Add asset, resource system, mesh formats, color, SDL3 display and example game

Asset directory with CMake add_asset (extension dispatched), plain file asset
access, resource/resource manager with async load thread and text loader,
URI utilities, mesh format helpers, generated color header, and example game
hooks wired through the engine.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <[email protected]>

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
 # Directories
 set(DUSK_ROOT_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
 set(DUSK_SOURCES_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/src")
+set(DUSK_ASSETS_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/assets")
+set(DUSK_BUILT_ASSETS_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/assets")
+set(DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/generated")
+file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR})
 
 project(DuskCore VERSION 1.0.0 LANGUAGES C)
 
@@ -65,9 +69,25 @@ if(DUSK_BACKTRACE)
   target_link_options(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC -rdynamic)
 endif()
 
+# Tools (run during the build to generate headers)
+add_subdirectory(tools)
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR}
+)
+
 # Core engine code
 add_subdirectory(${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR}/dusk)
 
+# Assets, copied into <build>/assets
+include(${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/cmake/asset/asset.cmake)
+# Separate binary dir, so <build>/assets only contains built assets.
+add_subdirectory(${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/assets ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/assets_cmake)
+dusk_assets_finalize(DuskAssets)
+add_dependencies(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} DuskAssets)
+
+# Game code
+add_subdirectory(${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR}/${DUSK_GAME})
+
 # Platform code
 foreach(DIR ${DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS})
   add_subdirectory(${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR}/${DIR})

assets/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+add_asset(cube.obj)

assets/cube.obj

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Unit cube, centered on the origin, with per face normals and UVs.
+o Cube
+
+v -0.5 -0.5 -0.5
+v  0.5 -0.5 -0.5
+v  0.5  0.5 -0.5
+v -0.5  0.5 -0.5
+v -0.5 -0.5  0.5
+v  0.5 -0.5  0.5
+v  0.5  0.5  0.5
+v -0.5  0.5  0.5
+
+vt 0.0 0.0
+vt 1.0 0.0
+vt 1.0 1.0
+vt 0.0 1.0
+
+vn  0.0  0.0 -1.0
+vn  0.0  0.0  1.0
+vn -1.0  0.0  0.0
+vn  1.0  0.0  0.0
+vn  0.0 -1.0  0.0
+vn  0.0  1.0  0.0
+
+# Back (-Z)
+f 2/1/1 1/2/1 4/3/1
+f 2/1/1 4/3/1 3/4/1
+# Front (+Z)
+f 5/1/2 6/2/2 7/3/2
+f 5/1/2 7/3/2 8/4/2
+# Left (-X)
+f 1/1/3 5/2/3 8/3/3
+f 1/1/3 8/3/3 4/4/3
+# Right (+X)
+f 6/1/4 2/2/4 3/3/4
+f 6/1/4 3/3/4 7/4/4
+# Bottom (-Y)
+f 1/1/5 2/2/5 6/3/5
+f 1/1/5 6/3/5 5/4/5
+# Top (+Y)
+f 8/1/6 7/2/6 3/3/6
+f 8/1/6 3/3/6 4/4/6

cmake/asset/asset.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Asset building. Include this from the root CMakeLists.txt.
+#
+# Assets are registered with add_asset() and built by dusk_assets_finalize().
+# Each asset is dispatched on its file extension to a handler function named
+# dusk_asset_<extension> (e.g. dusk_asset_obj), defined in its own file in this
+# directory. Extensions without a handler fall back to a plain copy.
+
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/copy.cmake)
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/obj.cmake)
+
+# Registers an asset to be built into the project. The path is relative to the
+# calling CMakeLists.txt, and is kept relative to the root assets directory in
+# the output, so assets/models/a.obj ends up at <build>/assets/models/a.obj.
+#
+# This only records the asset. The build rules are created by
+# dusk_assets_finalize() from the root CMakeLists.txt, because a custom command
+# output can only be used by targets in the directory it was defined in.
+function(add_asset ASSET_PATH)
+  set(ASSET_SOURCE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${ASSET_PATH}")
+  if(NOT EXISTS "${ASSET_SOURCE}")
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "add_asset: ${ASSET_SOURCE} does not exist")
+  endif()
+
+  set_property(GLOBAL APPEND PROPERTY DUSK_ASSET_SOURCES "${ASSET_SOURCE}")
+endfunction()
+
+# Determines the lowercase extension of an asset, without the leading dot.
+function(dusk_asset_extension ASSET_SOURCE OUT_VAR)
+  get_filename_component(ASSET_EXT "${ASSET_SOURCE}" LAST_EXT)
+  string(TOLOWER "${ASSET_EXT}" ASSET_EXT)
+  string(REGEX REPLACE "^\\." "" ASSET_EXT "${ASSET_EXT}")
+  set(${OUT_VAR} "${ASSET_EXT}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+# Creates the TARGET_NAME target, which builds every asset registered with
+# add_asset(). Call once from the root CMakeLists.txt after adding the assets.
+function(dusk_assets_finalize TARGET_NAME)
+  get_property(ASSET_SOURCES GLOBAL PROPERTY DUSK_ASSET_SOURCES)
+
+  set(ASSET_OUTPUTS "")
+  foreach(ASSET_SOURCE IN LISTS ASSET_SOURCES)
+    file(RELATIVE_PATH ASSET_RELATIVE "${DUSK_ASSETS_DIR}" "${ASSET_SOURCE}")
+    dusk_asset_extension("${ASSET_SOURCE}" ASSET_EXT)
+
+    # Dispatch on the extension, falling back to a plain copy.
+    set(ASSET_OUTPUT "")
+    if(COMMAND dusk_asset_${ASSET_EXT})
+      cmake_language(CALL dusk_asset_${ASSET_EXT}
+        "${ASSET_SOURCE}" "${ASSET_RELATIVE}" ASSET_OUTPUT
+      )
+    else()
+      message(STATUS "Asset ${ASSET_RELATIVE}: no handler for '.${ASSET_EXT}', copying")
+      dusk_asset_copy("${ASSET_SOURCE}" "${ASSET_RELATIVE}" ASSET_OUTPUT)
+    endif()
+
+    list(APPEND ASSET_OUTPUTS "${ASSET_OUTPUT}")
+  endforeach()
+
+  add_custom_target(${TARGET_NAME} ALL DEPENDS ${ASSET_OUTPUTS})
+endfunction()

cmake/asset/copy.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Handler that copies an asset into the built assets directory as is. Every
+# handler has the signature (SOURCE RELATIVE OUT_VAR) and must set OUT_VAR, in
+# the caller's scope, to the file it produces.
+function(dusk_asset_copy ASSET_SOURCE ASSET_RELATIVE OUT_VAR)
+  set(ASSET_OUTPUT "${DUSK_BUILT_ASSETS_DIR}/${ASSET_RELATIVE}")
+
+  add_custom_command(
+    OUTPUT "${ASSET_OUTPUT}"
+    COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy_if_different
+      "${ASSET_SOURCE}" "${ASSET_OUTPUT}"
+    DEPENDS "${ASSET_SOURCE}"
+    COMMENT "Copying asset ${ASSET_RELATIVE}"
+    VERBATIM
+  )
+
+  set(${OUT_VAR} "${ASSET_OUTPUT}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()

cmake/asset/obj.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Handler for .obj (Wavefront mesh) assets. Currently just copies the file.
+function(dusk_asset_obj ASSET_SOURCE ASSET_RELATIVE OUT_VAR)
+  dusk_asset_copy("${ASSET_SOURCE}" "${ASSET_RELATIVE}" ASSET_OUTPUT)
+  set(${OUT_VAR} "${ASSET_OUTPUT}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()

cmake/option.cmake

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ option(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS "Enable tests." OFF)
 option(DUSK_NETWORK "Enable network support." ON)
 
 # Game metadata
+set(DUSK_GAME "duskexample" CACHE STRING
+  "Directory under src/ containing the game to build (provides game/game.c)."
+)
 set(DUSK_GAME_NAME "Dusk" CACHE STRING "Game display name.")
 set(DUSK_GAME_AUTHOR "YourWishes" CACHE STRING "Game author / coder.")
 if(NOT DEFINED DUSK_VERSION)

src/dusk/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@ target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
 )
 
