t charsPerLine;
  int32_t linesPerPage;
@@ -34,14 +52,34 @@ typedef struct {

  int32_t currentPage;
  int32_t scroll;
+
+  // Cached glyph sprites for the current page (see uitextboxglyph_t),
+  // rebuilt only when currentPage no longer matches
+  // glyphsBuiltForPage -- not every frame/scroll tick.
+  uitextboxglyph_t glyphs[UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX];
+  int32_t glyphCount;
+  int32_t glyphsBuiltForPage;
+
+  uiframecache_t frameCache;
 } uitextbox_t;

 /**
- * Initializes a textbox, zeroing all state.
+ * Initializes a textbox, zeroing all state and binding it to caller-owned
+ * text and line storage.
 *
 * @param box The textbox to initialize.
+ * @param text Caller-owned buffer the textbox copies its text into.
+ * @param maxLength Capacity of text, in characters.
+ * @param lines Caller-owned buffer the textbox lays lines out into.
+ * @param linesMax Capacity of lines, in entries.
 */
-void uiTextboxInit(uitextbox_t *box);
+void uiTextboxInit(
+  uitextbox_t *box,
+  char_t *text,
+  const uint32_t maxLength,
+  uitextboxline_t *lines,
+  const uint32_t linesMax
+);

 /**
 * Copies text into the textbox and marks layout as dirty.
@@ -125,3 +163,13 @@ bool_t uiTextboxHasNextPage(const uitextbox_t *box);
 * @param box The textbox to advance.
 */
 void uiTextboxNextPage(uitextbox_t *box);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the cached glyph sprites (see uitextboxglyph_t) for the
+ * current page from its line layout. Called automatically by
+ * uiTextboxDraw whenever currentPage no longer matches the page the
+ * cache was last built for.
+ *
+ * @param box The textbox to rebuild.
+ */
+void uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs(uitextbox_t *box);
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uitextboxmain.h"
+#include "ui/focus/uifocus.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+
+uitextboxmain_t UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN;
+static uifocusitem_t *focusItem = NULL;
+
+errorret_t uiTextboxMainInit(void) {
+  uiTextboxInit(
+    &UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box,
+    UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.text, UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_TEXT_MAX,
+    UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.lines, UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_LINES_MAX
+  );
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiTextboxMainSetText(const char_t *text) {
+  uiTextboxSetText(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box, text);
+  if(focusItem != NULL) return;
+  focusItem = uiFocusPush(
+    1, 1,
+    uiTextboxMainFocusSelected,
+    NULL,
+    uiTextboxMainFocusClosed,
+    NULL,
+    NULL
+  );
+}
+
+errorret_t uiTextboxMainUpdate(void) {
+  if(focusItem == NULL) errorOk();
+  return uiTextboxUpdate(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiTextboxMainDraw(void) {
+  if(focusItem == NULL) errorOk();
+  float_t fontH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+  float_t h = (float_t)UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_LINES * fontH +
+    (float_t)(UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_LINES - 1) * UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING +
+    2.0f * (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+  float_t w = (float_t)SCREEN.scanWidth;
+  float_t x = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX;
+  float_t y = (float_t)(SCREEN.scanY + SCREEN.scanHeight) - h;
+  errorChain(uiTextboxDraw(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box, x, y, w, h));
+
+  if(!uiTextboxPageIsComplete(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box)) errorOk();
+
+  float_t fontW = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileWidth;
+  float_t contentX = x + (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_X;
+  float_t contentY = y + (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+  float_t contentW = w - 2.0f * (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_X;
+  float_t contentH = h - 2.0f * (float_t)UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = COLOR_WHITE,
+      .texture = FONT_DEFAULT.texture
+    }
+  };
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t caret = textGetSprite(
+    (vec2){
+      contentX + contentW - fontW,
+      contentY + contentH - fontH
+    },
+    'v',
+    &FONT_DEFAULT
+  );
+  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&caret, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+bool_t uiTextboxMainPageIsComplete(void) {
+  return uiTextboxPageIsComplete(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box);
+}
+
+bool_t uiTextboxMainHasNextPage(void) {
+  return uiTextboxHasNextPage(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box);
+}
+
+void uiTextboxMainNextPage(void) {
+  uiTextboxNextPage(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box);
+}
+
+bool_t uiTextboxMainIsActive(void) {
+  return focusItem != NULL;
+}
+
+bool_t uiTextboxMainFocusSelected(const uifocusitem_t *item) {
+  if(!uiTextboxPageIsComplete(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box)) {
+    UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box.scroll =
+      uiTextboxGetPageCharCount(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if(uiTextboxHasNextPage(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box)) {
+    uiTextboxNextPage(&UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.box);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  uiFocusPopItem(focusItem);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t uiTextboxMainFocusClosed(const uifocusitem_t *item) {
+  focusItem = NULL;
+  return true;
+}
@@ -6,12 +6,20 @@
 */

 #pragma once
-#include "ui/rpg/uitextbox.h"
+#include "uitextbox.h"
 #include "ui/focus/uifocusitem.h"

 #define UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_LINES 4
+#define UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_TEXT_MAX 1024
+#define UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_LINES_MAX 64

-extern uitextbox_t UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN;
+typedef struct {
+  uitextbox_t box;
+  char_t text[UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_TEXT_MAX];
+  uitextboxline_t lines[UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN_LINES_MAX];
+} uitextboxmain_t;
+
+extern uitextboxmain_t UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN;

 /**
 * Initializes UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN.
