Add uimodal dialog; uibutton reuses uilabel

uibutton now embeds a uilabel instead of drawing its text directly,
caching glyph sprites since a button's label never changes after
init. uimenu.c's item pointer in uiMenuDraw drops its unnecessary
const so uiButtonDraw can update the button's cache.

Also fixes remaining #include "ui/frame/uiframe.h" references left
over from uiframe's move to ui/widget/.

uimodal is a new generalized dialog (title + message + up to
UI_MODAL_OPTIONS_MAX option buttons) built the same way uiconfirm is,
but driven by a caller-supplied option list instead of a fixed
confirm/cancel pair.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/dusk/console/console.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include "dusk.h"
 #include "thread/thread.h"
 
-#define CONSOLE_LINE_MAX 512
+#define CONSOLE_LINE_MAX 128
 #define CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX 16
 #define CONSOLE_EXEC_BUFFER_MAX 32
 

src/dusk/ui/debug/uiconsole.c

@@ -6,23 +6,34 @@
  */
 
 #include "uiconsole.h"
-#include "console/console.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 
+uiconsole_t UICONSOLE;
+
+errorret_t uiConsoleInit(void) {
+  float_t lineH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX; i++) {
+    uiLabelInit(
+      &UICONSOLE.labels[i],
+      CONSOLE.line[i],
+      UICONSOLE.sprites[i], CONSOLE_LINE_MAX
+    );
+    uiLabelSetX(&UICONSOLE.labels[i], (float_t)SCREEN.scanX);
+    uiLabelSetY(&UICONSOLE.labels[i], (float_t)SCREEN.scanY + lineH * (float_t)i);
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
 errorret_t uiConsoleDraw(void) {
   if(!CONSOLE.visible) errorOk();
 
-  float_t lineH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
   for(uint32_t i = 0; i < CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX; i++) {
-    errorChain(textDraw(
+    UICONSOLE.labels[i].dirty = true;
-      (float_t)SCREEN.scanX,
+    errorChain(uiLabelRender(&UICONSOLE.labels[i], COLOR_RED));
-      (float_t)SCREEN.scanY + lineH * (float_t)i,
-      CONSOLE.line[i],
-      COLOR_RED,
-      &FONT_DEFAULT
-    ));
   }
   return spriteBatchFlush();
 }

src/dusk/ui/debug/uiconsole.h

@@ -7,6 +7,22 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "console/console.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  uilabel_t labels[CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX][CONSOLE_LINE_MAX];
+} uiconsole_t;
+
+extern uiconsole_t UICONSOLE;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the console's history labels.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiConsoleInit(void);
 
 /**
  * Renders the console history into the scan-safe area.

src/dusk/ui/debug/uifps.c

@@ -1,22 +1,48 @@
 /**
  * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
- * 
+ *
  * This software is released under the MIT License.
  * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
  */
 
 #include "uifps.h"
 #include "time/time.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
-#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 
 uifps_t UIFPS;
 
-errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
+errorret_t uiFPSInit() {
-  char_t fpsText[32];
+  uiLabelInit(
+    &UIFPS.fpsLabel,
+    UIFPS.fpsText,
+    UIFPS.fpsSprites, UI_FPS_SPRITES_MAX
+  );
+  uiLabelSetX(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, (float_t)SCREEN.scanX);
+  uiLabelSetY(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, (float_t)SCREEN.scanY);
 
+  uiLabelInit(
+    &UIFPS.versionLabel,
+    UIFPS.versionText,
+    UIFPS.versionSprites, UI_FPS_VERSION_SPRITES_MAX
+  );
+  stringCopy(UIFPS.versionText, ENGINE.version, UI_FPS_VERSION_TEXT_MAX - 1);
+  UIFPS.versionLabel.dirty = true;
+  uiLabelRebuffer(&UIFPS.versionLabel);
+  uiLabelSetX(&UIFPS.versionLabel, (float_t)(
+    SCREEN.scanX + SCREEN.scanWidth - UIFPS.versionLabel.width
+  ));
+  uiLabelSetY(&UIFPS.versionLabel, (float_t)(
+    SCREEN.scanY + SCREEN.scanHeight - UIFPS.versionLabel.height
+  ));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
   // Get now.
   dusktimeepoch_t now = timeGetEpoch();
   double_t delta = now.time - UIFPS.lastTick.time;
@@ -33,13 +59,14 @@ errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
     UIFPS.fpsAverage = alpha * fps + (1.0f - alpha) * UIFPS.fpsAverage;
   }
 