 # Modules
+add_subdirectory(asset)
 add_subdirectory(assert)
 add_subdirectory(console)
 add_subdirectory(display)
 add_subdirectory(engine)
 add_subdirectory(error)
 add_subdirectory(perf)
+add_subdirectory(resource)
 add_subdirectory(time)
 add_subdirectory(thread)
 add_subdirectory(util)

src/dusk/assert/assert.h

@@ -283,8 +283,25 @@
 
 #endif
 
-// Static Assertions
+// Static Assertions. These are compile time only, so they are never faked.
+
+/**
+ * Asserts a constant expression at compile time. Never faked, even when
+ * DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED is set.
+ *
+ * @param x Constant expression that must be true.
+ * @param message Message to show on failure, must be a string literal.
+ */
+#define assertStatic(x, message) \
+  _Static_assert(x, message)
+
+/**
+ * Asserts the size of a struct at compile time.
+ *
+ * @param struct The struct type to check.
+ * @param size The size in bytes the struct must be.
+ */
 #define assertStructSize(struct, size) \
-  _Static_assert(sizeof(struct) == size, "Size of " #struct " must be " #size)
+  assertStatic(sizeof(struct) == size, "Size of " #struct " must be " #size)
 
 // EOF

src/dusk/asset/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    asset.c
+    assetfile.c
+)

src/dusk/asset/asset.c

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "asset/asset.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+
+asset_t ASSET;
+
+errorret_t assetInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&ASSET, sizeof(asset_t));
+
+  // The platform must set ASSET.baseDirectory or throw an error.
+  errorChain(assetInitPlatform());
+  assertStrLenMin(ASSET.baseDirectory, 1, "Asset directory empty without error.");
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetGetPath(
+  const char_t *filename,
+  char_t *out,
+  const size_t outSize
+) {
+  assertNotNull(filename, "Filename cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(out, "Output cannot be NULL.");
+
+  if(filename[0] == '\0') {
+    errorThrow("Asset filename cannot be empty.");
+  }
+  if(filename[0] == '/' || stringIncludesString(filename, "..")) {
+    errorThrow("Invalid asset filename: %s", filename);
+  }
+
+  int32_t len = stringFormat(out, outSize, "%s/%s", ASSET.baseDirectory, filename);
+  if(len < 0 || (size_t)len >= outSize) {
+    errorThrow("Asset path too long: %s", filename);
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+bool_t assetFileExists(const char_t *filename) {
+  char_t path[ASSET_PATH_MAX];
+  errorret_t ret = assetGetPath(filename, path, sizeof(path));
+  if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+    errorCatch(ret);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  FILE *file = fopen(path, "rb");
+  if(file == NULL) return false;
+  fclose(file);
+  return true;
+}
+
+errorret_t assetDispose(void) {
+  errorChain(assetDisposePlatform());
+  memoryZero(&ASSET, sizeof(asset_t));
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/asset/asset.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "asset/assetplatform.h"
+#include "asset/assetfile.h"
+
+#ifndef assetInitPlatform
+  #error "Platform must define assetInitPlatform function."
+#endif
+#ifndef assetDisposePlatform
+  #error "Platform must define assetDisposePlatform function."
+#endif
+
+#define ASSET_BASE_DIRECTORY_MAX 256
+
+typedef struct {
+  // Directory that every asset filename is resolved relative to. Set by the
+  // platform in assetInitPlatform.
+  char_t baseDirectory[ASSET_BASE_DIRECTORY_MAX];
+} asset_t;
+
+extern asset_t ASSET;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the asset system. The platform locates the assets and sets
+ * ASSET.baseDirectory, or throws an error if it cannot.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t assetInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Builds the full path of an asset on disk.
+ *
+ * @param filename Asset filename, relative to the asset directory.
+ * @param out Buffer to write the null terminated path into.
+ * @param outSize Size of the buffer in bytes.
+ * @return An error if the filename is invalid or the path does not fit.
+ */
+errorret_t assetGetPath(
+  const char_t *filename,
+  char_t *out,
+  const size_t outSize
+);
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether an asset exists.
+ *
+ * @param filename Asset filename, relative to the asset directory.
+ * @return True if the asset exists and can be opened for reading.
+ */
+bool_t assetFileExists(const char_t *filename);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the asset system.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t assetDispose(void);

src/dusk/asset/assetfile.c

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "asset/asset.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "util/math.h"
+
+errorret_t assetFileInit(assetfile_t *file, const char_t *filename) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(filename, "Filename cannot be NULL.");
+  assertStrLenMax(filename, ASSET_FILE_NAME_MAX, "Filename too long.");
+
+  memoryZero(file, sizeof(assetfile_t));
+  stringCopy(file->filename, filename, ASSET_FILE_NAME_MAX);
+
+  // Open temporarily to find the size.
+  char_t path[ASSET_PATH_MAX];
+  errorChain(assetGetPath(filename, path, sizeof(path)));
+
+  FILE *handle = fopen(path, "rb");
+  if(handle == NULL) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to open asset file: %s", filename);
+  }
+  if(fseek(handle, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
+    fclose(handle);
+    errorThrow("Failed to seek asset file: %s", filename);
+  }
+  long size = ftell(handle);
+  fclose(handle);
+  if(size < 0) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to get size of asset file: %s", filename);
+  }
+
+  file->size = (size_t)size;
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetFileOpen(assetfile_t *file) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNull(file->file, "Asset file already open.");
+
+  char_t path[ASSET_PATH_MAX];
+  errorChain(assetGetPath(file->filename, path, sizeof(path)));
+
+  file->file = fopen(path, "rb");
+  if(file->file == NULL) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to open asset file: %s", file->filename);
+  }
+  file->position = 0;
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetFileRewind(assetfile_t *file) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(file->file, "Asset file must be opened before rewinding.");
+
+  if(fseek(file->file, 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to rewind asset file: %s", file->filename);
+  }
+  file->position = 0;
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetFileRead(
+  assetfile_t *file,
+  void *buffer,
+  const size_t bufferSize
+) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(file->file, "Asset file must be opened before reading.");
+
+  // No buffer, skip the bytes.
+  if(buffer == NULL) {
+    size_t skipped = 0;
+    uint8_t temp[256];
+    while(skipped < bufferSize) {
+      size_t chunk = mathMin(bufferSize - skipped, sizeof(temp));
+      size_t got = fread(temp, 1, chunk, file->file);
+      skipped += got;
+      if(got < chunk) break;
+    }
+    file->position += skipped;
+    file->lastRead = skipped;
+    errorOk();
+  }
+
+  size_t got = fread(buffer, 1, bufferSize, file->file);
+  if(got < bufferSize && ferror(file->file)) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to read from asset file: %s", file->filename);
+  }
+  file->position += got;
+  file->lastRead = got;
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetFileClose(assetfile_t *file) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(file->file, "Asset file must be opened before closing.");
+
+  int result = fclose(file->file);
+  file->file = NULL;
+  file->position = 0;
+  if(result != 0) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to close asset file: %s", file->filename);
+  }
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetFileDispose(assetfile_t *file) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  if(file->file != NULL) {
+    errorChain(assetFileClose(file));
+  }
+  memoryZero(file, sizeof(assetfile_t));
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetFileReadEntire(
+  assetfile_t *file,
+  uint8_t **outBuffer,
+  size_t *outSize
+) {
+  assertNotNull(file, "Asset file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(outBuffer, "outBuffer cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(outSize, "outSize cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNull(file->file, "Asset file must be closed before reading entire.");
+
+  if(file->size == 0) {
+    errorThrow("Asset file is empty: %s", file->filename);
+  }
+
+  errorChain(assetFileOpen(file));
+
+  uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t *)memoryAllocate(file->size);
+  errorret_t ret = assetFileRead(file, buffer, file->size);
+  if(errorIsOk(ret) && file->lastRead != file->size) {
+    ret = errorThrowImpl(
+      &ERROR_STATE, ERROR_NOT_OK, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__,
+      "Failed to read entire asset file: %s", file->filename
+    );
+  }
+  if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+    memoryFree(buffer);
+    assetFileClose(file);
+    errorChain(ret);
+  }
+
+  errorChain(assetFileClose(file));
+  *outBuffer = buffer;
+  *outSize = file->size;
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/asset/assetfile.h