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uitestlabel.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "engine/engine.h"
+
+uilabel_t UI_TEST_LABEL;
+
+errorret_t uiTestLabelInit() {
+  uiLabelInit(&UI_TEST_LABEL, &FONT_DEFAULT);
+  uiLabelSetText(&UI_TEST_LABEL, "duskrpg");
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiTestLabelDraw() {
+  int32_t versionWidth, versionHeight;
+  textMeasure(ENGINE.version, &FONT_DEFAULT, &versionWidth, &versionHeight);
+
+  errorChain(uiLabelDraw(
+    &UI_TEST_LABEL,
+    (float_t)(SCREEN.scanX + SCREEN.scanWidth - UI_TEST_LABEL.width),
+    (float_t)(
+      SCREEN.scanY + SCREEN.scanHeight - versionHeight -
+      UI_TEST_LABEL.height
+    )
+  ));
+  errorOk();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the test label, a smoke test for the duskrpg-side UI
+ * element extension point (uielementgame.h).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiTestLabelInit();
+
+/**
+ * Draws the test label above the engine's debug version number.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiTestLabelDraw();
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+include(dusktest)
+
+# Tests
+dusktest(test_uiframe.c)
+dusktest(test_uislider.c)
+dusktest(test_uitab.c)
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+
+static void test_uiFrameBuildSprites_layout(void **state) {
+  UI_FRAME.tileset = (tileset_t){
+    .tileWidth = 1,
+    .tileHeight = 1,
+    .tileCount = 9,
+    .columns = 3,
+    .rows = 3,
+    .uv = { 0.25f, 0.25f }
+  };
+
+  const float_t x = 100.0f;
+  const float_t y = 50.0f;
+  const float_t width = 40.0f;
+  const float_t height = 30.0f;
+  const float_t tileW = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH;
+  const float_t tileH = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT;
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
+  uiFrameBuildSprites(sprites, x, y, width, height);
+
+  // Top-left corner sits exactly at the rect's origin.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].min[0], x, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].min[1], y, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].max[0], x + tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].max[1], y + tileH, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMin[0], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMin[1], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMax[0], 0.25f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMax[1], 0.25f, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Top-middle edge stretches to fill the width minus both corners.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[1].min[0], x + tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[1].max[0], x + width - tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[1].max[1], y + tileH, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Center tile fills the remaining interior on both axes.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].min[0], x + tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].min[1], y + tileH, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].max[0], x + width - tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].max[1], y + height - tileH, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Bottom-right corner sits exactly at the rect's far corner, sampling
+  // tileset column 2, row 2.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].min[0], x + width - tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].min[1], y + height - tileH, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].max[0], x + width, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].max[1], y + height, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].uvMin[0], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].uvMin[1], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiFrameBuildSprites_layout),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uislider.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+// uiSliderInitFloat/InitInt require a real font (FONT_DEFAULT) to build
+// the label's glyph cache, which needs a live GL context this test binary
+// doesn't have -- see the label size caching contract for why this is
+// safe to bypass here (uiSliderRebuildGeometry only reads slider->label's
+// already-measured width/height, it never touches the font itself).
+static void sliderSetupFloat(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const float_t value,
+  const float_t min,
+  const float_t max,
+  const float_t step
+) {
+  memoryZero(slider, sizeof(uislider_t));
+  slider->label.width = 20;
+  slider->label.height = 10;
+  slider->type = UI_SLIDER_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  slider->min.f = min;
+  slider->max.f = max;
+  slider->step.f = step;
+  slider->value.f = value;
+}
+
+static void sliderSetupInt(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const int32_t value,
+  const int32_t min,
+  const int32_t max,
+  const int32_t step
+) {
+  memoryZero(slider, sizeof(uislider_t));
+  slider->label.width = 20;
+  slider->label.height = 10;
+  slider->type = UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT;
+  slider->min.i = min;
+  slider->max.i = max;
+  slider->step.i = step;
+  slider->value.i = value;
+}
+
+static void test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_trackPosition(void **state) {
+  uislider_t slider;
+  sliderSetupFloat(&slider, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+
+  const float_t expectedX = (float_t)slider.label.width + UI_SLIDER_GAP;
+  const float_t expectedY =
+    ((float_t)slider.label.height - UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT) * 0.5f;
+
+  assert_float_equal(slider.cachedTrack.min[0], expectedX, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(slider.cachedTrack.min[1], expectedY, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(
+    slider.cachedTrack.max[0], expectedX + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH, 0.0001f
+  );
+}
+
+static void test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_fillVisibility(void **state) {
+  uislider_t slider;
+
+  // At the minimum value, the ratio is 0 -- no fill should be visible.
+  sliderSetupFloat(&slider, 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f, 1.0f);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_false(slider.cachedFillVisible);
+
+  // Halfway to max -- fill should cover half the track.
+  sliderSetupFloat(&slider, 5.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f, 1.0f);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_true(slider.cachedFillVisible);
+  assert_float_equal(
+    slider.cachedFill.max[0] - slider.cachedFill.min[0],
+    UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+    0.0001f
+  );
+}
+
+static void test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_stepMarkers(void **state) {
+  uislider_t slider;
+
+  // 5 steps between 0 and 10 -- under the marker cap, so markers render.
+  sliderSetupInt(&slider, 0, 0, 10, 2);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_int_equal(slider.cachedMarkerCount, 6);
+  assert_float_equal(
+    slider.cachedMarkers[0].min[0], slider.cachedTrack.min[0] -
+      UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+    0.0001f
+  );
+
+  // 100 steps -- over the marker cap, so it falls back to a smooth fill
+  // with no markers.
+  sliderSetupInt(&slider, 0, 0, 100, 1);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_int_equal(slider.cachedMarkerCount, 0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_trackPosition),
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_fillVisibility),
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_stepMarkers),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uitab.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+// uiTabInit requires a real font (FONT_DEFAULT) to build the label's
+// glyph cache, which needs a live GL context this test binary doesn't
+// have. uiTabRebuildBackground only reads the label's already-measured
+// width/height, so it's safe to set those directly and exercise it here.
+static void test_uiTabRebuildBackground_matchesLabelSize(void **state) {
+  uitab_t tab;
+  memoryZero(&tab, sizeof(uitab_t));
+  tab.label.width = 42;
+  tab.label.height = 12;
+
+  uiTabRebuildBackground(&tab);
+
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.min[0], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.min[1], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.max[0], 42.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.max[1], 12.0f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiTabRebuildBackground_matchesLabelSize),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
-//
-// This software is released under the MIT License.
-// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
-
-const platformNames = {
-  [System.PLATFORM_LINUX]:    'Linux',
-  [System.PLATFORM_KNULLI]:   'Knulli',
-  [System.PLATFORM_PSP]:      'PSP',
-  [System.PLATFORM_GAMECUBE]: 'GameCube',
-  [System.PLATFORM_WII]:      'Wii',
-};
-
-Console.print('Platform: ' + (platformNames[System.platform] || 'Unknown'));
-
-UIFullboxOver.setColor(Color.BLACK);
-
-requireAsync('testscene.js').then(Scene.set).catch(err => {
-  Console.print('Error loading scene: ' + err);
-  Engine.exit();
-});
@@ -10,51 +10,57 @@ msgid "ui.title"
 msgstr ""
 "Welcome"

-#: ui/user.c:22
-msgid "ui.greeting"
-msgstr "Hello, %s!"
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.general"
+msgstr "General"

-#: ui/files.c:40
-msgid "ui.file_status"
-msgstr "%s has %d files."
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.input"
+msgstr "Input"

-#: ui/cart.c:55
-msgid "cart.item_count"
-msgid_plural "cart.item_count"
-msgstr[0] "%d item"
-msgstr[1] "%d items (dual)"
-msgstr[2] "%d items (few)"
-msgstr[3] "%d items (many)"
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.display"
+msgstr "Display"

-#: ui/notifications.c:71
-msgid ""
-"ui.multiline_help"
-msgstr ""
-"Line one of the help text.\n"
-"Line two continues here.\n"
-"Line three ends here."