-  snprintf(
+  stringFormat(
-    fpsText,
+    UIFPS.fpsText,
-    sizeof(fpsText),
+    UI_FPS_TEXT_MAX - 1,
     "%.1f/%.1fms",
     UIFPS.fpsAverage,
     delta * 1000.0f
   );
+  UIFPS.fpsLabel.dirty = true;
 
   color_t textColor;
   if(fps >= 55.0f) {
@@ -50,23 +77,10 @@ errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
     textColor = COLOR_RED;
   }
 
-  errorChain(textDraw(
+  errorChain(uiLabelRender(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, textColor));
-    (float_t)SCREEN.scanX,
-    (float_t)SCREEN.scanY,
-    fpsText, textColor,
-    &FONT_DEFAULT
-  ));
   errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
 
-  int32_t versionWidth, versionHeight;
+  errorChain(uiLabelRender(&UIFPS.versionLabel, color(255, 255, 255, 128)));
-  textMeasure(ENGINE.version, &FONT_DEFAULT, &versionWidth, &versionHeight);
-  errorChain(textDraw(
-    (float_t)(SCREEN.scanX + SCREEN.scanWidth - versionWidth),
-    (float_t)(SCREEN.scanY + SCREEN.scanHeight - versionHeight),
-    ENGINE.version,
-    color(255, 255, 255, 128),
-    &FONT_DEFAULT
-  ));
 
   return spriteBatchFlush();
-}
+}

src/dusk/ui/debug/uifps.h

@@ -8,17 +8,38 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "time/timeepoch.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+
+#define UI_FPS_TEXT_MAX 32
+#define UI_FPS_SPRITES_MAX UI_FPS_TEXT_MAX
+#define UI_FPS_VERSION_TEXT_MAX 32
+#define UI_FPS_VERSION_SPRITES_MAX UI_FPS_VERSION_TEXT_MAX
 
 typedef struct {
   dusktimeepoch_t lastTick;
   float_t fpsAverage;
+
+  uilabel_t fpsLabel;
+  char_t fpsText[UI_FPS_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t fpsSprites[UI_FPS_SPRITES_MAX];
+
+  uilabel_t versionLabel;
+  char_t versionText[UI_FPS_VERSION_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t versionSprites[UI_FPS_VERSION_SPRITES_MAX];
 } uifps_t;
 
 extern uifps_t UIFPS;
 
+/**
+ * Initializes the FPS counter's labels.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFPSInit();
+
 /**
  * Draws the FPS counter on the screen, and also does the update (for now).
- * 
+ *
  * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
 errorret_t uiFPSDraw();

src/dusk/ui/debug/uiplayerpos.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uiplayerpos.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
@@ -13,6 +14,22 @@
 #include "rpg/entity/entitytype.h"
 #include "rpg/overworld/worldpos.h"
 
+uiplayerpos_t UIPLAYERPOS;
+
+errorret_t uiPlayerPosInit() {
+  uiLabelInit(
+    &UIPLAYERPOS.label,
+    UIPLAYERPOS.text,
+    UIPLAYERPOS.sprites, UI_PLAYERPOS_SPRITES_MAX
+  );
+  uiLabelSetX(&UIPLAYERPOS.label, (float_t)SCREEN.scanX);
+  uiLabelSetY(&UIPLAYERPOS.label, (float_t)SCREEN.scanY +
+    (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight
+  );
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
 errorret_t uiPlayerPosDraw() {
   entity_t *player = NULL;
   for(uint8_t i = 0; i < ENTITY_COUNT; i++) {
@@ -26,10 +43,9 @@ errorret_t uiPlayerPosDraw() {
   chunkpos_t chunkPos;
   worldPosToChunkPos(&player->position, &chunkPos);
 