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+#define ASSET_FILE_NAME_MAX 128
+
+// Full on disk path, base directory plus filename.
+#define ASSET_PATH_MAX 512
+
+typedef struct {
+  char_t filename[ASSET_FILE_NAME_MAX];
+  FILE *file;
+  size_t size;
+  size_t position;
+  size_t lastRead;
+} assetfile_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes an asset file, checking it exists and reading its size. Does not
+ * open it.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to initialize.
+ * @param filename Asset filename, relative to the asset directory.
+ * @return An error if the file does not exist or cannot be read.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileInit(assetfile_t *file, const char_t *filename);
+
+/**
+ * Opens an asset file for reading, positioned at the start.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to open. Must not already be open.
+ * @return An error if the file cannot be opened.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileOpen(assetfile_t *file);
+
+/**
+ * Moves an open asset file back to its start.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to rewind. Must be open.
+ * @return An error if the file cannot be rewound.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileRewind(assetfile_t *file);
+
+/**
+ * Reads bytes from an open asset file. The number of bytes actually read is
+ * stored in file->lastRead, which is less than bufferSize at the end of the
+ * file.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to read from. Must be open.
+ * @param buffer Buffer to read into. If NULL the bytes are skipped.
+ * @param bufferSize Number of bytes to read.
+ * @return An error if reading fails.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileRead(
+  assetfile_t *file,
+  void *buffer,
+  const size_t bufferSize
+);
+
+/**
+ * Closes an open asset file.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to close. Must be open.
+ * @return An error if the file cannot be closed.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileClose(assetfile_t *file);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes an asset file, closing it first if it is still open.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to dispose.
+ * @return An error if the file cannot be closed.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileDispose(assetfile_t *file);
+
+/**
+ * Reads a whole asset file into a newly allocated buffer. The file is opened
+ * and closed by this call, and must not already be open.
+ *
+ * @param file The asset file to read, already initialized.
+ * @param outBuffer Output buffer, allocated with memoryAllocate. The caller
+ *   must memoryFree it.
+ * @param outSize Output size of the buffer in bytes.
+ * @return An error if the file cannot be read in full.
+ */
+errorret_t assetFileReadEntire(
+  assetfile_t *file,
+  uint8_t **outBuffer,
+  size_t *outSize
+);

src/dusk/display/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,3 +7,15 @@ target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   PUBLIC
     display.c
 )
+
+# Subdirectories
+add_subdirectory(mesh)
+
+# Color definitions
+dusk_run_python(
+  dusk_color_defs
+  tools.color
+    --csv ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/color.csv
+    --output ${DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR}/display/color.h
+)
+add_dependencies(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} dusk_color_defs)

src/dusk/display/color.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name,r,g,b,a
+black,0,0,0,1
+white,1,1,1,1
+red,1,0,0,1
+green,0,1,0,1
+blue,0,0,1,1
+yellow,1,1,0,1
+cyan,0,1,1,1
+magenta,1,0,1,1
+transparent,0,0,0,0
+transparent_white,1,1,1,0
+transparent_black,0,0,0,0
+gray,0.5,0.5,0.5,1
+light_gray,0.75,0.75,0.75,1
+dark_gray,0.25,0.25,0.25,1
+orange,1,0.65,0,1
+purple,0.5,0,0.5,1
+brown,0.6,0.4,0.2,1
+pink,1,0.75,0.8,1
+lime,0.75,1,0,1
+navy,0,0,0.5,1
+teal,0,0.5,0.5,1
+cornflower_blue,0.39,0.58,0.93,1

src/dusk/display/mesh/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    meshformat.c
+)

src/dusk/display/mesh/mesh.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "display/display.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/mesh/meshformat.h"
+#include "display/mesh/meshplatform.h"
+
+#ifndef meshInitPlatform
+  #error "meshInitPlatform must be defined"
+#endif
+#ifndef meshDrawPlatform
+  #error "meshDrawPlatform must be defined"
+#endif
+#ifndef meshGetFormatPlatform
+  #error "meshGetFormatPlatform must be defined"
+#endif
+#ifndef meshGetVertexCountPlatform
+  #error "meshGetVertexCountPlatform must be defined"
+#endif
+#ifndef meshDisposePlatform
+  #error "meshDisposePlatform must be defined"
+#endif
+
+typedef meshprimitivetypeplatform_t meshprimitivetype_t;
+typedef meshplatform_t mesh_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a mesh.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh The mesh to initialize.
+ * @param primitiveType The primitive type (e.g. triangles).
+ * @param format The MESH_FORMAT_* flags describing each vertex's attributes.
+ * @param vertexCount The number of vertices in the mesh.
+ * @param vertices Interleaved vertex data, laid out as described by format
+ *   (see meshFormatStride / meshFormatOffset and meshvertex.h).
+ * @return An error indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t meshInit(
+  mesh_t *mesh,
+  const meshprimitivetype_t primitiveType,
+  const meshformat_t format,
+  const int32_t vertexCount,
+  const void *vertices
+);
+
+/**
+ * Instructs the mesh to flush the vertices to the GPU. This is surprisingly 
+ * only really necessary on modern devices, as we tend to let older devices
+ * read the vertices from the main memory directly.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh Mesh to flush the vertices for.
+ * @param vertexOffset Start vertex to flush.
+ * @param vertexCount Count of vertices to flush, set to -1 for all.
+ * @return Error state.
+ */
+errorret_t meshFlush(
+  mesh_t *mesh,
+  const int32_t vertexOffset,
+  const int32_t vertexCount
+);
+
+/**
+ * Draws a mesh.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh The mesh to draw.
+ * @param vertexOffset The offset in the vertex array to start drawing from.
+ * @param vertexCount The number of vertices to draw. If -1, draws all vertices.
+ * @return An error indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t meshDraw(
+  const mesh_t *mesh,
+  const int32_t vertexOffset,
+  const int32_t vertexCount
+);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the axis-aligned bounding box of a mesh.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh The mesh to get the bounds of.
+ * @param outMin Output parameter for the minimum corner of the bounding box.
+ * @param outMax Output parameter for the maximum corner of the bounding box.
+ */
+void meshGetBounds(
+  const mesh_t *mesh,
+  float_t outMin[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE],
+  float_t outMax[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE]
+);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the vertex format of a mesh.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh The mesh to get the format from.
+ * @return The MESH_FORMAT_* flags the mesh was created with.
+ */
+meshformat_t meshGetFormat(const mesh_t *mesh);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the vertex count of a mesh.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh The mesh to get the vertex count from.
+ * @return The vertex count of the mesh.
+ */
+int32_t meshGetVertexCount(const mesh_t *mesh);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes a mesh.
+ * 
+ * @param mesh The mesh to dispose.
+ * @return An error indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t meshDispose(mesh_t *mesh);

src/dusk/display/mesh/meshformat.c

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "display/mesh/meshformat.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+#define MESH_FORMAT_ALL ( \
+  MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL | \
+  MESH_FORMAT_COLOR | MESH_FORMAT_UV \
+)
+
+bool_t meshFormatIsValid(const meshformat_t format) {
+  if((format & ~MESH_FORMAT_ALL) != 0) return false;
+  return (format & MESH_FORMAT_POSITION) != 0;
+}
+
+bool_t meshFormatHas(const meshformat_t format, const meshformat_t flags) {
+  return (format & flags) == flags;
+}
+
+size_t meshFormatAttributeSize(const meshformat_t attribute) {
+  switch(attribute) {
+    case MESH_FORMAT_POSITION:
+      return sizeof(float_t) * MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE;
+
+    case MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL:
+      return sizeof(float_t) * MESH_VERTEX_NORMAL_SIZE;
+
+    case MESH_FORMAT_COLOR:
+      return sizeof(uint8_t) * MESH_VERTEX_COLOR_SIZE;
+
+    case MESH_FORMAT_UV:
+      return sizeof(float_t) * MESH_VERTEX_UV_SIZE;
+
+    default:
+      assertUnreachable("Mesh attribute must be exactly one format flag.");
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+size_t meshFormatStride(const meshformat_t format) {
+  assertTrue(meshFormatIsValid(format), "Mesh format is not valid.");
+
+  size_t stride = 0;
+  for(meshformat_t flag = 1; flag <= MESH_FORMAT_ALL; flag <<= 1) {
+    if(meshFormatHas(format, flag)) stride += meshFormatAttributeSize(flag);
+  }
+  return stride;
+}
+
+size_t meshFormatOffset(
+  const meshformat_t format,
+  const meshformat_t attribute
+) {
+  assertTrue(meshFormatIsValid(format), "Mesh format is not valid.");
+  assertTrue(
+    meshFormatHas(format, attribute),
+    "Mesh format does not contain the requested attribute."
+  );
+
+  // Attributes are interleaved in flag order, so sum everything before it.
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  for(meshformat_t flag = 1; flag < attribute; flag <<= 1) {
+    if(meshFormatHas(format, flag)) offset += meshFormatAttributeSize(flag);
+  }
+  return offset;
+}

