Bit if UI cleanup

src/dusk/engine/engine.c

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 #include "cutscene/cutscene.h"
 #include "asset/asset.h"
 #include "ui/ui.h"
-#include "ui/uitextbox.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "network/network.h"
 #include "system/system.h"
@@ -43,7 +42,6 @@ errorret_t engineInit(const int32_t argc, const char_t **argv) {
   errorChain(localeManagerInit());
   errorChain(displayInit());
   errorChain(uiInit());
-  errorChain(uiTextboxInit());
   errorChain(cutsceneInit());
   errorChain(rpgInit());
   errorChain(networkInit());
@@ -63,8 +61,7 @@ errorret_t engineUpdate(void) {
   inputUpdate();
   consoleUpdate();
   errorChain(rpgUpdate());
-  uiUpdate();
+  errorChain(uiUpdate());
-  errorChain(uiTextboxUpdate());
   errorChain(cutsceneUpdate());
   errorChain(sceneUpdate());
   errorChain(assetUpdate());
@@ -80,13 +77,12 @@ void engineExit(void) {
 }
 
 errorret_t engineDispose(void) {
-  uiTextboxDispose();
   cutsceneDispose();
   errorChain(sceneDispose());
   errorChain(networkDispose());
   errorChain(rpgDispose());
   localeManagerDispose();
-  uiDispose();
+  errorChain(uiDispose());
   consoleDispose();
   errorChain(displayDispose());
   // errorChain(saveDispose());

src/dusk/input/input.c

@@ -139,6 +139,62 @@ float_t inputGetLastValue(const inputaction_t action) {
     assertTrue(action < INPUT_ACTION_COUNT, "Input action out of bounds");
     return INPUT.actions[action].lastDynamicValue;
   }
+
+  bool_t inputIsDownDynamic(const inputaction_t action) {
+    return inputGetCurrentValueDynamic(action) > 0.0f;
+  }
+
+  bool_t inputWasDownDynamic(const inputaction_t action) {
+    return inputGetLastValueDynamic(action) > 0.0f;
+  }
+
+  bool_t inputPressedDynamic(const inputaction_t action) {
+    return inputIsDownDynamic(action) && !inputWasDownDynamic(action);
+  }
+
+  bool_t inputReleasedDynamic(const inputaction_t action) {
+    return !inputIsDownDynamic(action) && inputWasDownDynamic(action);
+  }
+
+  float_t inputAxisDynamic(
+    const inputaction_t neg,
+    const inputaction_t pos
+  ) {
+    return inputGetCurrentValueDynamic(pos) -
+      inputGetCurrentValueDynamic(neg);
+  }
+
+  void inputAxis2DDynamic(
+    const inputaction_t negX, const inputaction_t posX,
+    const inputaction_t negY, const inputaction_t posY,
+    vec2 result
+  ) {
+    assertNotNull(result, "Result vector cannot be null");
+    result[0] = inputAxisDynamic(negX, posX);
+    result[1] = inputAxisDynamic(negY, posY);
+  }
+
+  void inputAngle2DDynamic(
+    const inputaction_t negX, const inputaction_t posX,
+    const inputaction_t negY, const inputaction_t posY,
+    vec2 result
+  ) {
+    assertNotNull(result, "Result vector cannot be null");
+    float_t x = inputAxisDynamic(negX, posX);
+    float_t y = inputAxisDynamic(negY, posY);
+    float_t mag = sqrtf(x * x + y * y);
+    if(mag <= 0.0f) {
+      result[0] = 0.0f;
+      result[1] = 0.0f;
+      return;
+    }
+    if(mag > 1.0f) {
+      x /= mag;
+      y /= mag;
+    }
+    result[0] = x;
+    result[1] = y;
+  }
 #endif
 
 bool_t inputIsDown(const inputaction_t action) {

src/dusk/input/input.csv

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ LEFT,
 RIGHT,
 ACCEPT,
 CANCEL,
+PAUSE,
 RAGEQUIT,
 CONSOLE,
 POINTERX,