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.audio"
+msgstr "Audio"

-#: ui/errors.c:90
-msgid ""
-"error.upload_failed.long"
-msgstr ""
-"Upload failed for file \"%s\".\n"
-"Please try again later or contact support."
+msgid "ui.settings.input.deadzone"
+msgstr "Deadzone"

-#: ui/messages.c:110
-msgid ""
-"user.invite_status"
-msgid_plural ""
-"user.invite_status"
-msgstr[0] ""
-"%s invited %d user.\n"
-"Please review the request."
-msgstr[1] ""
-"%s invited %d users (dual).\n"
-"Please review the requests."
-msgstr[2] ""
-"%s invited %d users (few).\n"
-"Please review the requests."
-msgstr[3] ""
-"%s invited %d users (many).\n"
-"Please review the requests."
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettingsgeneral.c
+msgid "ui.settings.general.language"
+msgstr "Language"
+
+msgid "ui.settings.general.language_detail"
+msgstr "Takes effect after restarting the application."
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.apply"
+msgstr "Apply"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/uiconfirm.c
+msgid "ui.confirm.discard_changes"
+msgstr "Discard unsaved changes?"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.characters"
+msgstr "Characters"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.items"
+msgstr "Items"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.settings"
+msgstr "Settings"
+
+msgid "item.potion.name"
+msgstr "Potion"
+
+msgid "item.potato.name"
+msgstr "Potato"
+
+msgid "item.apple.name"
+msgstr "Apple"
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: ExampleApp 1.0\n"
+"Language: es\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : 1);\n"
+
+#: ui/menu.c:10
+msgid "ui.title"
+msgstr ""
+"Bienvenido"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.general"
+msgstr "General"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.input"
+msgstr "Entrada"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.display"
+msgstr "Pantalla"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.audio"
+msgstr "Audio"
+
+msgid "ui.settings.input.deadzone"
+msgstr "Deadzone"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettingsgeneral.c
+msgid "ui.settings.general.language"
+msgstr "Idioma"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettingsgeneral.c
+msgid "ui.settings.general.language_detail"
+msgstr "Se aplica después de reiniciar la aplicación."
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.apply"
+msgstr "Aplicar"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/uiconfirm.c
+msgid "ui.confirm.discard_changes"
+msgstr "¿Descartar los cambios no guardados?"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.characters"
+msgstr "Personajes"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.items"
+msgstr "Objetos"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.settings"
+msgstr "Configuración"
+
+#: src/dusk/rpg/item/item.json
+msgid "item.potion.name"
+msgstr "Poción"
+
+#: src/dusk/rpg/item/item.json
+msgid "item.potato.name"
+msgstr "Papa"
+
+#: src/dusk/rpg/item/item.json
+msgid "item.apple.name"
+msgstr "Manzana"
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: ExampleApp 1.0\n"
+"Language: ja\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=(0);\n"
+
+#: ui/menu.c:10
+msgid "ui.title"
+msgstr ""
+"歓迎"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.general"
+msgstr "一般"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.input"
+msgstr "入力"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.display"
+msgstr "表示"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.tabs.audio"
+msgstr "オーディオ"
+
+msgid "ui.settings.input.deadzone"
+msgstr "デッドゾーン"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettingsgeneral.c
+msgid "ui.settings.general.language"
+msgstr "言語"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettingsgeneral.c
+msgid "ui.settings.general.language_detail"
+msgstr "アプリケーションを再起動すると適用されます。"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c
+msgid "ui.settings.apply"
+msgstr "適用"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/uiconfirm.c
+msgid "ui.confirm.discard_changes"
+msgstr "未保存の変更を破棄しますか？"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.characters"
+msgstr "キャラクター"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.items"
+msgstr "アイテム"
+
+#: src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c
+msgid "ui.game_menu.settings"
+msgstr "設定"
+
+#: src/dusk/rpg/item/item.json
+msgid "item.potion.name"
+msgstr "ポーション"
+
+#: src/dusk/rpg/item/item.json
+msgid "item.potato.name"
+msgstr "ジャガイモ"
+
+#: src/dusk/rpg/item/item.json
+msgid "item.apple.name"
+msgstr "リンゴ"
@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
-//
-// This software is released under the MIT License.
-// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
-
-const PLAYER_SPEED = 5.0;
-// 1 world unit = 16 pixels.
-const PIXEL_SCALE = 1.0 / 16.0;
-// Player sprite is 32x32 px (test.png dimensions).
-const PLAYER_W = 32 * PIXEL_SCALE;
-const PLAYER_H = 32 * PIXEL_SCALE;
-
-var player = {};
-
-player.getAssets = () => {
-  return [
-    { path: 'test.png', type: Asset.TYPE_TEXTURE, format: Texture.FORMAT_RGBA }
-  ];
-}
-
-player.init = function(scene) {
-  var texture = scene.assets.getAssetByPath('test.png');
-  Console.print('Player init: got texture ' + texture);
-
-  _entity   = Entity.create();
-  _position = _entity.add(Component.POSITION);
-  _physics  = _entity.add(Component.PHYSICS);
-
-  _physics.bodyType   = Physics.DYNAMIC;
-  _physics.shape      = Physics.SHAPE_CUBE;
-  _physics.gravityScale = 1.0;
-
-  var r       = _entity.add(Component.RENDERABLE);
-  r.texture   = texture.texture;
-  r.type      = Renderable.SPRITEBATCH;
-  r.color     = new Color(220, 80, 80);
-  // Upright quad centered on X, bottom-aligned on Y.
-  r.sprites = [[-PLAYER_W/2, 0, 0, PLAYER_W/2, PLAYER_H, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0]];
-
-  _position.localPosition = new Vec3(0, PLAYER_H, 0);
-};
-
-player.getPosition = function() {
-  return _position;
-};
-
-player.update = function() {
-  if(!_physics) return;
-  var vx = Input.axis(INPUT_ACTION_LEFT, INPUT_ACTION_RIGHT) * PLAYER_SPEED;
-  var vz = Input.axis(INPUT_ACTION_DOWN, INPUT_ACTION_UP) * PLAYER_SPEED;
-  // Preserve vertical velocity so gravity and landing work correctly.
-  var vy = _physics.velocity.y;
-  _physics.velocity = new Vec3(vx, vy, vz);
-};
-
-player.dispose = function() {
-  Entity.dispose(_entity);
-  _entity   = null;
-  _position = null;
-  _physics  = null;
-};
-
-module.exports = player;
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// Gamepad/keyboard-only for now -- no mouse support exists in the input
+// system yet. Something else (e.g. a future Menu widget) is responsible
+// for moving `highlighted` between multiple buttons; a Button only knows
+// how to fire onSelect() when ACCEPT is pressed while it's the highlighted
+// one.
