Rework ascii string to use less memory. (#4030)

Furthermore rename utf8_string to short_string.

JerryScript-DCO-1.0-Signed-off-by: Zoltan Herczeg zherczeg.u-szeged@partner.samsung.com

jerry-core/ecma/base/ecma-globals.h

@@ -1601,15 +1601,6 @@ typedef struct
   } u;
 } ecma_string_t;
 
-/**
- * ECMA ASCII string-value descriptor
- */
-typedef struct
-{
-  ecma_string_t header; /**< string header */
-  uint16_t size; /**< size of this ASCII string in bytes */
-} ecma_ascii_string_t;
-
 /**
  * ECMA UTF8 string-value descriptor
  */
@@ -1618,7 +1609,7 @@ typedef struct
   ecma_string_t header; /**< string header */
   uint16_t size; /**< size of this utf-8 string in bytes */
   uint16_t length; /**< length of this utf-8 string in characters */
-} ecma_utf8_string_t;
+} ecma_short_string_t;
 
 /**
  * Long or external CESU8 string-value descriptor
@@ -1640,23 +1631,41 @@ typedef struct
   ecma_object_native_free_callback_t free_cb; /**< free callback */
 } ecma_external_string_t;
 
+/**
+ * Header size of an ecma ASCII string
+ */
+#define ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE \
+  ((lit_utf8_size_t) (sizeof (ecma_string_t) + sizeof (uint8_t)))
+
+/**
+ * Get the size of an ecma ASCII string
+ */
+#define ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE(string_p) \
+  ((lit_utf8_size_t) *((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_string_t)) + 1)
+
+/**
+ * Set the size of an ecma ASCII string
+ */
+#define ECMA_ASCII_STRING_SET_SIZE(string_p, size) \
+  (*((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_string_t)) = (uint8_t) ((size) - 1))
+
 /**
  * Get the start position of the string buffer of an ecma ASCII string
  */
 #define ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER(string_p) \
-  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t)))
+  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE)
 
 /**
  * Get the start position of the string buffer of an ecma UTF8 string
  */
-#define ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER(string_p) \
+#define ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER(string_p) \
-  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_utf8_string_t)))
+  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_short_string_t))
 
 /**
  * Get the start position of the string buffer of an ecma long CESU8 string
  */
 #define ECMA_LONG_STRING_BUFFER_START(string_p) \
-  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_long_string_t)))
+  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (string_p) + sizeof (ecma_long_string_t))
 
 /**
  * ECMA extended string-value descriptor
@@ -1684,13 +1693,13 @@ typedef struct
  * Get pointer to the beginning of the stored string in the string builder
  */
 #define ECMA_STRINGBUILDER_STRING_PTR(header_p) \
-  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (((lit_utf8_byte_t *) header_p) + sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t)))
+  ((lit_utf8_byte_t *) (((lit_utf8_byte_t *) header_p) + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE))
 
 /**
  * Get the size of the stored string in the string builder
  */
 #define ECMA_STRINGBUILDER_STRING_SIZE(header_p) \
-  ((lit_utf8_size_t) (header_p->current_size - sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t)))
+  ((lit_utf8_size_t) (header_p->current_size - ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE))
 
 /**
  * String builder handle

jerry-core/ecma/base/ecma-helpers-string.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ JERRY_STATIC_ASSERT ((int) ECMA_DIRECT_STRING_UINT == (int) ECMA_STRING_CONTAINE
 JERRY_STATIC_ASSERT (ECMA_PROPERTY_NAME_TYPE_SHIFT > ECMA_VALUE_SHIFT,
                      ecma_property_name_type_shift_must_be_greater_than_ecma_value_shift);
 
-JERRY_STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (ecma_stringbuilder_header_t) <= sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t),
+JERRY_STATIC_ASSERT (sizeof (ecma_stringbuilder_header_t) <= ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE,
                      ecma_stringbuilder_header_must_not_be_larger_than_ecma_ascii_string);
 