src/dusk/input/input.h

@@ -65,6 +65,80 @@ float_t inputGetLastValue(const inputaction_t action);
    * @return The last value of the action (0.0f to 1.0f).
    */
   float_t inputGetLastValueDynamic(const inputaction_t action);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if an action is currently down on the dynamic timestep.
+   *
+   * @param action The input action to check.
+   * @return true if the action is currently down.
+   */
+  bool_t inputIsDownDynamic(const inputaction_t action);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if an action was down on the previous dynamic frame.
+   *
+   * @param action The input action to check.
+   * @return true if the action was down last dynamic frame.
+   */
+  bool_t inputWasDownDynamic(const inputaction_t action);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if an action was pressed this dynamic frame (down now, not before).
+   *
+   * @param action The input action to check.
+   * @return true if the action was just pressed this dynamic frame.
+   */
+  bool_t inputPressedDynamic(const inputaction_t action);
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if an action was released this dynamic frame (up now, down before).
+   *
+   * @param action The input action to check.
+   * @return true if the action was just released this dynamic frame.
+   */
+  bool_t inputReleasedDynamic(const inputaction_t action);
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the value of an input axis on the dynamic timestep.
+   *
+   * @param neg The action representing the negative direction.
+   * @param pos The action representing the positive direction.
+   * @return The current axis value (-1.0f to 1.0f).
+   */
+  float_t inputAxisDynamic(
+    const inputaction_t neg,
+    const inputaction_t pos
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the values of a 2D input axis on the dynamic timestep.
+   *
+   * @param negX Negative X action.
+   * @param posX Positive X action.
+   * @param negY Negative Y action.
+   * @param posY Positive Y action.
+   * @param result vec2 to store the result (-1.0f to 1.0f per axis).
+   */
+  void inputAxis2DDynamic(
+    const inputaction_t negX, const inputaction_t posX,
+    const inputaction_t negY, const inputaction_t posY,
+    vec2 result
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Gets an angled 2D unit vector from four actions on the dynamic timestep.
+   *
+   * @param negX Negative X action.
+   * @param posX Positive X action.
+   * @param negY Negative Y action.
+   * @param posY Positive Y action.
+   * @param result vec2 to store the result.
+   */
+  void inputAngle2DDynamic(
+    const inputaction_t negX, const inputaction_t posX,
+    const inputaction_t negY, const inputaction_t posY,
+    vec2 result
+  );
 #endif
 
 /**

src/dusk/ui/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,17 +3,17 @@
 # This software is released under the MIT License.
 # https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 
+add_subdirectory(debug)
+add_subdirectory(uifocus)
+
 # Sources
 target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   PUBLIC
     ui.c
-    uiconsole.c
     uicrop.c
-    uifps.c
     uielement.c
     uiframe.c
     uifullbox.c
     uiloading.c
     uitextbox.c
-    uiplayerpos.c
 )

src/dusk/ui/debug/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    uiconsole.c
+    uifps.c
+    uiplayerpos.c
+)

src/dusk/ui/ui.c

@@ -11,23 +11,17 @@
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "ui/uielement.h"
-#include "ui/uifullbox.h"
+#include "ui/uifocus/uifocus.h"
-#include "ui/uiloading.h"
-#include "ui/uicrop.h"
-#include "time/time.h"
 #include "log/log.h"
 
 ui_t UI;
 
 errorret_t uiInit(void) {
   memoryZero(&UI, sizeof(ui_t));
-  uiCropInit();
+  uiFocusInit();
-  uiFullboxInit(&UI_FULLBOX_UNDER);
-  uiFullboxInit(&UI_FULLBOX_OVER);
-  uiLoadingInit();
 
   uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
-  while(element->type != UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NULL) {
+  while(element->draw != NULL) {
     errorChain(uiElementInit(element));
     element++;
   }
@@ -35,15 +29,21 @@ errorret_t uiInit(void) {
   errorOk();
 }
 