-  char_t text[64];
+  stringFormat(
-  snprintf(
+    UIPLAYERPOS.text,
-    text,
+    UI_PLAYERPOS_TEXT_MAX - 1,
-    sizeof(text),
     "%d,%d,%d[%d,%d,%d]",
     (int_t)player->position.x,
     (int_t)player->position.y,
@@ -38,11 +54,8 @@ errorret_t uiPlayerPosDraw() {
     (int_t)chunkPos.y,
     (int_t)chunkPos.z
   );
+  UIPLAYERPOS.label.dirty = true;
 
-  float_t y = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY +
+  errorChain(uiLabelRender(&UIPLAYERPOS.label, COLOR_GREEN));
-    (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
-  errorChain(textDraw(
-    (float_t)SCREEN.scanX, y, text, COLOR_GREEN, &FONT_DEFAULT
-  ));
   return spriteBatchFlush();
 }

src/dusk/ui/debug/uiplayerpos.h

@@ -7,6 +7,25 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+
+#define UI_PLAYERPOS_TEXT_MAX 64
+#define UI_PLAYERPOS_SPRITES_MAX UI_PLAYERPOS_TEXT_MAX
+
+typedef struct {
+  uilabel_t label;
+  char_t text[UI_PLAYERPOS_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[UI_PLAYERPOS_SPRITES_MAX];
+} uiplayerpos_t;
+
+extern uiplayerpos_t UIPLAYERPOS;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the player position label.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiPlayerPosInit();
 
 /**
  * Draws the player world and chunk position on screen.

src/dusk/ui/frame/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
 
 target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   PUBLIC
-    uiframe.c
     uiconfirm.c
+    uimodal.c
 )
 
 add_subdirectory(game)

src/dusk/ui/frame/backpack/uibackpack.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uibackpack.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "rpg/item/backpack.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "util/string.h"

src/dusk/ui/frame/battle/uibattlemenu.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uibattlemenu.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "util/string.h"

src/dusk/ui/frame/game/uigamemenu.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uigamemenu.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "ui/frame/uiconfirm.h"
 #include "ui/frame/backpack/uibackpack.h"
 #include "ui/rpg/textbox/uitextboxmain.h"

src/dusk/ui/frame/mainmenu/uimainmenu.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uimainmenu.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "scene/scene.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 #include "rpg/battle/testbattle/testbattle.h"

src/dusk/ui/frame/uiconfirm.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uiconfirm.h"
-#include "uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "util/string.h"