src/dusk/display/mesh/meshformat.h

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Describes which attributes each vertex of a mesh carries. Combine the
+ * MESH_FORMAT_* flags. Position is mandatory.
+ */
+typedef uint8_t meshformat_t;
+
+#define MESH_FORMAT_POSITION 0x01
+#define MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL 0x02
+#define MESH_FORMAT_COLOR 0x04
+#define MESH_FORMAT_UV 0x08
+
+// Common combinations.
+#define MESH_FORMAT_P (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PC (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_COLOR)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PU (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_UV)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PCU \
+  (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_COLOR | MESH_FORMAT_UV)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PN (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PNU \
+  (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL | MESH_FORMAT_UV)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PNC \
+  (MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL | MESH_FORMAT_COLOR)
+#define MESH_FORMAT_PNCU ( \
+  MESH_FORMAT_POSITION | MESH_FORMAT_NORMAL | \
+  MESH_FORMAT_COLOR | MESH_FORMAT_UV \
+)
+
+// Component counts and sizes of each attribute within a vertex.
+#define MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE 3
+#define MESH_VERTEX_NORMAL_SIZE 3
+#define MESH_VERTEX_COLOR_SIZE 4
+#define MESH_VERTEX_UV_SIZE 2
+
+/**
+ * Checks that a format is valid, i.e. has a position and no unknown bits.
+ *
+ * @param format The format to check.
+ * @return True if the format is valid.
+ */
+bool_t meshFormatIsValid(const meshformat_t format);
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether a format contains every attribute in a set of flags.
+ *
+ * @param format The format to check.
+ * @param flags One or more MESH_FORMAT_* flags that must all be present.
+ * @return True if all of the flags are present in the format.
+ */
+bool_t meshFormatHas(const meshformat_t format, const meshformat_t flags);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the size in bytes of a single attribute.
+ *
+ * @param attribute Exactly one MESH_FORMAT_* flag.
+ * @return The size in bytes of that attribute.
+ */
+size_t meshFormatAttributeSize(const meshformat_t attribute);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the size in bytes of one whole vertex of the given format. Attributes
+ * are interleaved in the order position, normal, color, uv.
+ *
+ * @param format The format to get the stride of.
+ * @return The size in bytes of one vertex.
+ */
+size_t meshFormatStride(const meshformat_t format);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the byte offset of an attribute within a vertex of the given format.
+ *
+ * @param format The format of the vertex.
+ * @param attribute Exactly one MESH_FORMAT_* flag, which must be in format.
+ * @return The byte offset of the attribute from the start of the vertex.
+ */
+size_t meshFormatOffset(
+  const meshformat_t format,
+  const meshformat_t attribute
+);

src/dusk/display/mesh/meshvertex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "display/mesh/meshformat.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+/**
+ * Typed helpers matching each mesh format's interleaved layout (position,
+ * normal, color, uv). The format flags and meshFormatStride() are the source
+ * of truth; these exist for building meshes in C, and are size checked below.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+} meshvertexp_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  uint8_t color[MESH_VERTEX_COLOR_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpc_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  float_t uv[MESH_VERTEX_UV_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpu_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  uint8_t color[MESH_VERTEX_COLOR_SIZE];
+  float_t uv[MESH_VERTEX_UV_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpcu_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  float_t normal[MESH_VERTEX_NORMAL_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpn_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  float_t normal[MESH_VERTEX_NORMAL_SIZE];
+  float_t uv[MESH_VERTEX_UV_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpnu_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  float_t normal[MESH_VERTEX_NORMAL_SIZE];
+  uint8_t color[MESH_VERTEX_COLOR_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpnc_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t pos[MESH_VERTEX_POSITION_SIZE];
+  float_t normal[MESH_VERTEX_NORMAL_SIZE];
+  uint8_t color[MESH_VERTEX_COLOR_SIZE];
+  float_t uv[MESH_VERTEX_UV_SIZE];
+} meshvertexpncu_t;
+
+assertStructSize(meshvertexp_t, 12);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpc_t, 16);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpu_t, 20);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpcu_t, 24);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpn_t, 24);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpnu_t, 32);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpnc_t, 28);
+assertStructSize(meshvertexpncu_t, 36);

src/dusk/engine/engine.c

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@
 #include "perf/perf.h"
 #include "time/time.h"
 #include "display/display.h"
+#include "game/game.h"
+#include "resource/resourcemanager.h"
+#include "asset/asset.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "console/console.h"
 
@@ -27,7 +30,10 @@ errorret_t engineInit(const int32_t argc, const char_t **argv) {
   perfInit();
   timeInit();
   consoleInit();
+  errorChain(assetInit());
+  errorChain(resourceManagerInit());
   errorChain(displayInit());
+  errorChain(gameInit());
 
   consolePrint("Engine initialized");
 
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ errorret_t engineUpdate(void) {
   // Order here is important.
   timeUpdate();
   consoleUpdate();
+  errorChain(resourceManagerUpdate());
+  errorChain(gameUpdate());
   errorChain(displayUpdate());
 
   errorOk();
@@ -54,7 +62,10 @@ void engineExit(void) {
 }
 
 errorret_t engineDispose(void) {
+  errorChain(gameDispose());
   errorChain(displayDispose());
+  errorChain(resourceManagerDispose());
+  errorChain(assetDispose());
   consoleDispose();
   perfDispose();
 

src/dusk/game/game.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the game. Implemented by the game project being built (e.g.
+ * duskexample), not by the engine.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t gameInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the game, called once per frame.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t gameUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the game.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t gameDispose(void);

src/dusk/resource/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    resource.c
+    resourcemanager.c
+)
+
+add_subdirectory(loader)

src/dusk/resource/loader/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    resourcetext.c
+)

src/dusk/resource/loader/resourcetext.c

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "resource/loader/resourcetext.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+errorret_t resourceTextLoadAsync(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->type == RESOURCE_TYPE_TXT ||
+    resource->type == RESOURCE_TYPE_OBJ,
+    "Resource is not loaded as text"
+  );
+  assertNull(resource->data.text, "Text already loaded");
+
+  uint8_t *buffer;
+  size_t size;
+  errorChain(resourceReadSource(resource, 1, &buffer, &size));
+
+  resource->data.text = (char_t *)buffer;
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceTextLoadSync(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->type == RESOURCE_TYPE_TXT ||
+    resource->type == RESOURCE_TYPE_OBJ,
+    "Resource is not loaded as text"
+  );
+  assertNotNull(resource->data.text, "Text was not loaded");
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceTextDispose(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->type == RESOURCE_TYPE_TXT ||
+    resource->type == RESOURCE_TYPE_OBJ,
+    "Resource is not loaded as text"
+  );
+
+  if(resource->data.text != NULL) {
+    memoryFree(resource->data.text);
+    resource->data.text = NULL;
+  }
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/resource/loader/resourcetext.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "resource/resource.h"
+
+/**
+ * Async stage of loading a text resource. Reads the bytes from the resource's
+ * source and stores them as a null terminated string in resource->data.text.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to load.
+ * @return An error if the data cannot be read.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceTextLoadAsync(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Sync stage of loading a text resource. Nothing is left to do on the main
+ * thread for text.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to load.
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceTextLoadSync(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Frees the text of a loaded text resource.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to dispose.
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceTextDispose(resource_t *resource);