+class Button extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.background = new Rectangle();
+    this.background.width = 120;
+    this.background.height = 32;
+    this.background.color = Button.COLOR_NORMAL;
+    this.add(this.background);
+
+    this.label = new Label();
+    this.label.x = 8;
+    this.label.y = 8;
+    this.add(this.label);
+
+    this.highlighted = false;
+    this.onSelect = null;
+  }
+
+  get text() { return this.label.text; }
+  set text(value) { this.label.text = value; }
+
+  setHighlighted(highlighted) {
+    this.highlighted = highlighted;
+    this.background.color = highlighted
+      ? Button.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED
+      : Button.COLOR_NORMAL;
+  }
+
+  update() {
+    this.updateChildren();
+    if(this.highlighted && Input.pressed(InputBind.ACCEPT) && this.onSelect) {
+      this.onSelect();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Button.COLOR_NORMAL = { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, a: 255 };
+Button.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED = { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255 };
+
+module.exports = Button;
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// A single label showing "Y "/"N " + the caller's text -- no background,
+// matching the old widget exactly. Toggling itself (checked) is driven
+// externally, typically by a Menu handing it LEFT/RIGHT via
+// directionInput() while this checkbox is the highlighted item.
+class Checkbox extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.label = new Label();
+    this.add(this.label);
+
+    this._text = '';
+    this._checked = false;
+    this.highlighted = false;
+
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  get text() { return this._text; }
+  set text(value) {
+    this._text = value;
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  get checked() { return this._checked; }
+  set checked(value) {
+    this._checked = value;
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  toggle() {
+    this.checked = !this.checked;
+  }
+
+  setHighlighted(highlighted) {
+    this.highlighted = highlighted;
+    this.label.color = highlighted
+      ? Checkbox.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED
+      : Checkbox.COLOR_NORMAL;
+  }
+
+  // Menu direction-input opt-out hook: LEFT/RIGHT toggles and consumes
+  // the input; UP/DOWN falls through to default cursor movement.
+  directionInput(dx, dy) {
+    if(dx === 0) return false;
+    this.toggle();
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  _refresh() {
+    this.label.text = (this._checked ? 'Y ' : 'N ') + this._text;
+  }
+}
+
+Checkbox.COLOR_NORMAL = { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, a: 255 };
+Checkbox.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED = { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255 };
+
+module.exports = Checkbox;
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+var Menu = require('./Menu.js');
+var Button = require('./Button.js');
+
+// A Yes/No dialog: dim full-screen backdrop + a flat-color panel (see
+// Fullbox.js/plan notes on why there's no real 9-slice Frame yet) +
+// text + a 2-item Menu. Confirm.open(text, callback) lazily creates and
+// reuses ONE shared instance rather than allocating fresh every time --
+// the Menu stack already guarantees at most one confirm is ever
+// meaningfully active, so there's nothing to gain from a fresh instance
+// per call, and it sidesteps ever needing to dispose one (see Fullbox.js
+// for why disposing from inside your own callback chain is risky).
+class Confirm extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.backdrop = new Rectangle();
+    this.backdrop.color = Confirm.COLOR_BACKDROP;
+    this.add(this.backdrop);
+
+    this.panel = new Rectangle();
+    this.panel.width = Confirm.PANEL_WIDTH;
+    this.panel.height = Confirm.PANEL_HEIGHT;
+    this.panel.color = Confirm.COLOR_PANEL;
+    this.add(this.panel);
+
+    this.label = new Label();
+    this.add(this.label);
+
+    this.menu = new Menu();
+    this.menu.cols = 2;
+    this.add(this.menu);
+
+    this.confirmButton = new Button();
+    this.confirmButton.text = 'Confirm';
+    this.menu.addItem(this.confirmButton);
+
+    this.cancelButton = new Button();
+    this.cancelButton.text = 'Cancel';
+    this.menu.addItem(this.cancelButton);
+
+    this.menu.onSelected = (index) => this._finish(index === 0);
+    // CANCEL (the bind, not the button) also closes the menu without
+    // firing onSelected -- treat that the same as picking Cancel.
+    this.menu.onClosed = () => this._finish(false);
+
+    this._callback = null;
+    this._finishing = false;
+  }
+
+  open(text, callback) {
+    this.label.text = text;
+    this._callback = callback;
+    this._finishing = false;
+
+    this._layout();
+
+    UI.add(this);
+    this.menu.open();
+  }
+
+  _finish(result) {
+    // menu.onClosed calling back into _finish (via close() below) would
+    // otherwise recurse into itself.
+    if(this._finishing) return;
+    this._finishing = true;
+
+    this.menu.close();
+    UI.remove(this);
+
+    const callback = this._callback;
+    this._callback = null;
+    if(callback) callback(result);
+  }
+
+  _layout() {
+    this.backdrop.width = Screen.width;
+    this.backdrop.height = Screen.height;
+
+    const panelX = (Screen.width - Confirm.PANEL_WIDTH) / 2;
+    const panelY = (Screen.height - Confirm.PANEL_HEIGHT) / 2;
+    this.panel.x = panelX;
+    this.panel.y = panelY;
+
+    this.label.x = panelX + Confirm.PADDING;
+    this.label.y = panelY + Confirm.PADDING;
+
+    this.confirmButton.x = panelX + Confirm.PADDING;
+    this.confirmButton.y = panelY + Confirm.PANEL_HEIGHT - Confirm.PADDING - 32;
+
+    this.cancelButton.x = this.confirmButton.x + 130;
+    this.cancelButton.y = this.confirmButton.y;
+  }
+}
+
+Confirm.PANEL_WIDTH = 300;
+Confirm.PANEL_HEIGHT = 120;
+Confirm.PADDING = 16;
+Confirm.COLOR_BACKDROP = { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 160 };
+Confirm.COLOR_PANEL = { r: 40, g: 40, b: 40, a: 255 };
+
+Confirm.open = function(text, callback) {
+  if(!Confirm._shared) Confirm._shared = new Confirm();
+  Confirm._shared.open(text, callback);
+  return Confirm._shared;
+};
+
+module.exports = Confirm;
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// One Label per console history slot, refreshed only when
+// Console.consumeDirty() says the history actually changed -- reuses
+// the normal Label/spritebatch render path instead of the old
+// hand-rolled mesh-cache renderer.
+//
+// These Labels are NOT add()ed as children -- UIElement.add() caps at 8
+// children per element, and CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX (Console.lineCount) is
+// 16, over that cap. Instead they're driven directly: render()/update()
+// called explicitly below, and their world position is just their own
+// x/y (never having a parent means nothing offsets it).