src/dusk/ui/frame/uimodal.c

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uimodal.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "util/math.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+
+#define UI_MODAL_BACKDROP_COLOR color4b(0, 0, 0, 160)
+
+uimodal_t UI_MODAL;
+
+void uiModalSelected(
+  const uimenu_t *menu,
+  const uint8_t index,
+  const uimenuitem_t *item
+) {
+  UI_MODAL.result = index;
+  uiModalClose();
+}
+
+void uiModalClosed(const uimenu_t *menu) {
+  if(UI_MODAL.callback != NULL) {
+    UI_MODAL.callback(UI_MODAL.result, UI_MODAL.user);
+  }
+}
+
+errorret_t uiModalInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&UI_MODAL, sizeof(uimodal_t));
+
+  uiLabelInit(
+    &UI_MODAL.titleLabel, UI_MODAL.titleText,
+    UI_MODAL.titleSprites, UI_MODAL_TITLE_SPRITES_MAX
+  );
+  uiLabelInit(
+    &UI_MODAL.messageLabel, UI_MODAL.messageText,
+    UI_MODAL.messageSprites, UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_SPRITES_MAX
+  );
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiModalDraw(void) {
+  if(!uiMenuIsActive(&UI_MODAL.menu)) errorOk();
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t backdropSprite = {
+    .min = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .max = { (float_t)SCREEN.width, (float_t)SCREEN.height, 0.0f },
+    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+  shadermaterial_t backdropMaterial = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = UI_MODAL_BACKDROP_COLOR,
+      .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
+    }
+  };
+  errorChain(
+    spriteBatchBuffer(&backdropSprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, backdropMaterial)
+  );
+  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+
+  float_t rowHeight = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+  float_t contentWidth = mathMax(
+    mathMax(
+      (float_t)UI_MODAL.titleLabel.width, (float_t)UI_MODAL.messageLabel.width
+    ),
+    UI_MODAL_MIN_WIDTH - (UI_FRAME_START_X * 2)
+  );
+  float_t width = contentWidth + (UI_FRAME_START_X * 2);
+  float_t height = (UI_FRAME_START_Y * 2)
+    + (float_t)UI_MODAL.titleLabel.height + UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y
+    + (float_t)UI_MODAL.messageLabel.height + UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y
+    + rowHeight;
+
+  float_t x = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX +
+    ((float_t)SCREEN.scanWidth - width) * 0.5f;
+  float_t y = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY +
+    ((float_t)SCREEN.scanHeight - height) * 0.5f;
+
+  errorChain(uiFrameDraw(x, y, width, height));
+
+  float_t contentX = x + UI_FRAME_START_X;
+  float_t contentY = y + UI_FRAME_START_Y;
+
+  uiLabelSetX(&UI_MODAL.titleLabel, contentX);
+  uiLabelSetY(&UI_MODAL.titleLabel, contentY);
+  errorChain(uiLabelRender(&UI_MODAL.titleLabel, COLOR_WHITE));
+
+  float_t messageY = contentY + (float_t)UI_MODAL.titleLabel.height +
+    UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y;
+  uiLabelSetX(&UI_MODAL.messageLabel, contentX);
+  uiLabelSetY(&UI_MODAL.messageLabel, messageY);
+  errorChain(uiLabelRender(&UI_MODAL.messageLabel, COLOR_WHITE));
+
+  float_t buttonsY = messageY + (float_t)UI_MODAL.messageLabel.height +
+    UI_FRAME_PADDING_Y;
+  errorChain(
+    uiMenuDraw(&UI_MODAL.menu, contentX, buttonsY, contentWidth, rowHeight)
+  );
+
+  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+bool_t uiModalIsOpen(void) {
+  return uiMenuIsActive(&UI_MODAL.menu);
+}
+
+uint8_t uiModalGetResult(void) {
+  return UI_MODAL.result;
+}
+
+void uiModalOpen(
+  const char_t *title,
+  const char_t *message,
+  const char_t **options,
+  const uint8_t optionCount,
+  uimodalcallback_t callback,
+  void *user
+) {
+  assertNotNull(title, "Title cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(message, "Message cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(options, "Options cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(optionCount > 0, "Must have at least one option");
+  assertTrue(
+    optionCount <= UI_MODAL_OPTIONS_MAX, "Too many options for modal"
+  );
+
+  stringCopy(UI_MODAL.titleText, title, UI_MODAL_TITLE_TEXT_MAX - 1);
+  UI_MODAL.titleLabel.dirty = true;
+  uiLabelRebuffer(&UI_MODAL.titleLabel);
+
+  stringCopy(UI_MODAL.messageText, message, UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_TEXT_MAX - 1);
+  UI_MODAL.messageLabel.dirty = true;
+  uiLabelRebuffer(&UI_MODAL.messageLabel);
+
+  UI_MODAL.callback = callback;
+  UI_MODAL.user = user;
+  UI_MODAL.result = UI_MODAL_RESULT_NONE;
+
+  MENU_BEGIN(
+    &UI_MODAL.menu, UI_MODAL.options, uiModalSelected, uiModalClosed, NULL
+  );
+  for(uint8_t i = 0; i < optionCount; i++) {
+    MENU_BUTTON(options[i]);
+  }
+  MENU_END(UI_MODAL.options, menuIndex);
+
+  uiMenuOpen(&UI_MODAL.menu);
+}
+
+void uiModalClose(void) {
+  uiMenuClose(&UI_MODAL.menu);
+}
+
+errorret_t uiModalDispose(void) {
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/ui/frame/uimodal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uimenu.h"
+
+#define UI_MODAL_TITLE_TEXT_MAX 64
+#define UI_MODAL_TITLE_SPRITES_MAX UI_MODAL_TITLE_TEXT_MAX
+#define UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_TEXT_MAX 256
+#define UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_SPRITES_MAX UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_TEXT_MAX
+#define UI_MODAL_OPTIONS_MAX 4
+#define UI_MODAL_MIN_WIDTH 160.0f
+#define UI_MODAL_RESULT_NONE 0xFF
+
+/**
+ * Callback invoked once a modal is dismissed.
+ *
+ * @param optionIndex Index into the options array passed to uiModalOpen
+ * that was selected, or UI_MODAL_RESULT_NONE if backed out of without
+ * selecting an option.
+ * @param user Arbitrary pointer passed to uiModalOpen.
+ */
+typedef void (*uimodalcallback_t)(const uint8_t optionIndex, void *user);
+
+typedef struct {
+  uilabel_t titleLabel;
+  char_t titleText[UI_MODAL_TITLE_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t titleSprites[UI_MODAL_TITLE_SPRITES_MAX];
+
+  uilabel_t messageLabel;
+  char_t messageText[UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t messageSprites[UI_MODAL_MESSAGE_SPRITES_MAX];
+
+  uimenu_t menu;
+  uimenuitem_t options[UI_MODAL_OPTIONS_MAX];
+
+  uimodalcallback_t callback;
+  void *user;
+  uint8_t result;
+} uimodal_t;
+
+extern uimodal_t UI_MODAL;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the modal dialog.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiModalInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Draws the modal dialog: a semi-transparent black backdrop covering the
+ * whole screen, then its own centered frame with the title, message, and
+ * option buttons. No-op when not open.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiModalDraw(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns true when the modal dialog is currently open.
+ *
+ * @returns True if open.
+ */
+bool_t uiModalIsOpen(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the result of the most recently dismissed modal.
+ *
+ * @returns The selected option index, or UI_MODAL_RESULT_NONE.
+ */
+uint8_t uiModalGetResult(void);
+
+/**
+ * Opens the modal dialog with the given title, message, and options.
+ * callback is invoked exactly once with the result, whether the dialog
+ * was dismissed by selecting an option or by pressing cancel/back.
+ *
+ * @param title Display title; copied internally, safe to be transient.
+ * @param message Display message; copied internally, safe to be
+ * transient.
+ * @param options Array of option label strings; NOT copied internally,
+ * the pointers are stored directly by the underlying buttons, so they
+ * must remain valid for as long as the modal is open (e.g. string
+ * literals or locale-owned strings).
+ * @param optionCount Number of options, from 1 to UI_MODAL_OPTIONS_MAX.
+ * @param callback Called with the result once the dialog closes. May be
+ * NULL.
+ * @param user Arbitrary pointer passed through to callback.
+ */
+void uiModalOpen(
+  const char_t *title,
+  const char_t *message,
+  const char_t **options,
+  const uint8_t optionCount,
+  uimodalcallback_t callback,
+  void *user
+);
+
+/**
+ * Closes the modal dialog. No-op when already closed.
+ */
+void uiModalClose(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the modal dialog.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiModalDispose(void);