src/dusk/resource/resource.c

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "resource.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "thread/thread.h"
+#include "asset/asset.h"
+#include "resource/resourcemanager.h"
+#include "resource/loader/resourcetext.h"
+
+const resourcetypecallbacks_t RESOURCE_TYPE_CALLBACKS[RESOURCE_TYPE_COUNT] = {
+  [RESOURCE_TYPE_NULL] = { NULL, NULL, NULL },
+  [RESOURCE_TYPE_TXT] = {
+    resourceTextLoadAsync, resourceTextLoadSync, resourceTextDispose
+  },
+  // TODO: No mesh parsing yet, so .obj is kept as its raw text.
+  [RESOURCE_TYPE_OBJ] = {
+    resourceTextLoadAsync, resourceTextLoadSync, resourceTextDispose
+  },
+};
+
+// File extension (without the dot) of each resource type.
+const resourcetypeextension_t RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSIONS[] = {
+  { "txt", RESOURCE_TYPE_TXT },
+  { "obj", RESOURCE_TYPE_OBJ },
+};
+const size_t RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSION_COUNT = (
+  sizeof(RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSIONS) / sizeof(RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSIONS[0])
+);
+
+void resourceInit(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  memoryZero(resource, sizeof(resource_t));
+  refInit(&resource->ref, resource, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+resourceloader_t resourceLoaderFromProtocol(const char_t *protocol) {
+  assertNotNull(protocol, "Protocol cannot be NULL");
+
+  if(stringEquals(protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_ASSET)) {
+    return RESOURCE_LOADER_ASSET;
+  }
+  if(
+    stringEquals(protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_HTTP) ||
+    stringEquals(protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_HTTPS)
+  ) {
+    return RESOURCE_LOADER_HTTP;
+  }
+
+  return RESOURCE_LOADER_NULL;
+}
+
+void resourceSetURI(resource_t *resource, const uri_t *uri) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(uri, "URI cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(uriIsValid(uri), "URI is not valid");
+
+  resource->uri = *uri;
+
+  resource->loader = resourceLoaderFromProtocol(resource->uri.protocol);
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->loader != RESOURCE_LOADER_NULL,
+    "URI protocol has no resource loader"
+  );
+
+  resource->type = resourceTypeFromPath(resource->uri.path);
+}
+
+void resourceSetURIString(resource_t *resource, const char_t *uriString) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(uriString, "URI string cannot be NULL");
+
+  uri_t uri = uriFromString(uriString);
+  resourceSetURI(resource, &uri);
+}
+
+resourcetype_t resourceTypeFromPath(const char_t *path) {
+  assertNotNull(path, "Path cannot be NULL");
+
+  // The extension is whatever follows the last '.' in the filename.
+  const char_t *dot = stringFindLastChar(path, '.');
+  const char_t *slash = stringFindLastChar(path, '/');
+  if(dot == NULL || (slash != NULL && dot < slash)) return RESOURCE_TYPE_NULL;
+  const char_t *extension = dot + 1;
+
+  const resourcetypeextension_t *entry = RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSIONS;
+  const resourcetypeextension_t *end = (
+    RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSIONS + RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSION_COUNT
+  );
+  do {
+    if(stringCompareInsensitive(extension, entry->extension) == 0) {
+      return entry->type;
+    }
+    entry++;
+  } while(entry < end);
+
+  return RESOURCE_TYPE_NULL;
+}
+
+void resourceSetState(resource_t *resource, const resourcestate_t state) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+
+  threadMutexLock(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+  resource->state = state;
+  threadMutexUnlock(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+}
+
+void resourceLoad(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->type != RESOURCE_TYPE_NULL,
+    "Resource cannot be loaded with a NULL type"
+  );
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->loader != RESOURCE_LOADER_NULL,
+    "Resource cannot be loaded with a NULL loader"
+  );
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->state == RESOURCE_STATE_INITIAL,
+    "Resource must be in INITIAL state to load"
+  );
+
+  resourceSetState(resource, RESOURCE_STATE_PENDING_ASYNC);
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceLoadAsync(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotMainThread("Async loading must not run on the main thread");
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->state == RESOURCE_STATE_LOADING_ASYNC,
+    "Resource must be in LOADING_ASYNC state"
+  );
+
+  const resourcetypecallbacks_t *callbacks = (
+    &RESOURCE_TYPE_CALLBACKS[resource->type]
+  );
+  assertNotNull(callbacks->loadAsync, "Resource type has no async loader");
+
+  errorret_t ret = callbacks->loadAsync(resource);
+  if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+    resourceSetState(resource, RESOURCE_STATE_FAILED);
+    errorChain(ret);
+  }
+
+  resourceSetState(resource, RESOURCE_STATE_PENDING_SYNC);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceLoadSync(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertIsMainThread("Sync loading must run on the main thread");
+  assertTrue(
+    resource->state == RESOURCE_STATE_LOADING_SYNC,
+    "Resource must be in LOADING_SYNC state"
+  );
+
+  const resourcetypecallbacks_t *callbacks = (
+    &RESOURCE_TYPE_CALLBACKS[resource->type]
+  );
+  assertNotNull(callbacks->loadSync, "Resource type has no sync loader");
+
+  errorret_t ret = callbacks->loadSync(resource);
+  if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+    resourceSetState(resource, RESOURCE_STATE_FAILED);
+    errorChain(ret);
+  }
+
+  resourceSetState(resource, RESOURCE_STATE_LOADED);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceReadSource(
+  resource_t *resource,
+  const size_t extraBytes,
+  uint8_t **outBuffer,
+  size_t *outSize
+) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(outBuffer, "outBuffer cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(outSize, "outSize cannot be NULL");
+
+  switch(resource->loader) {
+    case RESOURCE_LOADER_ASSET: {
+      // "asset:///dir/file.txt" is the asset "dir/file.txt"
+      const char_t *filename = resource->uri.path;
+      if(filename[0] == '/') filename++;
+      if(filename[0] == '\0') {
+        errorThrow("Asset URI has no path: %s", resource->uri.host);
+      }
+
+      assetfile_t file;
+      errorChain(assetFileInit(&file, filename));
+      if(file.size == 0) {
+        errorThrow("Resource is empty: %s", filename);
+      }
+
+      uint8_t *buffer = (uint8_t *)memoryAllocate(file.size + extraBytes);
+      errorret_t ret = assetFileOpen(&file);
+      if(errorIsOk(ret)) ret = assetFileRead(&file, buffer, file.size);
+      if(errorIsOk(ret) && file.lastRead != file.size) {
+        ret = errorThrowImpl(
+          &ERROR_STATE, ERROR_NOT_OK, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__,
+          "Failed to read entire resource: %s", filename
+        );
+      }
+      if(file.file != NULL) assetFileClose(&file);
+      if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+        memoryFree(buffer);
+        errorChain(ret);
+      }
+
+      if(extraBytes > 0) memoryZero(buffer + file.size, extraBytes);
+      *outBuffer = buffer;
+      *outSize = file.size;
+      errorOk();
+    }
+
+    case RESOURCE_LOADER_HTTP:
+      errorThrow("HTTP resources are not supported yet");
+
+    default:
+      errorThrow("Resource has no loader");
+  }
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceDispose(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  assertIsMainThread("Resources must be disposed on the main thread");
+
+  const resourcetypecallbacks_t *callbacks = (
+    &RESOURCE_TYPE_CALLBACKS[resource->type]
+  );
+  if(callbacks->dispose != NULL) errorChain(callbacks->dispose(resource));
+
+  resourceInit(resource);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void resourceLock(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  refLock(&resource->ref);
+}
+
+bool_t resourceUnlock(resource_t *resource) {
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Resource cannot be NULL");
+  return refUnlock(&resource->ref);
+}

src/dusk/resource/resource.h

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "util/uri.h"
+#include "util/ref.h"
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+typedef enum {
+  RESOURCE_TYPE_NULL,
+
+  RESOURCE_TYPE_TXT,
+  RESOURCE_TYPE_OBJ,
+
+  RESOURCE_TYPE_COUNT,
+} resourcetype_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+  RESOURCE_STATE_INITIAL,
+
+  // Queued for the resource manager thread to run resourceLoadAsync.
+  RESOURCE_STATE_PENDING_ASYNC,
+  RESOURCE_STATE_LOADING_ASYNC,
+
+  // Async stage done, waiting for the main thread to run resourceLoadSync.
+  RESOURCE_STATE_PENDING_SYNC,
+  RESOURCE_STATE_LOADING_SYNC,
+
+  RESOURCE_STATE_LOADED,
+  RESOURCE_STATE_FAILED,
+  RESOURCE_STATE_UNLOADING,
+} resourcestate_t;
+
+typedef union {
+  char_t *text;
+  // mesh_t mesh;
+  // meshvertice_t vertices;
+} resourcedata_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+  RESOURCE_LOADER_NULL,
+  RESOURCE_LOADER_ASSET,
+  RESOURCE_LOADER_HTTP,
+  RESOURCE_LOADER_COUNT,
+} resourceloader_t;
+
+typedef struct resource_s resource_t;
+
+struct resource_s {
+  uri_t uri;
+  ref_t ref;
+  resourcetype_t type;
+  resourcestate_t state;
+  resourcedata_t data;
+  resourceloader_t loader;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Callbacks a resource type provides to load and dispose its data.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  /** Runs on the resource manager thread. Reads and parses the data. */
+  errorret_t (*loadAsync)(resource_t *resource);
+
+  /** Runs on the main thread. Finishes loading, e.g. GPU uploads. */
+  errorret_t (*loadSync)(resource_t *resource);
+
+  /** Runs on the main thread. Frees the data of a loaded resource. */
+  errorret_t (*dispose)(resource_t *resource);
+} resourcetypecallbacks_t;
+
+/**
+ * Maps a file extension to the resource type it loads as.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  const char_t *extension;
+  resourcetype_t type;
+} resourcetypeextension_t;
+
+extern const resourcetypeextension_t RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSIONS[];
+extern const size_t RESOURCE_TYPE_EXTENSION_COUNT;
+
+extern const resourcetypecallbacks_t RESOURCE_TYPE_CALLBACKS[
+  RESOURCE_TYPE_COUNT
+];
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a resource structure. Sets it to a NULL state.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to initialize.
+ */
+void resourceInit(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Locks a resource, incrementing its reference count. Every lock must be
+ * matched by a resourceUnlock.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to lock.
+ */
+void resourceLock(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Unlocks a resource, decrementing its reference count. The count cannot go
+ * negative.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to unlock.
+ * @return True if this was the last lock and the resource is now unreferenced.
+ */
+bool_t resourceUnlock(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Determines which loader handles a URI protocol: "asset" is read from the
+ * asset archive, and "http" / "https" are fetched over the network.
+ * 
+ * @param protocol The URI protocol, e.g. "asset" (see URI_PROTOCOL_*).
+ * @return The loader for the protocol, or RESOURCE_LOADER_NULL if there isn't
+ *   one.
+ */
+resourceloader_t resourceLoaderFromProtocol(const char_t *protocol);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the URI of a resource, and determines its loader from the URI's
+ * protocol and its type from the extension of the URI's path. The protocol must
+ * be one that has a loader.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to set the URI of.
+ * @param uri The URI to set, which must be valid.
+ */
+void resourceSetURI(resource_t *resource, const uri_t *uri);
+
+/**
+ * Shorthand for resourceSetURI that parses the URI from a string first.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to set the URI of.
+ * @param uriString The URI string, e.g. "asset:///models/cube.obj".
+ */
+void resourceSetURIString(resource_t *resource, const char_t *uriString);
+
+/**
+ * Determines the resource type from the extension of a path, e.g. ".txt".
+ * Matching is case insensitive.
+ * 
+ * @param path The path to inspect, e.g. "/docs/readme.txt".
+ * @return The type, or RESOURCE_TYPE_NULL if the extension is not supported.
+ */
+resourcetype_t resourceTypeFromPath(const char_t *path);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the state of a resource. Safe to call from any thread, as the resource
+ * manager thread and the main thread both change states.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to change.
+ * @param state The state to set.
+ */
+void resourceSetState(resource_t *resource, const resourcestate_t state);
+
+/**
+ * Starts loading a resource. It is queued for the resource manager thread,
+ * and the resource manager finishes it on the main thread. Requires the URI to
+ * have been set so the type and loader are known.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to load, in the INITIAL state.
+ */
+void resourceLoad(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Runs the async stage of loading a resource, on the resource manager thread.
+ * Moves the resource to PENDING_SYNC, or to FAILED if there is an error.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource, in the LOADING_ASYNC state.
+ * @return An error if the load failed.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceLoadAsync(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Runs the sync stage of loading a resource, on the main thread. Moves the
+ * resource to LOADED, or to FAILED if there is an error.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource, in the LOADING_SYNC state.
+ * @return An error if the load failed.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceLoadSync(resource_t *resource);
+
+/**
+ * Reads the raw bytes of a resource from its source, chosen by the resource's
+ * loader (asset archive, network). Called by the type loaders.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to read, with its URI set.
+ * @param extraBytes Zeroed bytes to add after the data, e.g. 1 for a string.
+ * @param outBuffer Output buffer, allocated with memoryAllocate. The caller
+ *   must memoryFree it.
+ * @param outSize Output size of the data in bytes, excluding extraBytes.
+ * @return An error if the data cannot be read.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceReadSource(
+  resource_t *resource,
+  const size_t extraBytes,
+  uint8_t **outBuffer,
+  size_t *outSize
+);
+
+/**
+ * Frees the data of a loaded resource and returns it to the INITIAL state.
+ * 
+ * @param resource The resource to dispose.
+ * @return An error if the type's dispose fails.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceDispose(resource_t *resource);