 /**
@@ -155,8 +155,8 @@ ecma_string_get_chars_fast (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string */
   {
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING:
     {
-      *size_p = ((ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p)->size;
+      *size_p = ((ecma_short_string_t *) string_p)->size;
-      return ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
+      return ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
     }
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING:
     {
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ ecma_string_get_chars_fast (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string */
     }
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING:
     {
-      *size_p = ((ecma_ascii_string_t *) string_p)->size;
+      *size_p = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE (string_p);
       return ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
     }
     default:
@@ -253,26 +253,24 @@ ecma_new_ecma_string_from_utf8_buffer (lit_utf8_size_t length, /**< length of th
 {
   if (JERRY_LIKELY (size <= UINT16_MAX))
   {
-    if (JERRY_LIKELY (length == size))
+    if (JERRY_LIKELY (length == size) && size <= (UINT8_MAX + 1))
     {
-      ecma_ascii_string_t *string_desc_p;
+      ecma_string_t *string_desc_p;
-      string_desc_p = (ecma_ascii_string_t *) ecma_alloc_string_buffer (size + sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t));
+      string_desc_p = (ecma_string_t *) ecma_alloc_string_buffer (size + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE);
-      string_desc_p->header.refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
+      string_desc_p->refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
-      string_desc_p->size = (uint16_t) size;
+      ECMA_ASCII_STRING_SET_SIZE (string_desc_p, size);
 
       *data_p = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_desc_p);
       return (ecma_string_t *) string_desc_p;
     }
 
-    JERRY_ASSERT (length < size);
+    ecma_short_string_t *string_desc_p;
-
+    string_desc_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) ecma_alloc_string_buffer (size + sizeof (ecma_short_string_t));
-    ecma_utf8_string_t *string_desc_p;
-    string_desc_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) ecma_alloc_string_buffer (size + sizeof (ecma_utf8_string_t));
     string_desc_p->header.refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
     string_desc_p->size = (uint16_t) size;
     string_desc_p->length = (uint16_t) length;
 
-    *data_p = ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_desc_p);
+    *data_p = ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_desc_p);
     return (ecma_string_t *) string_desc_p;
   }
 
@@ -458,7 +456,7 @@ ecma_new_ecma_external_string_from_cesu8 (const lit_utf8_byte_t *string_p, /**<
   JERRY_ASSERT (string_p != NULL || string_size == 0);
   JERRY_ASSERT (lit_is_valid_cesu8_string (string_p, string_size));
 
-  if (string_size < (sizeof (ecma_external_string_t) - sizeof (ecma_utf8_string_t)))
+  if (string_size < (sizeof (ecma_external_string_t) - sizeof (ecma_short_string_t)))
   {
     /* Normal strings are created for short strings. */
     ecma_string_t *string_desc_p = ecma_new_ecma_string_from_utf8 (string_p, string_size);
@@ -881,7 +879,7 @@ ecma_destroy_ecma_string (ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
   {
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING:
     {
-      ecma_dealloc_string_buffer (string_p, ((ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p)->size + sizeof (ecma_utf8_string_t));
+      ecma_dealloc_string_buffer (string_p, ((ecma_short_string_t *) string_p)->size + sizeof (ecma_short_string_t));
       return;
     }
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING:
@@ -906,8 +904,7 @@ ecma_destroy_ecma_string (ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
     }
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING:
     {
-      ecma_dealloc_string_buffer (string_p,
+      ecma_dealloc_string_buffer (string_p, ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE (string_p) + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE);
-                                  ((ecma_ascii_string_t *) string_p)->size + sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t));
       return;
     }
 #if ENABLED (JERRY_ESNEXT)
@@ -1465,10 +1462,10 @@ ecma_string_get_chars (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string */
     {
       case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING:
       {
-        ecma_utf8_string_t *utf8_string_desc_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p;
+        ecma_short_string_t *short_string_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) string_p;
-        size = utf8_string_desc_p->size;
+        size = short_string_p->size;
-        length = utf8_string_desc_p->length;
+        length = short_string_p->length;
-        result_p = ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (utf8_string_desc_p);
+        result_p = ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (short_string_p);
         break;
       }
       case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING:
@@ -1481,10 +1478,9 @@ ecma_string_get_chars (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string */
       }
       case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING:
       {
-        ecma_ascii_string_t *ascii_string_desc_p = (ecma_ascii_string_t *) string_p;
+        size = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE (string_p);
-        size = ascii_string_desc_p->size;
+        length = size;
-        length = ascii_string_desc_p->size;
+        result_p = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
-        result_p = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER (ascii_string_desc_p);
         break;
       }
       case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_UINT32_IN_DESC:
@@ -1722,10 +1718,10 @@ ecma_compare_get_string_chars (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string *
   {
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING:
     {
-      ecma_utf8_string_t *utf8_string_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p;
+      ecma_short_string_t *short_string_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) string_p;
-      size_and_length_p[0] = utf8_string_p->size;
+      size_and_length_p[0] = short_string_p->size;
-      size_and_length_p[1] = utf8_string_p->length;
+      size_and_length_p[1] = short_string_p->length;
-      return ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
+      return ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
     }
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING:
     {
@@ -1736,9 +1732,8 @@ ecma_compare_get_string_chars (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string *
     }
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING:
     {
-      ecma_ascii_string_t *ascii_string_p = (ecma_ascii_string_t *) string_p;
+      size_and_length_p[0] = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE (string_p);
-      size_and_length_p[0] = ascii_string_p->size;
+      size_and_length_p[1] = size_and_length_p[0];
-      size_and_length_p[1] = ascii_string_p->size;
       return ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
     }
     default:
@@ -1994,7 +1989,7 @@ ecma_string_get_ascii_size (const ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
   }
   else if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING)
   {
-    return ((ecma_ascii_string_t *) string_p)->size;
+    return ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE (string_p);
   }
 