+class ConsoleOverlay extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.lines = [];
+    for(let i = 0; i < Console.lineCount; i++) {
+      const label = new Label();
+      label.x = 4;
+      label.y = 4 + i * ConsoleOverlay.LINE_HEIGHT;
+      this.lines.push(label);
+    }
+
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  update() {
+    this.updateChildren();
+    if(Console.consumeDirty()) this._refresh();
+    for(let i = 0; i < this.lines.length; i++) this.lines[i].update();
+  }
+
+  // Overridden (rather than left to auto-render) so the console can be
+  // hidden entirely without disposing/rebuilding its Labels.
+  render() {
+    this.renderChildren();
+    if(!Console.visible) return;
+    for(let i = 0; i < this.lines.length; i++) this.lines[i].render();
+  }
+
+  // this.lines was never add()ed, so the normal dispose() cascade can't
+  // reach them -- release them explicitly first, or they'd leak their
+  // pool slots.
+  dispose() {
+    for(let i = 0; i < this.lines.length; i++) this.lines[i].dispose();
+    super.dispose();
+  }
+
+  _refresh() {
+    for(let i = 0; i < this.lines.length; i++) {
+      this.lines[i].text = Console.getLine(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+ConsoleOverlay.LINE_HEIGHT = 12;
+
+module.exports = ConsoleOverlay;
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// Up to 4 black letterbox/pillarbox bars sized from Screen.scanX/Y/
+// scanWidth/scanHeight vs Screen.width/height. Recomputed every tick,
+// unconditionally -- cheap (four rectangle field writes), and a no-op
+// when the scan area already covers the full viewport (Rectangle
+// already skips rendering at width/height <= 0).
+class Crop extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.top = new Rectangle();
+    this.bottom = new Rectangle();
+    this.left = new Rectangle();
+    this.right = new Rectangle();
+
+    this.top.color = Crop.COLOR_BARS;
+    this.bottom.color = Crop.COLOR_BARS;
+    this.left.color = Crop.COLOR_BARS;
+    this.right.color = Crop.COLOR_BARS;
+
+    this.add(this.top);
+    this.add(this.bottom);
+    this.add(this.left);
+    this.add(this.right);
+  }
+
+  update() {
+    this.updateChildren();
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  _refresh() {
+    const scanX = Screen.scanX;
+    const scanY = Screen.scanY;
+    const scanRight = scanX + Screen.scanWidth;
+    const scanBottom = scanY + Screen.scanHeight;
+
+    this.top.x = 0;
+    this.top.y = 0;
+    this.top.width = Screen.width;
+    this.top.height = scanY;
+
+    this.bottom.x = 0;
+    this.bottom.y = scanBottom;
+    this.bottom.width = Screen.width;
+    this.bottom.height = Screen.height - scanBottom;
+
+    this.left.x = 0;
+    this.left.y = scanY;
+    this.left.width = scanX;
+    this.left.height = Screen.scanHeight;
+
+    this.right.x = scanRight;
+    this.right.y = scanY;
+    this.right.width = Screen.width - scanRight;
+    this.right.height = Screen.scanHeight;
+  }
+}
+
+Crop.COLOR_BARS = { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255 };
+
+module.exports = Crop;
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// Label + a "< option >"-style value label, cycling a caller-provided
+// options array. Same directionInput()-consumes-LEFT/RIGHT shape as
+// Slider, stepping the selected index (with wraparound) instead of a
+// numeric value.
+class Dropdown extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.label = new Label();
+    this.add(this.label);
+
+    this.valueLabel = new Label();
+    this.valueLabel.x = 100;
+    this.add(this.valueLabel);
+
+    this.options = [];
+    this._index = 0;
+    this.highlighted = false;
+    this.onChange = null;
+
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  get text() { return this.label.text; }
+  set text(value) { this.label.text = value; }
+
+  get selectedIndex() { return this._index; }
+  set selectedIndex(index) {
+    if(this.options.length === 0) {
+      this._index = 0;
+      this._refresh();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const count = this.options.length;
+    this._index = ((index % count) + count) % count;
+    this._refresh();
+    if(this.onChange) this.onChange(this._index, this.options[this._index]);
+  }
+
+  get selected() { return this.options[this._index]; }
+
+  setHighlighted(highlighted) {
+    this.highlighted = highlighted;
+    this.label.color = highlighted
+      ? Dropdown.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED
+      : Dropdown.COLOR_NORMAL;
+  }
+
+  directionInput(dx, dy) {
+    if(dx === 0) return false;
+    this.selectedIndex = this._index + dx;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  _refresh() {
+    const value = this.options[this._index];
+    this.valueLabel.text = value !== undefined ? ('< ' + value + ' >') : '< >';
+  }
+}
+
+Dropdown.COLOR_NORMAL = { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, a: 255 };
+Dropdown.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED = { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255 };
+
+module.exports = Dropdown;
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// extends UIElement (not Label) deliberately: only a UIElement/SCRIPTED
+// instance's render()/update() override actually gets dispatched by the
+// engine (the native Label/Rectangle callback tables never consult a
+// subclass's override -- they're not scripted types themselves). So this
+// composes a child Label instead of subclassing one, same as Button.
+//
+// Overrides render() rather than update(): update()/uiUpdate() only run
+// on the one fixed-timestep tick per real frame that actually crosses a
+// DUSK_TIME_STEP boundary (see Time.renderDelta's doc), but an FPS
+// counter needs to sample every real frame -- which is exactly what
+// render() does.
+class FpsCounter extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.label = new Label();
+    this.add(this.label);
+
+    this._average = 0;
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    const delta = Time.renderDelta;
+    if(delta > 0) {
+      const fps = 1 / delta;
+      this._average = this._average === 0
+        ? fps
+        : this._average + (fps - this._average) * FpsCounter.SMOOTHING;
+    }
+
+    this.label.text = 'FPS: ' + Math.round(this._average);
+    this.renderChildren();
+  }
+}
+
+// Exponential-moving-average weight per sample -- lower is smoother/
+// slower to react, higher tracks instantaneous frame time more closely.
+FpsCounter.SMOOTHING = 0.1;
+
+module.exports = FpsCounter;
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// A tweened full-screen color quad -- covers both the old uifullbox
+// (full-screen fade) and uitransition (fade transition with a
+// completion callback): same shape, just parameterized, so there's no
+// separate transition class/global.
+//
+// extends UIElement composing a child Rectangle (not extends Rectangle)
+// for the same reason as FpsCounter: only a UIElement/SCRIPTED
+// instance's render() override is actually dispatched by the engine.
+// Overrides render() (not update()) so the tween advances every real
+// frame, not just on fixed-timestep ticks.