src/dusk/resource/resourcemanager.c

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "resourcemanager.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+resourcemanager_t RESOURCE_MANAGER;
+
+errorret_t resourceManagerInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&RESOURCE_MANAGER, sizeof(resourcemanager_t));
+
+  // do/while walking a pointer, the count is a compile time constant > 0.
+  assertStatic(
+    RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX > 0,
+    "Resource manager needs at least one resource slot"
+  );
+  resource_t *resource = RESOURCE_MANAGER.resources;
+  const resource_t *end = resource + RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX;
+  do {
+    resourceInit(resource);
+    resource++;
+  } while(resource < end);
+
+  threadMutexInit(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+  threadInit(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.loadThread, resourceManagerLoadThread);
+  threadStart(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.loadThread);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void resourceManagerLoadThread(thread_t *thread) {
+  assertNotMainThread("Resource load thread must not be the main thread");
+
+  while(!threadShouldStop(thread)) {
+    // Claim the next resource waiting for its async stage.
+    resource_t *next = NULL;
+    resource_t *resource = RESOURCE_MANAGER.resources;
+    const resource_t *end = resource + RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX;
+
+    threadMutexLock(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+    do {
+      if(resource->state == RESOURCE_STATE_PENDING_ASYNC) {
+        resource->state = RESOURCE_STATE_LOADING_ASYNC;
+        next = resource;
+        break;
+      }
+      resource++;
+    } while(resource < end);
+    threadMutexUnlock(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+
+    if(next == NULL) {
+      threadSleepMs(1);
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    // resourceLoadAsync sets the final state itself, we just report errors.
+    errorret_t ret = resourceLoadAsync(next);
+    if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) errorCatch(errorPrint(ret));
+  }
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceManagerUpdate(void) {
+  resource_t *resource = RESOURCE_MANAGER.resources;
+  const resource_t *end = resource + RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX;
+
+  do {
+    // Claim it if its async stage has finished.
+    bool_t ready = false;
+    threadMutexLock(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+    if(resource->state == RESOURCE_STATE_PENDING_SYNC) {
+      resource->state = RESOURCE_STATE_LOADING_SYNC;
+      ready = true;
+    }
+    threadMutexUnlock(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+
+    // resourceLoadSync sets the final state itself, we just report errors.
+    if(ready) {
+      errorret_t ret = resourceLoadSync(resource);
+      if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) errorCatch(errorPrint(ret));
+    }
+
+    resource++;
+  } while(resource < end);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t resourceManagerDispose(void) {
+  // Stop loading before touching any resource.
+  threadStop(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.loadThread);
+
+  resource_t *resource = RESOURCE_MANAGER.resources;
+  const resource_t *end = resource + RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX;
+  do {
+    if(resource->state == RESOURCE_STATE_LOADED) {
+      errorChain(resourceDispose(resource));
+    }
+    resource++;
+  } while(resource < end);
+
+  threadMutexDispose(&RESOURCE_MANAGER.mutex);
+  memoryZero(&RESOURCE_MANAGER, sizeof(resourcemanager_t));
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetByURI(const uri_t *uri) {
+  assertNotNull(uri, "URI cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(uriIsValid(uri), "URI is not valid");
+  assertIsMainThread("Resources must be requested from the main thread");
+
+  // A slot is in use once it has a URI.
+  resource_t *resource = RESOURCE_MANAGER.resources;
+  const resource_t *end = resource + RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX;
+  do {
+    if(
+      resource->uri.protocol[0] != '\0' &&
+      uriEquals(&resource->uri, uri)
+    ) {
+      return resource;
+    }
+    resource++;
+  } while(resource < end);
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetByURIString(const char_t *uriString) {
+  assertNotNull(uriString, "URI string cannot be NULL");
+
+  uri_t uri = uriFromString(uriString);
+  return resourceManagerGetByURI(&uri);
+}
+
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURI(const uri_t *uri) {
+  resource_t *existing = resourceManagerGetByURI(uri);
+  if(existing != NULL) return existing;
+
+  // Not requested yet, take the first free slot.
+  resource_t *resource = RESOURCE_MANAGER.resources;
+  const resource_t *end = resource + RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX;
+  do {
+    if(resource->uri.protocol[0] == '\0') {
+      resourceSetURI(resource, uri);
+      return resource;
+    }
+    resource++;
+  } while(resource < end);
+
+  assertUnreachable("No free resource slots");
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURIString(const char_t *uriString) {
+  assertNotNull(uriString, "URI string cannot be NULL");
+
+  uri_t uri = uriFromString(uriString);
+  return resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURI(&uri);
+}
+
+resource_t * resourceManagerLock(const char_t *uriString) {
+  resource_t *resource = resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURIString(uriString);
+  resourceLock(resource);
+  return resource;
+}
+
+bool_t resourceManagerUnlock(const char_t *uriString) {
+  resource_t *resource = resourceManagerGetByURIString(uriString);
+  assertNotNull(resource, "Cannot unlock a resource that was never locked");
+  return resourceUnlock(resource);
+}