-void uiUpdate(void) {
+errorret_t uiUpdate(void) {
-  uiFullboxUpdate(&UI_FULLBOX_UNDER, TIME.delta);
+  uiFocusUpdate();
-  uiFullboxUpdate(&UI_FULLBOX_OVER, TIME.delta);
+
-  uiLoadingUpdate(TIME.delta);
+  uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
+  while(element->draw != NULL) {
+    errorChain(uiElementUpdate(element));
+    element++;
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
 }
 
 errorret_t uiRender(void) {
   const uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
-  while(element->type != UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NULL) {
+  while(element->draw != NULL) {
     errorChain(uiElementDraw(element));
 
     if(SPRITEBATCH.spriteCount > 0) {
@@ -56,5 +56,11 @@ errorret_t uiRender(void) {
   errorOk();
 }
 
-void uiDispose(void) {
+errorret_t uiDispose(void) {
+  uielement_t *element = &UI_ELEMENTS[0];
+  while(element->draw != NULL) {
+    errorChain(uiElementDispose(element));
+    element++;
+  }
+  errorOk();
 }

src/dusk/ui/ui.h

@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ errorret_t uiInit(void);
 
 /**
  * Updates the UI system.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
-void uiUpdate(void);
+errorret_t uiUpdate(void);
 
 /**
  * Renders the UI system.
@@ -33,5 +35,7 @@ errorret_t uiRender(void);
 
 /**
  * Disposes of the UI system.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
-void uiDispose(void);
+errorret_t uiDispose(void);

src/dusk/ui/uicrop.c

@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@
 
 uicrop_t UI_CROP;
 
-void uiCropInit(void) {
+errorret_t uiCropInit(void) {
   UI_CROP.color = COLOR_BLACK;
+  errorOk();
 }
 
 errorret_t uiCropDraw(void) {

src/dusk/ui/uicrop.h

@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ extern uicrop_t UI_CROP;
 
 /**
  * Initializes the crop bars to opaque black.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
-void uiCropInit(void);
+errorret_t uiCropInit(void);
 
 /**
  * Renders solid-color bars covering every area outside the

src/dusk/ui/uielement.c

@@ -7,54 +7,79 @@
 
 #include "uielement.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
-#include "ui/uifps.h"
+#include "ui/debug/uifps.h"
 #include "engine/engine.h"
 #include "ui/uitextbox.h"
 #include "ui/uifullbox.h"
 #include "ui/uiloading.h"
-#include "ui/uiplayerpos.h"
+#include "ui/debug/uiplayerpos.h"
 #include "ui/uicrop.h"
-#include "ui/uiconsole.h"
+#include "ui/debug/uiconsole.h"
 
 uielement_t UI_ELEMENTS[] = {
-  // Crop bars: black bars outside the scan-safe area.
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiCropDraw },
 
   // Fullbox under: above scene, below system UI.
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiFullboxUnderDraw },
+  {
+    .init = uiFullboxUnderInit,
+    .update = uiFullboxUnderUpdate,
+    .draw = uiFullboxUnderDraw
+  },
 
   // { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_SCRIPT, .script = { .script = "ui/test.js" } },
 
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiTextboxDraw },
+  {
+    .init = uiTextboxInit,
+    .update = uiTextboxUpdate,
+    .draw = uiTextboxDraw,
+    .dispose = uiTextboxDispose
+  },
+
   // Fullbox over: above absolutely everything.
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiFullboxOverDraw },
+  {
+    .init = uiFullboxOverInit,
+    .update = uiFullboxOverUpdate,
+    .draw = uiFullboxOverDraw
+  },
 
+  {
+    .init = uiLoadingInit,
+    .update = uiLoadingUpdate,
+    .draw = uiLoadingDraw
+  },
 