+//
+// A finished Fullbox is only removed from the overlay roots, never
+// disposed -- disposing an element from inside its own render()
+// callback would free its JS instance registration while a native C
+// caller further up the same call stack still holds it, risking the
+// exact kind of delayed JerryScript refcount corruption this project
+// has already hit once. Fullbox.under()/over() lazily create and cache
+// one shared, reusable instance each (mirroring the old UNDER/OVER
+// singletons), so repeated fades cost zero additional pool slots.
+class Fullbox extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.rect = new Rectangle();
+    this.add(this.rect);
+
+    this._from = Fullbox.COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    this._to = Fullbox.COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    this._duration = 0;
+    this._t = 0;
+    this._onComplete = null;
+    this._active = false;
+  }
+
+  // Starts (or restarts) this Fullbox tweening rect.color from
+  // options.fromColor to options.toColor over options.duration seconds,
+  // calling options.onComplete() once when done. Adds itself to the
+  // overlay roots if it isn't already there.
+  play(options) {
+    this._from = options.fromColor || Fullbox.COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    this._to = options.toColor || Fullbox.COLOR_TRANSPARENT;
+    this._duration = options.duration || 0;
+    this._t = 0;
+    this._onComplete = options.onComplete || null;
+    this._active = true;
+
+    this.rect.width = Screen.width;
+    this.rect.height = Screen.height;
+    this.rect.color = this._from;
+
+    UI.addOverlay(this);
+  }
+
+  render() {
+    if(this._active) {
+      this._t += Time.renderDelta;
+      const ratio = this._duration > 0
+        ? Math.min(1, this._t / this._duration)
+        : 1;
+
+      this.rect.color = Fullbox._lerpColor(this._from, this._to, ratio);
+
+      if(ratio >= 1) {
+        this._active = false;
+        UI.removeOverlay(this);
+        if(this._onComplete) this._onComplete();
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.renderChildren();
+  }
+}
+
+Fullbox.COLOR_TRANSPARENT = { r: 0, g: 0, b: 0, a: 0 };
+
+Fullbox._lerpColor = function(from, to, t) {
+  return {
+    r: from.r + (to.r - from.r) * t,
+    g: from.g + (to.g - from.g) * t,
+    b: from.b + (to.b - from.b) * t,
+    a: from.a + (to.a - from.a) * t
+  };
+};
+
+Fullbox.under = function() {
+  if(!Fullbox._under) Fullbox._under = new Fullbox();
+  return Fullbox._under;
+};
+
+Fullbox.over = function() {
+  if(!Fullbox._over) Fullbox._over = new Fullbox();
+  return Fullbox._over;
+};
+
+module.exports = Fullbox;
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// Gamepad/keyboard focus-navigation, replacing the old global uifocus_t
+// stack. A Menu's children still render/update through the normal tree
+// (add()), but navigation uses its own `items` list -- addItem() calls
+// add() and also tracks the widget as focusable, so decorative elements
+// (a title Label, a Rectangle background) just use add() directly and
+// never enter navigation.
+//
+// open()/close() push/pop this Menu on a small global stack -- only the
+// topmost entry consumes CANCEL/ACCEPT/direction input each tick, so a
+// Menu opened on top of another (e.g. a Settings sub-page menu, or a
+// Confirm dialog) doesn't fight it for input; everything underneath
+// keeps rendering/updating, just doesn't react to input until it's
+// topmost again.
+class Menu extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.items = [];
+    this.cols = 1;
+    this.index = 0;
+
+    this.onSelected = null;
+    this.onChanged = null;
+    this.onClosed = null;
+
+    this._heldDir = null;
+    this._heldTime = 0;
+  }
+
+  addItem(widget) {
+    this.add(widget);
+    this.items.push(widget);
+    return widget;
+  }
+
+  open() {
+    if(Menu._stack.indexOf(this) !== -1) return;
+    Menu._stack.push(this);
+
+    const item = this.items[this.index];
+    if(item && item.setHighlighted) item.setHighlighted(true);
+  }
+
+  // Closes this Menu and anything opened on top of it, matching the old
+  // uifocus_t's uiFocusPopItem (popping a mid-stack item also pops
+  // everything above it).
+  close() {
+    const idx = Menu._stack.indexOf(this);
+    if(idx === -1) return;
+
+    while(Menu._stack.length > idx) {
+      Menu._stack.pop()._onClosed();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Safety net: dispose() has no override-preserving trampoline the way
+  // render()/update() do (see UIElement's dispose() docs), so a bare
+  // this.menu.dispose() would leave a disposed instance stuck at the top
+  // of Menu._stack forever if the caller forgot to close() first --
+  // always close() (a no-op if never opened) before the native cascade.
+  dispose() {
+    this.close();
+    super.dispose();
+  }
+
+  _onClosed() {
+    for(let i = 0; i < this.items.length; i++) {
+      const item = this.items[i];
+      if(item.setHighlighted) item.setHighlighted(false);
+    }
+    if(this.onClosed) this.onClosed();
+  }
+
+  update() {
+    this.updateChildren();
+
+    if(Menu.top() !== this) return;
+
+    if(Input.pressed(InputBind.CANCEL)) {
+      this.close();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if(Input.pressed(InputBind.ACCEPT) && this.onSelected) {
+      this.onSelected(this.index, this.items[this.index]);
+    }
+
+    this._handleDirection();
+  }
+
+  _handleDirection() {
+    const dir = this._currentDirection();
+
+    if(!dir) {
+      this._heldDir = null;
+      this._heldTime = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if(dir !== this._heldDir) {
+      this._heldDir = dir;
+      this._heldTime = 0;
+      this._moveDirection(dir.dx, dir.dy);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._heldTime += Time.delta;
+    if(this._heldTime >= Menu.HOLD_DELAY) {
+      this._heldTime -= Menu.HOLD_REPEAT;
+      this._moveDirection(dir.dx, dir.dy);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Identity-stable direction markers so _handleDirection's `dir !==
+  // this._heldDir` check works without allocating a fresh object (and
+  // therefore never matching) every tick.
+  _currentDirection() {
+    if(Input.isDown(InputBind.LEFT)) return Menu.DIR_LEFT;
+    if(Input.isDown(InputBind.RIGHT)) return Menu.DIR_RIGHT;
+    if(Input.isDown(InputBind.UP)) return Menu.DIR_UP;
+    if(Input.isDown(InputBind.DOWN)) return Menu.DIR_DOWN;
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Gives the currently-highlighted item first refusal (a Slider/
+  // Dropdown/Checkbox consuming LEFT/RIGHT itself), falling back to
+  // moving the cursor -- mirrors uifocus_t's per-item `direction`
+  // callback.