src/dusk/ui/rpg/textbox/uitextbox.c

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #include "display/color.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 
 void uiTextboxInit(
   uitextbox_t *box,

src/dusk/ui/rpg/textbox/uitextboxmain.c

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "display/color.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 
 uitextboxmain_t UI_TEXTBOX_MAIN;
 static uifocusitem_t *focusItem = NULL;

src/dusk/ui/rpg/textbox/uitextboxmini.c

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "rpg/rpgcamera.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 
 void uiTextboxMiniInit(uitextboxmini_t *mini) {
   assertNotNull(mini, "Mini textbox cannot be NULL");

src/dusk/ui/uielement.c

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "uielement.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 
 bool_t uiElementIsNull(const uielement_t *element) {

src/dusk/ui/uielementlist.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "uielementlist.h"
-#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uiframe.h"
 #include "ui/debug/uifps.h"
 #include "ui/overlay/uifullbox.h"
 #include "ui/overlay/uiloading.h"
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "ui/frame/battle/uibattlehud.h"
 #include "ui/frame/backpack/uibackpack.h"
 #include "ui/frame/uiconfirm.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uimodal.h"
 #include "ui/rpg/textbox/uitextboxmain.h"
 #include "ui/rpg/textbox/uitextboxminilist.h"
 #include "ui/rpg/uiemoji.h"
@@ -89,6 +90,11 @@ uielement_t UI_ELEMENTS[] = {
     .draw = uiConfirmDraw,
     .dispose = uiConfirmDispose
   },
+  {
+    .init = uiModalInit,
+    .draw = uiModalDraw,
+    .dispose = uiModalDispose
+  },
 