-  // These render above the fullbox overlay.
+  {
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiConsoleDraw },
+    .init = uiCropInit,
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiFPSDraw },
+    .draw = uiCropDraw
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiPlayerPosDraw },
+  },
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE, .draw = uiLoadingDraw },
 
+  // Debug items
+  { .draw = uiConsoleDraw },
+  { .draw = uiFPSDraw },
+  { .draw = uiPlayerPosDraw },
   
-  { .type = UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NULL },
+  { 0 } // Null terminator
 };
 
 errorret_t uiElementInit(uielement_t *element) {
   assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->init != NULL) errorChain(element->init());
+  errorOk();
+}
 
+errorret_t uiElementUpdate(uielement_t *element) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->update != NULL) errorChain(element->update());
   errorOk();
 }
 
 errorret_t uiElementDraw(const uielement_t *element) {
-  switch(element->type) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
-    case UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE:
+  assertNotNull(element->draw, "element draw callback must not be NULL");
-      errorChain(element->draw());
+  return element->draw();
-      break;
-
-    default:
-      assertUnreachable("Invalid UI element type");
 }
 
+errorret_t uiElementDispose(uielement_t *element) {
+  assertNotNull(element, "element must not be NULL");
+  if(element->dispose != NULL) errorChain(element->dispose());
   errorOk();
 }

src/dusk/ui/uielement.h

@@ -8,28 +8,43 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 
-typedef enum {
-  UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NULL,
-  UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_NATIVE,
-  UI_ELEMENT_TYPE_COUNT
-} uielementtype_t;
-
 typedef struct {
-  uielementtype_t type;
+  errorret_t (*init)();
+  errorret_t (*update)();
   errorret_t (*draw)();
+  errorret_t (*dispose)();
 } uielement_t;
 
 extern uielement_t UI_ELEMENTS[];
 
 /**
- * Initializes a UI element.
+ * Initializes a UI element, calling its init callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to initialize.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
 errorret_t uiElementInit(uielement_t *element);
 
 /**
- * Draws a UI element.
+ * Updates a UI element, calling its update callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to update.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiElementUpdate(uielement_t *element);
+
+/**
+ * Draws a UI element, calling its draw callback if set.
  *
  * @param element The element to render.
  * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
 errorret_t uiElementDraw(const uielement_t *element);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of a UI element, calling its dispose callback if set.
+ *
+ * @param element The element to dispose.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiElementDispose(uielement_t *element);

src/dusk/ui/uifocus/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    uifocus.c
+)