src/dusk/resource/resourcemanager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "resource/resource.h"
+#include "thread/thread.h"
+
+// Maximum number of resources the manager can hold at once.
+#ifndef RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX
+  #define RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX 64
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  resource_t resources[RESOURCE_MANAGER_RESOURCE_COUNT_MAX];
+
+  // Guards resource states, which the load thread and main thread both change.
+  threadmutex_t mutex;
+
+  // Runs the async stage of loading resources.
+  thread_t loadThread;
+} resourcemanager_t;
+
+extern resourcemanager_t RESOURCE_MANAGER;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the resource manager, setting every resource slot to an
+ * initial, unused state.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceManagerInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Body of the resource manager's load thread. Runs the async stage of every
+ * resource queued by resourceLoad.
+ *
+ * @param thread The thread this runs on.
+ */
+void resourceManagerLoadThread(thread_t *thread);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the resource manager, called once per frame. Runs the sync stage of
+ * every resource whose async stage has finished.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceManagerUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the resource manager.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t resourceManagerDispose(void);
+
+/**
+ * Finds the resource that was requested for a URI. Does not create one, see
+ * resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURI for that. Main thread only.
+ *
+ * @param uri The URI of the resource, which must be valid.
+ * @return The resource for the URI, or NULL if there is not one.
+ */
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetByURI(const uri_t *uri);
+
+/**
+ * Shorthand for resourceManagerGetByURI that parses the URI from a string.
+ *
+ * @param uriString The URI string, e.g. "asset:///models/cube.obj".
+ * @return The resource for the URI, or NULL if there is not one.
+ */
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetByURIString(const char_t *uriString);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the resource for a URI, which is the existing resource if the URI has
+ * already been requested, otherwise a free slot that is set up for the URI.
+ * It is not locked and does not start loading, the caller does that with
+ * resourceLock and resourceLoad. Main thread only.
+ *
+ * @param uri The URI of the resource, which must be valid.
+ * @return The resource for the URI. Asserts if there are no free slots.
+ */
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURI(const uri_t *uri);
+
+/**
+ * Shorthand for resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURI that parses the URI from a
+ * string.
+ *
+ * @param uriString The URI string, e.g. "asset:///models/cube.obj".
+ * @return The resource for the URI. Asserts if there are no free slots.
+ */
+resource_t * resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURIString(const char_t *uriString);
+
+/**
+ * Locks the resource for a URI string, creating it first if it has not been
+ * requested yet. Shorthand for resourceManagerGetOrCreateByURIString followed
+ * by resourceLock. It does not start loading, call resourceLoad for that. Every
+ * lock must be matched by a resourceManagerUnlock. Main thread only.
+ *
+ * @param uriString The URI string, e.g. "asset:///models/cube.obj".
+ * @return The locked resource. Asserts if there are no free slots.
+ */
+resource_t * resourceManagerLock(const char_t *uriString);
+
+/**
+ * Unlocks the resource for a URI string, which must have been locked with
+ * resourceManagerLock. Shorthand for resourceManagerGetByURIString followed by
+ * resourceUnlock. Main thread only.
+ *
+ * @param uriString The URI string that was locked.
+ * @return True if this was the last lock and the resource is now unreferenced.
+ */
+bool_t resourceManagerUnlock(const char_t *uriString);

src/dusk/thread/thread.c

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  #include <time.h>
+#endif
+
 void threadInit(thread_t *thread, const threadcallback_t callback) {
   assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
   assertNotNull(callback, "Thread callback cannot be NULL.");
@@ -114,4 +118,13 @@ bool_t threadShouldStop(thread_t *thread) {
     threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
     return NULL;
   }
-#endif
+#endif
+
+void threadSleepMs(const uint32_t milliseconds) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    struct timespec ts;
+    ts.tv_sec = milliseconds / 1000;
+    ts.tv_nsec = (long)(milliseconds % 1000) * 1000000L;
+    nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
+  #endif
+}

src/dusk/thread/thread.h

@@ -94,4 +94,11 @@ bool_t threadShouldStop(thread_t *thread);
    * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to handle.
    */
   void * threadHandler(thread_t *thread);
-#endif
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Sleeps the calling thread.
+ *
+ * @param milliseconds How long to sleep for.
+ */
+void threadSleepMs(const uint32_t milliseconds);

src/dusk/util/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -15,4 +15,5 @@ target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
     math.c
     sort.c
     ref.c
+    uri.c
 )

src/dusk/util/ref.c

@@ -27,16 +27,16 @@ void refInit(
 
 void refLock(ref_t *ref) {
   assertNotNull(ref, "Ref cannot be NULL.");
-  assertTrue(ref->count >= 0, "Cannot lock a ref with negative count.");
+  assertTrue(ref->count >= 0, "Ref count cannot be negative.");
   ref->count++;
   if(ref->onLock != NULL) ref->onLock(ref);
 }
 
 bool_t refUnlock(ref_t *ref) {
   assertNotNull(ref, "Ref cannot be NULL.");
-  assertTrue(ref->count >= 0, "Cannot unlock a ref with negative count.");
 
   ref->count--;
+  assertTrue(ref->count >= 0, "Ref count cannot be negative.");
 
   if(ref->count > 0) {
     if(ref->onUnlock != NULL) ref->onUnlock(ref);

src/dusk/util/ref.h

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ typedef struct ref_s ref_t;
 typedef void (*refcallback_t)(ref_t *ref);
 
 typedef struct ref_s {
-  uint32_t count;
+  int32_t count;
   void *data;
   refcallback_t onLock;
   refcallback_t onUnlock;

src/dusk/util/uri.c

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uri.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+
+uri_t uriFromString(const char_t *uriString) {
+  assertNotNull(uriString, "URI string cannot be NULL");
+  assertStrLenMin(uriString, 1, "URI string cannot be empty");
+  assertStrLenMax(uriString, URI_STRING_SIZE_MAX, "URI string is too long");
+
+  uri_t out;
+  memoryZero(&out, sizeof(uri_t));
+
+  // Protocol, everything before "://"
+  const char_t *protocolEnd = uriString;
+  while(
+    *protocolEnd != '\0' &&
+    !(
+      protocolEnd[0] == ':' && protocolEnd[1] == '/' && protocolEnd[2] == '/'
+    )
+  ) {
+    protocolEnd++;
+  }
+  assertTrue(
+    *protocolEnd != '\0',
+    "URI string must contain a protocol (e.g. 'http://')"
+  );
+
+  size_t protocolLength = (size_t)(protocolEnd - uriString);
+  assertTrue(protocolLength > 0, "URI protocol cannot be empty");
+  assertTrue(protocolLength < URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE, "URI protocol is too long");
+  memoryCopy(out.protocol, uriString, protocolLength);
+  out.protocol[protocolLength] = '\0';
+
+  // Host, everything after "://" up to the next '/' (or the end)
+  const char_t *hostStart = protocolEnd + 3;
+  const char_t *hostEnd = hostStart;
+  while(*hostEnd != '\0' && *hostEnd != '/') hostEnd++;
+
+  size_t hostLength = (size_t)(hostEnd - hostStart);
+  assertTrue(hostLength < URI_HOST_SIZE, "URI host is too long");
+  if(hostLength > 0) memoryCopy(out.host, hostStart, hostLength);
+  out.host[hostLength] = '\0';
+
+  // Path, the remainder including its leading '/', empty if there is none
+  size_t pathLength = strlen(hostEnd);
+  assertTrue(pathLength < URI_PATH_SIZE, "URI path is too long");
+  if(pathLength > 0) memoryCopy(out.path, hostEnd, pathLength);
+  out.path[pathLength] = '\0';
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+uri_t uriCreate(const char_t *protocol, const char_t *host, const char_t *path) {
+  assertNotNull(protocol, "URI protocol cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(host, "URI host cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(path, "URI path cannot be NULL");
+  assertStrLenMin(protocol, 1, "URI protocol cannot be empty");
+  assertStrLenMax(protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE, "URI protocol is too long");
+  assertStrLenMax(host, URI_HOST_SIZE, "URI host is too long");
+  assertStrLenMax(path, URI_PATH_SIZE, "URI path is too long");
+
+  uri_t out;
+  memoryZero(&out, sizeof(uri_t));
+  stringCopy(out.protocol, protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE);
+  stringCopy(out.host, host, URI_HOST_SIZE);
+  stringCopy(out.path, path, URI_PATH_SIZE);
+  return out;
+}
+
+bool_t uriIsValid(const uri_t *uri) {
+  if(uri == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Every part must be terminated inside its buffer.
+  if(memchr(uri->protocol, '\0', URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE) == NULL) return false;
+  if(memchr(uri->host, '\0', URI_HOST_SIZE) == NULL) return false;
+  if(memchr(uri->path, '\0', URI_PATH_SIZE) == NULL) return false;
+
+  // Protocol, e.g. "https"
+  if(uri->protocol[0] == '\0') return false;
+  if(!isalpha((unsigned char)uri->protocol[0])) return false;
+  for(const char_t *c = uri->protocol; *c != '\0'; c++) {
+    if(
+      !isalnum((unsigned char)*c) && *c != '+' && *c != '-' && *c != '.'
+    ) return false;
+  }
+
+  // Host
+  for(const char_t *c = uri->host; *c != '\0'; c++) {
+    if(*c == '/' || stringIsWhitespace(*c)) return false;
+  }
+
+  // Path
+  if(uri->path[0] != '\0' && uri->path[0] != '/') return false;
+  for(const char_t *c = uri->path; *c != '\0'; c++) {
+    if(stringIsWhitespace(*c)) return false;
+  }
+
+  // Network protocols need somewhere to connect to.
+  if(
+    stringEquals(uri->protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_HTTP) ||
+    stringEquals(uri->protocol, URI_PROTOCOL_HTTPS)
+  ) {
+    if(uri->host[0] == '\0') return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t uriEquals(const uri_t *a, const uri_t *b) {
+  assertNotNull(a, "First URI cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(b, "Second URI cannot be NULL");
+
+  return (
+    stringEquals(a->protocol, b->protocol) &&
+    stringEquals(a->host, b->host) &&
+    stringEquals(a->path, b->path)
+  );
+}