   {
     .init = uiTextboxMainInit,
@@ -133,9 +139,9 @@ uielement_t UI_ELEMENTS[] = {
   // ===========================================================================
   // Debug components, disregards everything else.
   // ===========================================================================
-  { .draw = uiConsoleDraw },
+  { .init = uiConsoleInit, .draw = uiConsoleDraw },
-  { .draw = uiFPSDraw },
+  { .init = uiFPSInit, .draw = uiFPSDraw },
-  { .draw = uiPlayerPosDraw },
+  { .init = uiPlayerPosInit, .draw = uiPlayerPosDraw },
 
   // ===========================================================================
   // Null terminator

src/dusk/ui/widget/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   PUBLIC
     uibutton.c
     uicheckbox.c
+    uiframe.c
     uilabel.c
     uitab.c
     uislider.c

src/dusk/ui/widget/uibutton.c

@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@
 #include "uibutton.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
-#include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/color.h"
 
 void uiButtonInit(uibutton_t *button, const char_t *label) {
   assertNotNull(button, "Button cannot be NULL");
   assertNotNull(label, "Label cannot be NULL");
+
   memoryZero(button, sizeof(uibutton_t));
-  button->label = label;
+  uiLabelInit(&button->label, label, button->sprites, UI_BUTTON_SPRITES_MAX);
+  button->label.dirty = true;
 }
 
 bool_t uiButtonIsHighlighted(const uibutton_t *button) {
@@ -29,15 +30,16 @@ void uiButtonSetHighlighted(uibutton_t *button, const bool_t highlighted) {
 }
 
 errorret_t uiButtonDraw(
-  const uibutton_t *button,
+  uibutton_t *button,
   const float_t x,
   const float_t y
 ) {
   assertNotNull(button, "Button cannot be NULL");
-  errorChain(textDraw(
+
-    x, y, button->label,
+  uiLabelSetX(&button->label, x);
-    button->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE,
+  uiLabelSetY(&button->label, y);
-    &FONT_DEFAULT
+
-  ));
+  return uiLabelRender(
-  errorOk();
+    &button->label, button->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE
+  );
 }

src/dusk/ui/widget/uibutton.h

@@ -7,9 +7,13 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+
+#define UI_BUTTON_SPRITES_MAX 32
 
 typedef struct {
-  const char_t *label;
+  uilabel_t label;
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[UI_BUTTON_SPRITES_MAX];
   bool_t highlighted;
 } uibutton_t;
 
@@ -17,7 +21,8 @@ typedef struct {
  * Initializes a button.
  *
  * @param button The button to initialize.
- * @param label Display label.
+ * @param label Display label; never written to, safe to be a caller-
+ * owned or immutable string.
  */
 void uiButtonInit(uibutton_t *button, const char_t *label);
 
@@ -46,7 +51,7 @@ void uiButtonSetHighlighted(uibutton_t *button, const bool_t highlighted);
  * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
 errorret_t uiButtonDraw(
-  const uibutton_t *button,
+  uibutton_t *button,
   const float_t x,
   const float_t y
 );

src/dusk/ui/widget/uilabel.c

@@ -6,25 +6,25 @@
  */
 
 #include "uilabel.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
-#include "util/string.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
 
-void uiLabelInit(uilabel_t *label, const char_t *text) {
+void uiLabelInit(
+  uilabel_t *label,
+  const char_t *text,
+  spritebatchsprite_t *sprites,
+  const int32_t spritesMax
+) {
+  assertNotNull(text, "Text buffer cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(sprites, "Sprites buffer cannot be NULL");
+
   memoryZero(label, sizeof(uilabel_t));
-  uiLabelSetText(label, text);
+  label->text = text;
-}
+  label->sprites = sprites;
-
+  label->spritesMax = spritesMax;
-void uiLabelSetText(uilabel_t *label, const char_t *text) {
-  if(stringCompare(label->text, text) == 0) return;
-  stringCopy(label->text, text, UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX);
-  label->dirty = true;
-}
-
-const char_t * uiLabelGetText(const uilabel_t *label) {
-  return label->text;
 }
 