   return ECMA_STRING_NO_ASCII_SIZE;
@@ -2027,7 +2022,7 @@ ecma_string_get_length (const ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING)
   {
-    return ((ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p)->length;
+    return ((ecma_short_string_t *) string_p)->length;
   }
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING)
@@ -2069,15 +2064,15 @@ ecma_string_get_utf8_length (const ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING)
   {
-    ecma_utf8_string_t *utf8_string_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p;
+    ecma_short_string_t *short_string_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) string_p;
-    lit_utf8_size_t size = utf8_string_p->size;
+    lit_utf8_size_t size = short_string_p->size;
 
-    if (size == utf8_string_p->length)
+    if (size == short_string_p->length)
     {
       return size;
     }
 
-    return lit_get_utf8_length_of_cesu8_string (ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p), size);
+    return lit_get_utf8_length_of_cesu8_string (ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p), size);
   }
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING)
@@ -2126,7 +2121,7 @@ ecma_string_get_size (const ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING)
   {
-    return ((ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p)->size;
+    return ((ecma_short_string_t *) string_p)->size;
   }
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING)
@@ -2166,15 +2161,15 @@ ecma_string_get_utf8_size (const ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma-string */
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING)
   {
-    ecma_utf8_string_t *utf8_string_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p;
+    ecma_short_string_t *short_string_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) string_p;
-    lit_utf8_size_t size = utf8_string_p->size;
+    lit_utf8_size_t size = short_string_p->size;
 
-    if (size == utf8_string_p->length)
+    if (size == short_string_p->length)
     {
       return size;
     }
 
-    return lit_get_utf8_size_of_cesu8_string (ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p), size);
+    return lit_get_utf8_size_of_cesu8_string (ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p), size);
   }
 
   if (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (string_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_LONG_OR_EXTERNAL_STRING)
@@ -2267,11 +2262,11 @@ ecma_string_get_char_at_pos (const ecma_string_t *string_p, /**< ecma-string */
   {
     case ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING:
     {
-      ecma_utf8_string_t *utf8_string_desc_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) string_p;
+      ecma_short_string_t *short_string_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) string_p;
-      lit_utf8_size_t size = utf8_string_desc_p->size;
+      lit_utf8_size_t size = short_string_p->size;
-      const lit_utf8_byte_t *data_p = ECMA_UTF8_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
+      const lit_utf8_byte_t *data_p = ECMA_SHORT_STRING_GET_BUFFER (string_p);
 
-      if (JERRY_LIKELY (size == utf8_string_desc_p->length))
+      if (JERRY_LIKELY (size == short_string_p->length))
       {
         return (ecma_char_t) data_p[index];
       }
@@ -2581,7 +2576,7 @@ ecma_string_pad (ecma_value_t original_string_p, /**< Input ecma string */
 ecma_stringbuilder_t
 ecma_stringbuilder_create (void)
 {
-  const lit_utf8_size_t initial_size = sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t);
+  const lit_utf8_size_t initial_size = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE;
   ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *header_p = (ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *) jmem_heap_alloc_block (initial_size);
   header_p->current_size = initial_size;
 #if ENABLED (JERRY_MEM_STATS)
@@ -2601,7 +2596,7 @@ ecma_stringbuilder_t
 ecma_stringbuilder_create_from (ecma_string_t *string_p) /**< ecma string */
 {
   const lit_utf8_size_t string_size = ecma_string_get_size (string_p);
-  const lit_utf8_size_t initial_size = string_size + (lit_utf8_size_t) sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t);
+  const lit_utf8_size_t initial_size = string_size + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE;
 
   ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *header_p = (ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *) jmem_heap_alloc_block (initial_size);
   header_p->current_size = initial_size;
@@ -2627,7 +2622,7 @@ ecma_stringbuilder_t
 ecma_stringbuilder_create_raw (const lit_utf8_byte_t *data_p, /**< pointer to data */
                                const lit_utf8_size_t data_size) /**< size of the data */
 {
-  const lit_utf8_size_t initial_size = data_size + (lit_utf8_size_t) sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t);
+  const lit_utf8_size_t initial_size = data_size + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE;
 
   ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *header_p = (ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *) jmem_heap_alloc_block (initial_size);
   header_p->current_size = initial_size;
@@ -2703,7 +2698,7 @@ ecma_stringbuilder_revert (ecma_stringbuilder_t *builder_p, /**< string builder
   ecma_stringbuilder_header_t *header_p = builder_p->header_p;
   JERRY_ASSERT (header_p != NULL);
 
-  const lit_utf8_size_t new_size = size + (lit_utf8_size_t) (sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t));
+  const lit_utf8_size_t new_size = size + ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE;
   JERRY_ASSERT (new_size <= header_p->current_size);
 
 #if ENABLED (JERRY_MEM_STATS)
@@ -2820,20 +2815,20 @@ ecma_stringbuilder_finalize (ecma_stringbuilder_t *builder_p) /**< string builde
   builder_p->header_p = NULL;
 #endif
 
-  size_t container_size = sizeof (ecma_utf8_string_t);
+  size_t container_size = sizeof (ecma_short_string_t);
   const lit_string_hash_t hash = lit_utf8_string_calc_hash (string_begin_p, string_size);
   const lit_utf8_size_t length = lit_utf8_string_length (string_begin_p, string_size);
 
   if (JERRY_LIKELY (string_size <= UINT16_MAX))
   {
-    if (JERRY_LIKELY (length == string_size))
+    if (JERRY_LIKELY (length == string_size) && string_size <= (UINT8_MAX + 1))
     {
-      ecma_ascii_string_t *ascii_string_p = (ecma_ascii_string_t *) header_p;
+      string_p = (ecma_string_t *) header_p;
-      ascii_string_p->header.refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
+      string_p->refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
-      ascii_string_p->header.u.hash = hash;
+      string_p->u.hash = hash;
-      ascii_string_p->size = (uint16_t) string_size;
+      ECMA_ASCII_STRING_SET_SIZE (string_p, string_size);
 
-      return (ecma_string_t *) ascii_string_p;
+      return (ecma_string_t *) string_p;
     }
   }
   else
@@ -2848,19 +2843,19 @@ ecma_stringbuilder_finalize (ecma_stringbuilder_t *builder_p) /**< string builde
            string_size);
 
 #if ENABLED (JERRY_MEM_STATS)
-  jmem_stats_allocate_string_bytes (container_size - sizeof (ecma_ascii_string_t));
+  jmem_stats_allocate_string_bytes (container_size - ECMA_ASCII_STRING_HEADER_SIZE);
 #endif /* ENABLED (JERRY_MEM_STATS) */
 
   if (JERRY_LIKELY (string_size <= UINT16_MAX))
   {
-    ecma_utf8_string_t *utf8_string_p = (ecma_utf8_string_t *) header_p;
+    ecma_short_string_t *short_string_p = (ecma_short_string_t *) header_p;
 
-    utf8_string_p->header.refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
+    short_string_p->header.refs_and_container = ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_UTF8_STRING | ECMA_STRING_REF_ONE;
-    utf8_string_p->header.u.hash = hash;
+    short_string_p->header.u.hash = hash;
-    utf8_string_p->size = (uint16_t) string_size;
+    short_string_p->size = (uint16_t) string_size;
-    utf8_string_p->length = (uint16_t) length;
+    short_string_p->length = (uint16_t) length;
 
-    return (ecma_string_t *) utf8_string_p;
+    return (ecma_string_t *) short_string_p;
   }
 
   ecma_long_string_t *long_string_p = (ecma_long_string_t *) header_p;

jerry-core/parser/js/js-lexer.c

@@ -2939,7 +2939,7 @@ lexer_construct_regexp_object (parser_context_t *context_p, /**< context */
       JERRY_ASSERT (!ECMA_IS_DIRECT_STRING (message_p));
       JERRY_ASSERT (ECMA_STRING_GET_CONTAINER (message_p) == ECMA_STRING_CONTAINER_HEAP_ASCII_STRING);
       buffer_p = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_BUFFER (message_p);
-      size = ((ecma_ascii_string_t *) message_p)->size;
+      size = ECMA_ASCII_STRING_GET_SIZE (message_p);
     }
 
     uint16_t literal_index = parser_find_string_literal (context_p, &literal_p, buffer_p, size);