src/dusk/util/uri.h

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+#define URI_PROTOCOL_ASSET "asset"
+#define URI_PROTOCOL_HTTP "http"
+#define URI_PROTOCOL_HTTPS "https"
+
+#define URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE 6
+#define URI_HOST_SIZE 64
+#define URI_PATH_SIZE 256
+
+// e.g. "https://google.com/path/to/thing"
+#define URI_STRING_SIZE_MAX ( \
+  URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE + 3 + \
+  URI_HOST_SIZE + 1 + \
+  URI_PATH_SIZE + 1 \
+)
+
+typedef struct {
+  char_t protocol[URI_PROTOCOL_SIZE];
+  char_t host[URI_HOST_SIZE];
+  char_t path[URI_PATH_SIZE];
+} uri_t;
+
+/**
+ * Parses a URI string into its components.
+ * 
+ * @param uriString The URI string to parse.
+ * @return The parsed URI structure.
+ */
+uri_t uriFromString(const char_t *uriString);
+
+/**
+ * Creates a URI from the given components.
+ * 
+ * @param protocol The protocol (e.g. "http", "https", "asset").
+ * @param host The host (e.g. "example.com").
+ * @param path The path (e.g. "/path/to/resource").
+ * @return The created URI.
+ */
+uri_t uriCreate(const char_t *protocol, const char_t *host, const char_t *path);
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether a URI is well formed. Never asserts, so it is safe to use on
+ * untrusted or partially built URIs. A URI is valid when:
+ * - Every part is null terminated within its buffer.
+ * - The protocol is non-empty, starts with a letter, and only contains
+ *   letters, digits, '+', '-' or '.'.
+ * - The host contains no '/' and no whitespace.
+ * - The path is empty or starts with '/', and contains no whitespace.
+ * - http and https URIs have a host.
+ *
+ * @param uri The URI to check.
+ * @return True if the URI is valid, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t uriIsValid(const uri_t *uri);
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether two URIs are the same. The protocol, host and path must all
+ * match exactly.
+ * 
+ * @param a The first URI.
+ * @param b The second URI.
+ * @return True if the URIs are equal, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t uriEquals(const uri_t *a, const uri_t *b);

src/duskexample/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    game/game.c
+)

src/duskexample/game/game.c

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "game/game.h"
+#include "console/console.h"
+#include "resource/resourcemanager.h"
+#include "thread/thread.h"
+
+errorret_t gameInit(void) {
+  consolePrint("Game initialized");
+
+  // Test: load the cube.obj asset as plain text and print it.
+  resource_t *cube = resourceManagerLock("asset:///cube.obj");
+  resourceLoad(cube);
+
+  // Block until the load thread and the main thread have both finished it.
+  while(
+    cube->state != RESOURCE_STATE_LOADED &&
+    cube->state != RESOURCE_STATE_FAILED
+  ) {
+    errorChain(resourceManagerUpdate());
+    threadSleepMs(1);
+  }
+  if(cube->state == RESOURCE_STATE_FAILED) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to load cube.obj");
+  }
+
+  printf("%s\n", cube->data.text);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t gameUpdate(void) {
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t gameDispose(void) {
+  resourceManagerUnlock("asset:///cube.obj");
+  consolePrint("Game disposed");
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusklinux/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -18,3 +18,7 @@ target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
 
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 target_link_libraries(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC Threads::Threads m)
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  asset/assetlinux.c
+)

src/dusklinux/asset/assetlinux.c

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "asset/assetlinux.h"
+#include "asset/asset.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+errorret_t assetInitLinux(void) {
+  // Directory of the running executable.
+  char_t exe[ASSET_BASE_DIRECTORY_MAX];
+  ssize_t len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", exe, sizeof(exe) - 1);
+  if(len <= 0) {
+    errorThrow("Failed to find the executable path.");
+  }
+  exe[len] = '\0';
+
+  char_t *slash = stringFindLastChar(exe, '/');
+  if(slash == NULL) {
+    errorThrow("Executable path has no directory: %s", exe);
+  }
+  *slash = '\0';
+
+  int32_t written = stringFormat(
+    ASSET.baseDirectory, ASSET_BASE_DIRECTORY_MAX, "%s/assets", exe
+  );
+  if(written < 0 || written >= ASSET_BASE_DIRECTORY_MAX) {
+    errorThrow("Asset directory path too long.");
+  }
+
+  struct stat info;
+  if(stat(ASSET.baseDirectory, &info) != 0 || !S_ISDIR(info.st_mode)) {
+    errorThrow("Asset directory not found: %s", ASSET.baseDirectory);
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t assetDisposeLinux(void) {
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusklinux/asset/assetlinux.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+/**
+ * Finds the assets directory, which is the "assets" directory next to the
+ * running executable, and sets ASSET.baseDirectory to it.
+ *
+ * @return An error if the assets directory cannot be found.
+ */
+errorret_t assetInitLinux(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the Linux asset platform.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t assetDisposeLinux(void);

src/dusklinux/asset/assetplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "asset/assetlinux.h"
+
+#define assetInitPlatform assetInitLinux
+#define assetDisposePlatform assetDisposeLinux

tools/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+add_subdirectory(run_python)

tools/color.py

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+import argparse
+import csv
+import os
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Color CSV to .h defines")
+parser.add_argument("--csv", required=True, help="Path to color CSV file")
+parser.add_argument("--output", required=True, help="Path to output .h file")
+args = parser.parse_args()
+
+# Load colors
+colors = {}
+with open(args.csv, newline="", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+  reader = csv.DictReader(f)
+  if "name" not in reader.fieldnames:
+    raise ValueError("CSV must have a 'name' column")
+  for row in reader:
+    name = row["name"]
+    r, g, b = row["r"], row["g"], row["b"]
+    a = row["a"] if "a" in row and row["a"] != "" else "1.0"
+    for ch in (r, g, b, a):
+      if not (0.0 <= float(ch) <= 1.0):
+        raise ValueError(f"Color channel {ch!r} for '{name}' out of range [0.0, 1.0]")
+    colors[name] = (r, g, b, a)
+
+# Build output
+out = [
+  "#pragma once",
+  '#include "dusk.h"',
+  "",
+  "typedef float_t    colorchannelf_t;",
+  "typedef uint8_t    colorchannel8_t;",
+  "",
+  "typedef struct { colorchannelf_t r, g, b;    } color3f_t;",
+  "typedef struct { colorchannelf_t r, g, b, a; } color4f_t;",
+  "typedef struct { colorchannel8_t r, g, b;    } color3b_t;",
+  "typedef struct { colorchannel8_t r, g, b, a; } color4b_t;",
+  "typedef color4b_t color_t;",
+  "",
+  "#define color3f(r, g, b)    ((color3f_t){ r, g, b })",
+  "#define color4f(r, g, b, a) ((color4f_t){ r, g, b, a })",
+  "#define color3b(r, g, b)    ((color3b_t){ r, g, b })",
+  "#define color4b(r, g, b, a) ((color4b_t){ r, g, b, a })",
+  "#define color(r, g, b, a)   color4b(r, g, b, a)",
+  "#define colorHex(hex)       color4b(((hex >> 24) & 0xFF), ((hex >> 16) & 0xFF), ((hex >> 8) & 0xFF), (hex & 0xFF))",
+  "",
+]
+
+for name, (r, g, b, a) in colors.items():
+  r8, g8, b8, a8 = (int(float(ch) * 255) for ch in (r, g, b, a))
+  macro = "COLOR_" + name.upper()
+  camel = "".join(p[0].upper() + p[1:].lower() for p in name.split("_"))
+
+  out += [
+    f"// {name}",
+    f"#define {macro}_4B  color4b({r8}, {g8}, {b8}, {a8})",
+    f"#define {macro}_3B  color3b({r8}, {g8}, {b8})",
+    f"#define {macro}_3F  color3f({float(r)}f, {float(g)}f, {float(b)}f)",
+    f"#define {macro}_4F  color4f({float(r)}f, {float(g)}f, {float(b)}f, {float(a)}f)",
+    f"#define {macro}     {macro}_4B",
+    "",
+  ]
+
+os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(args.output), exist_ok=True)
+with open(args.output, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+  f.write("\n".join(out))

tools/run_python/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+function(dusk_run_python CMAKE_TARGET_NAME PYTHON_MODULE)
+  find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter REQUIRED)
+
+  add_custom_target(${CMAKE_TARGET_NAME} ALL
+    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}
+    COMMAND
+      ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} -m ${PYTHON_MODULE} ${ARGN}
+  )
+endfunction()