 void uiLabelSetX(uilabel_t *label, const float_t x) {
@@ -49,6 +49,19 @@ float_t uiLabelGetY(const uilabel_t *label) {
 
 void uiLabelRebuffer(uilabel_t *label) {
   if(!label->dirty) return;
+
+  textMeasure(label->text, &FONT_DEFAULT, &label->width, &label->height);
+
+  int32_t charIndex = 0;
+  float_t posX = label->x;
+  float_t posY = label->y;
+  label->spriteCount = textBuffer(
+    label->x, label->y, label->text, &FONT_DEFAULT,
+    label->sprites, label->spritesMax,
+    &charIndex, &posX, &posY
+  );
+
+  label->dirty = false;
 }
 
 errorret_t uiLabelRender(uilabel_t *label, const color_t color) {
@@ -62,7 +75,7 @@ errorret_t uiLabelRender(uilabel_t *label, const color_t color) {
     }
   };
   errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(
-    label->buffer, label->spriteCount, &SHADER_UNLIT, material
+    label->sprites, label->spriteCount, &SHADER_UNLIT, material
   ));
 
   errorOk();

src/dusk/ui/widget/uilabel.h

@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
 #include "display/color.h"
 
-#define UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX 128
-
 typedef struct {
-  char_t text[UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  const char_t *text;
-  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  spritebatchsprite_t *sprites;
-  spritebatchsprite_t buffer[UI_LABEL_TEXT_MAX];
+  int32_t spritesMax;
   uint32_t spriteCount;
   int32_t width;
   int32_t height;
@@ -25,28 +23,23 @@ typedef struct {
 } uilabel_t;
 
 /**
- * Initializes a label.
+ * Initializes a label. The caller owns the text buffer and writes its
+ * contents directly (setting label->dirty afterwards); call
+ * uiLabelRebuffer or uiLabelRender to rebuild the cached sprites.
  *
  * @param label The label to initialize.
- * @param text Display text; copied internally, safe to be transient.
+ * @param text Caller-owned, null-terminated string the label reads from
+ * directly; never written to by the label. Cannot be NULL.
+ * @param sprites Caller-owned sprite buffer the label writes cached
+ * glyph sprites into. Cannot be NULL.
+ * @param spritesMax Number of sprites the sprites buffer can hold.
  */
-void uiLabelInit(uilabel_t *label, const char_t *text);
+void uiLabelInit(
-
+  uilabel_t *label,
-/**
+  const char_t *text,
- * Sets the display text of the label, rebuilding its cached sprites.
+  spritebatchsprite_t *sprites,
- *
+  const int32_t spritesMax
- * @param label The label to update.
+);
- * @param text Display text; copied internally, safe to be transient.
- */
-void uiLabelSetText(uilabel_t *label, const char_t *text);
-
-/**
- * Returns the display text of the label.
- *
- * @param label The label to query.
- * @returns The label's text.
- */
-const char_t * uiLabelGetText(const uilabel_t *label);
 
 /**
  * Sets the screen x position of the label.
@@ -81,10 +74,9 @@ void uiLabelSetY(uilabel_t *label, const float_t y);
 float_t uiLabelGetY(const uilabel_t *label);
 
 /**
- * Rebuffers the label: rebuilds its cached local-space sprites if the
+ * Rebuffers the label's cached sprites from its current text at its
- * text has changed, then re-translates them into its render buffer at
+ * current x/y position. No-op unless the label is dirty. Called
- * its current x/y position. Called internally by uiLabelRender when
+ * internally by uiLabelRender.
- * either dirty flag is set.
  *
  * @param label The label to rebuffer.
  */

src/dusk/ui/widget/uimenu.c

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ errorret_t uiMenuDraw(
   uint8_t row = 0;
 
   for(uint8_t i = 0; i < menu->itemCount; i++) {
-    const uimenuitem_t *item = &menu->items[i];
+    uimenuitem_t *item = &menu->items[i];
 
     if(item->type == UI_MENU_WIDGET_TYPE_LABEL) {
       if(col > 0) { row++; col = 0; }