+  _moveDirection(dx, dy) {
+    if(this.items.length === 0) return;
+
+    const item = this.items[this.index];
+    if(item && typeof item.directionInput === 'function') {
+      if(item.directionInput(dx, dy)) return;
+    }
+
+    this._moveIndex(dx, dy);
+  }
+
+  _moveIndex(dx, dy) {
+    const count = this.items.length;
+    if(count === 0) return;
+
+    const cols = Math.max(1, this.cols);
+    const rows = Math.ceil(count / cols);
+
+    const col = ((this.index % cols) + dx + cols) % cols;
+    const row = ((Math.floor(this.index / cols)) + dy + rows) % rows;
+
+    let next = row * cols + col;
+    if(next >= count) next = count - 1;
+
+    this._setIndex(next);
+  }
+
+  _setIndex(next) {
+    if(next === this.index) return;
+
+    const oldItem = this.items[this.index];
+    if(oldItem && oldItem.setHighlighted) oldItem.setHighlighted(false);
+
+    this.index = next;
+
+    const newItem = this.items[this.index];
+    if(newItem && newItem.setHighlighted) newItem.setHighlighted(true);
+
+    if(this.onChanged) this.onChanged(this.index, newItem);
+  }
+}
+
+Menu._stack = [];
+Menu.top = function() {
+  return Menu._stack.length > 0 ? Menu._stack[Menu._stack.length - 1] : null;
+};
+
+Menu.HOLD_DELAY = 0.5;
+Menu.HOLD_REPEAT = 0.1;
+
+Menu.DIR_LEFT = { dx: -1, dy: 0 };
+Menu.DIR_RIGHT = { dx: 1, dy: 0 };
+Menu.DIR_UP = { dx: 0, dy: -1 };
+Menu.DIR_DOWN = { dx: 0, dy: 1 };
+
+module.exports = Menu;
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+var Player = require('./Player.js');
+var PlayerCamera = require('./PlayerCamera.js');
+var TestPlane = require('./TestPlane.js');
+var TestUIElement = require('./TestUIElement.js');
+var FpsCounter = require('./FpsCounter.js');
+var ConsoleOverlay = require('./ConsoleOverlay.js');
+
+class OverworldScene {
+  constructor() {
+  }
+
+  init() {
+    this.player = new Player();
+    this.plane = new TestPlane();
+    this.camera = new PlayerCamera(this.player);
+
+    this.testUi = new TestUIElement();
+    UI.add(this.testUi);
+
+    this.fpsCounter = new FpsCounter();
+    UI.addOverlay(this.fpsCounter);
+
+    this.consoleOverlay = new ConsoleOverlay();
+    UI.addOverlay(this.consoleOverlay);
+  }
+
+  lateUpdate() {
+    this.camera.update();
+  }
+
+  dispose() {
+    this.camera.dispose();
+    this.player.dispose();
+    this.plane.dispose();
+
+    // testUi.dispose() cascades to its background/label children and
+    // removes itself from UI's render roots -- no separate UI.remove()
+    // needed.
+    this.testUi.dispose();
+    this.fpsCounter.dispose();
+    this.consoleOverlay.dispose();
+
+    this.camera = null; 
+    this.player = null;
+    this.plane = null;
+    this.testUi = null;
+    this.fpsCounter = null;
+    this.consoleOverlay = null;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = OverworldScene;
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+class Player extends Entity {
+  constructor() {
+    super();
+
+    this.position = this.add(POSITION);
+    this.position.setLocalPosition(0.0, 2.0, 0.0);
+
+    this.physics = this.add(PHYSICS);
+    this.physics.setShape(PHYSICS_SHAPE_CAPSULE, 0.5, 0.5);
+
+    this.renderable = this.add(RENDERABLE);
+    this.renderable.setMesh(0, MESH_CAPSULE);
+    this.renderable.setColor(0, 0, 255, 255);
+
+    this.add(PLAYER);
+  }
+
+  dispose() {
+    
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Player;
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+var CAMERA_OFFSET_ANGLE = 0.0;
+var CAMERA_OFFSET_RADIUS = 18.0;
+var CAMERA_OFFSET_HEIGHT = 10.0;
+
+class PlayerCamera extends Entity {
+  constructor(target) {
+    super();
+    this.target = target;
+
+    this.position = this.add(POSITION);
+    this.add(CAMERA);
+
+    this.update();
+  }
+
+  update() {
+    var targetPosition = this.target.position.getLocalPosition();
+
+    var eyeX = (
+      targetPosition.x + Math.cos(CAMERA_OFFSET_ANGLE) * CAMERA_OFFSET_RADIUS
+    );
+    var eyeY = (
+      targetPosition.y + CAMERA_OFFSET_HEIGHT
+    );
+    var eyeZ = (
+      targetPosition.z + Math.sin(CAMERA_OFFSET_ANGLE) * CAMERA_OFFSET_RADIUS
+    );
+
+    this.position.lookAt(
+      eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ,
+      targetPosition.x, targetPosition.y, targetPosition.z,
+      0.0, 1.0, 0.0
+    );
+  }
+
+  dispose() {
+    this.target = null;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = PlayerCamera;
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+var Menu = require('./Menu.js');
+var Tab = require('./Tab.js');
+var Confirm = require('./Confirm.js');
+var SettingsGeneral = require('./SettingsGeneral.js');
+var SettingsInput = require('./SettingsInput.js');
+
+// Display/Audio pages are deliberately not here -- neither has any real
+// engine system behind it, even in the old code (no resolution/
+// fullscreen system, no audio subsystem at all).
+var TABS = [
+  { name: 'General', ctor: SettingsGeneral },
+  { name: 'Input', ctor: SettingsInput }
+];
+
+// Owns a tabs Menu (General/Input) and swaps in the active tab's page
+// widgets into a second, page-scoped Menu -- both Menus are open on the
+// navigation stack simultaneously (tabsMenu below, pageMenu on top),
+// matching the old settings screen's nested-menu behavior. Switching
+// away from a dirty page opens a Confirm first.
+class Settings extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.tabsMenu = new Menu();
+    this.tabsMenu.cols = TABS.length;
+    this.add(this.tabsMenu);
+
+    this.tabs = TABS.map((def, index) => {
+      const tab = new Tab();
+      tab.text = def.name;
+      tab.x = index * 90;
+      this.tabsMenu.addItem(tab);
+      return tab;
+    });
+
+    this.tabsMenu.onSelected = (index) => this._activateTab(index);
+
+    this.page = null;
+    this.pageMenu = null;
+    this._activeTabIndex = -1;
+  }
+
+  open() {
+    UI.add(this);
+    this.tabsMenu.open();
+    this._activateTab(0);
+  }
+
+  close() {
+    this.tabsMenu.close();
+    if(this.pageMenu) this.pageMenu.close();
+    UI.remove(this);
+  }
+
+  _activateTab(index) {
+    if(index === this._activeTabIndex) return;
+
+    if(this.page && this.page.hasChanges && this.page.hasChanges()) {
+      Confirm.open('Discard changes?', (confirmed) => {
+        if(confirmed) this._swapTab(index);
+      });
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this._swapTab(index);
+  }
+
+  _swapTab(index) {
+    // pageMenu.dispose() cascades to every widget the outgoing page
+    // handed it via menuItems -- the page itself is a plain object (see
+    // SettingsGeneral.js), nothing else to release.
+    if(this.pageMenu) this.pageMenu.dispose();
+
+    for(let i = 0; i < this.tabs.length; i++) {
+      this.tabs[i].setHighlighted(i === index);
+    }
+
+    const def = TABS[index];
+    this.page = new def.ctor();
+    if(this.page.load) this.page.load();
+
+    this.pageMenu = new Menu();
+    this.pageMenu.y = 40;
+    const items = this.page.menuItems || [];
+    for(let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) this.pageMenu.addItem(items[i]);
+    this.add(this.pageMenu);
+    this.pageMenu.open();
+
+    this._activeTabIndex = index;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = Settings;
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+var Dropdown = require('./Dropdown.js');
+var Button = require('./Button.js');
+
+// A plain class, not a UIElement -- it owns no visual tree of its own.
+// Its widgets are handed to Settings.js's pageMenu (via menuItems),
+// which owns their parenting/rendering/disposal; this only holds
+// load()/apply()/hasChanges() logic, mirroring the old settings system's
+// per-tab def struct.
+class SettingsGeneral {
+  constructor() {
+    this.dropdown = new Dropdown();
+    this.dropdown.text = 'Language';
+    this.dropdown.options = ['en-US', 'ja-JP', 'es-MX'];
+
+    this.applyButton = new Button();
+    this.applyButton.text = 'Apply';
+    this.applyButton.y = 40;
+    this.applyButton.onSelect = () => this.apply();
+
+    this._loadedIndex = 0;
+  }
+
+  get menuItems() {
+    return [this.dropdown, this.applyButton];
+  }
+
+  load() {
+    const index = this.dropdown.options.indexOf(Locale.current);
+    this.dropdown.selectedIndex = index >= 0 ? index : 0;
+    this._loadedIndex = this.dropdown.selectedIndex;
+  }
+
+  apply() {
+    Locale.set(this.dropdown.options[this.dropdown.selectedIndex]);
+    this._loadedIndex = this.dropdown.selectedIndex;
+  }
+
+  hasChanges() {
+    return this.dropdown.selectedIndex !== this._loadedIndex;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = SettingsGeneral;
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+var Slider = require('./Slider.js');
+var Button = require('./Button.js');
+
+// A plain class, not a UIElement -- see SettingsGeneral.js for why.
+class SettingsInput {
+  constructor() {
+    this.deadzoneSlider = new Slider();
+    this.deadzoneSlider.text = 'Deadzone';
+    this.deadzoneSlider.min = 0;
+    this.deadzoneSlider.max = 1;
+    this.deadzoneSlider.step = 0.05;
+
+    this.applyButton = new Button();
+    this.applyButton.text = 'Apply';
+    this.applyButton.y = 40;
+    this.applyButton.onSelect = () => this.apply();
+
+    this._loadedValue = 0;
+  }
+
+  get menuItems() {
+    return [this.deadzoneSlider, this.applyButton];
+  }
+
+  load() {
+    this.deadzoneSlider.value = Input.deadzone;
+    this._loadedValue = this.deadzoneSlider.value;
+  }
+
+  apply() {
+    Input.deadzone = this.deadzoneSlider.value;
+    Save.write();
+    this._loadedValue = this.deadzoneSlider.value;
+  }
+
+  hasChanges() {
+    return this.deadzoneSlider.value !== this._loadedValue;
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = SettingsInput;
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// Name label + value label + a track/fill Rectangle pair. Unlike Button,
+// a Slider doesn't fire on ACCEPT -- it consumes LEFT/RIGHT itself via
+// directionInput(), stepping value with wraparound at min/max, which is
+// how a Menu gives the currently-highlighted item first refusal on
+// direction input before falling back to moving the cursor.
+class Slider extends UIElement {
+  init() {
+    this.nameLabel = new Label();
+    this.add(this.nameLabel);
+
+    this.valueLabel = new Label();
+    this.valueLabel.x = 100;
+    this.add(this.valueLabel);
+
+    this.track = new Rectangle();
+    this.track.y = 16;
+    this.track.width = 100;
+    this.track.height = 4;
+    this.track.color = Slider.COLOR_TRACK;
+    this.add(this.track);
+
+    this.fill = new Rectangle();
+    this.fill.y = 16;
+    this.fill.height = 4;
+    this.fill.color = Slider.COLOR_FILL;
+    this.add(this.fill);
+
+    this._min = 0;
+    this._max = 1;
+    this.step = 0.1;
+    this._value = 0;
+    this.highlighted = false;
+    this.onChange = null;
+
+    this._refresh();
+  }
+
+  get text() { return this.nameLabel.text; }
+  set text(value) { this.nameLabel.text = value; }
+
+  get min() { return this._min; }
+  set min(value) { this._min = value; this._refresh(); }
+
+  get max() { return this._max; }
+  set max(value) { this._max = value; this._refresh(); }
+
+  get value() { return this._value; }
+  set value(v) {
+    this._value = Math.min(this._max, Math.max(this._min, v));
+    this._refresh();
+    if(this.onChange) this.onChange(this._value);
+  }
+
+  setHighlighted(highlighted) {
+    this.highlighted = highlighted;
+    this.nameLabel.color = highlighted
+      ? Slider.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED
+      : Slider.COLOR_NORMAL;
+  }
+
+  directionInput(dx, dy) {
+    if(dx === 0) return false;
+
+    let next = this._value + dx * this.step;
+    const range = this._max - this._min;
+    if(range > 0) {
+      // Wrap within [min, max) rather than clamp, matching the old
+      // slider's step-with-wraparound behavior.
+      next = this._min + (((next - this._min) % range) + range) % range;
+    }
+    this.value = next;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  _refresh() {
+    this.valueLabel.text = String(Math.round(this._value * 100) / 100);
+    const ratio = this._max > this._min
+      ? (this._value - this._min) / (this._max - this._min)
+      : 0;
+    this.fill.width = this.track.width * ratio;
+  }
+}
+
+Slider.COLOR_NORMAL = { r: 255, g: 255, b: 255, a: 255 };
+Slider.COLOR_HIGHLIGHTED = { r: 255, g: 0, b: 0, a: 255 };
+Slider.COLOR_TRACK = { r: 80, g: 80, b: 80, a: 255 };
+Slider.COLOR_FILL = { r: 0, g: 160, b: 220, a: 255 };
+
+module.exports = Slider;
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More