src/dusk/ui/uifocus/uifocus.c

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "uifocus.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "input/input.h"
+#include "time/time.h"
+
+const uifocusdirmap_t UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP[] = {
+  { INPUT_ACTION_UP,    UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_UP,     0, -1 },
+  { INPUT_ACTION_DOWN,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_DOWN,   0,  1 },
+  { INPUT_ACTION_LEFT,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT,  -1,  0 },
+  { INPUT_ACTION_RIGHT, UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT,  1,  0 },
+  { INPUT_ACTION_NULL,  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE,   0,  0 },
+};
+
+uifocus_t UI_FOCUS;
+
+void uiFocusInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&UI_FOCUS, sizeof(uifocus_t));
+}
+
+void uiFocusPush(
+  const uint8_t cols,
+  const uint8_t rows,
+  uifocusitemcallback_t selected,
+  uifocusitemcallback_t changed,
+  uifocusitemcallback_t closed
+) {
+  assertTrue(
+    UI_FOCUS.count < UI_FOCUS_STACK_MAX,
+    "UI focus stack overflow"
+  );
+
+  uifocusitem_t *item = &UI_FOCUS.items[UI_FOCUS.count];
+  memoryZero(item, sizeof(uifocusitem_t));
+  item->cols = cols;
+  item->rows = rows;
+  item->selected = selected;
+  item->changed = changed;
+  item->closed = closed;
+  UI_FOCUS.count++;
+}
+
+void uiFocusPop(void) {
+  assertTrue(UI_FOCUS.count > 0, "UI focus stack underflow");
+
+  uifocusitem_t *item = &UI_FOCUS.items[UI_FOCUS.count - 1];
+  if(item->closed != NULL) item->closed(item);
+  UI_FOCUS.count--;
+}
+
+void uiFocusPopTo(const int32_t depth) {
+  assertTrue(depth >= 0, "Focus depth must be >= 0");
+  assertTrue(depth <= UI_FOCUS.count, "Focus depth exceeds current depth");
+  while(UI_FOCUS.count > depth) uiFocusPop();
+}
+
+void uiFocusSelect(const uint8_t x, const uint8_t y) {
+  assertTrue(UI_FOCUS.count > 0, "No active focus item");
+  uifocusitem_t *item = &UI_FOCUS.items[UI_FOCUS.count - 1];
+  assertTrue(item->cols > 0, "Focus item cols must be > 0");
+  assertTrue(item->rows > 0, "Focus item rows must be > 0");
+  uint8_t newX = x % item->cols;
+  uint8_t newY = y % item->rows;
+
+  if(item->changed != NULL) {
+    uint8_t oldX = item->x;
+    uint8_t oldY = item->y;
+    item->x = newX;
+    item->y = newY;
+    if(!item->changed(item)) {
+      item->x = oldX;
+      item->y = oldY;
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  item->x = newX;
+  item->y = newY;
+}
+
+void uiFocusMoveDirection(
+  uifocusitem_t *item,
+  const uifocusdirection_t dir
+) {
+  const uifocusdirmap_t *m = UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP;
+  while(m->action != INPUT_ACTION_NULL) {
+    if(m->direction == dir) {
+      uint8_t x = (uint8_t)(
+        (item->x + item->cols + m->dx) % item->cols
+      );
+      uint8_t y = (uint8_t)(
+        (item->y + item->rows + m->dy) % item->rows
+      );
+      uiFocusSelect(x, y);
+      return;
+    }
+    m++;
+  }
+}
+
+void uiFocusUpdate(void) {
+  if(UI_FOCUS.count == 0) return;
+  uifocusitem_t *item = &UI_FOCUS.items[UI_FOCUS.count - 1];
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+    #define PRESSED(a) inputPressedDynamic(a)
+    #define IS_DOWN(a) inputIsDownDynamic(a)
+  #else
+    #define PRESSED(a) inputPressed(a)
+    #define IS_DOWN(a) inputIsDown(a)
+  #endif
+
+  if(PRESSED(INPUT_ACTION_ACCEPT)) {
+    if(item->selected != NULL) item->selected(item);
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  if(PRESSED(INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL)) {
+    if(item->closed != NULL && item->closed(item)) {
+      UI_FOCUS.count--;
+    }
+    goto done;
+  }
+
+  {
+    const uifocusdirmap_t *m = UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP;
+    while(m->action != INPUT_ACTION_NULL) {
+      if(PRESSED(m->action)) {
+        UI_FOCUS.direction = m->direction;
+        UI_FOCUS.timeHeld = 0.0f;
+        uiFocusMoveDirection(item, m->direction);
+        goto done;
+      }
+      m++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    bool_t held = false;
+    const uifocusdirmap_t *m = UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP;
+    while(m->action != INPUT_ACTION_NULL) {
+      if(m->direction == UI_FOCUS.direction) {
+        held = IS_DOWN(m->action);
+        break;
+      }
+      m++;
+    }
+
+    if(!held) {
+      UI_FOCUS.direction = UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE;
+      UI_FOCUS.timeHeld = 0.0f;
+      goto done;
+    }
+  }
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+    UI_FOCUS.timeHeld += TIME.dynamicDelta;
+  #else
+    UI_FOCUS.timeHeld += TIME.delta;
+  #endif
+
+  if(UI_FOCUS.timeHeld < UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY) goto done;
+
+  if(UI_FOCUS.timeHeld >= UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY + UI_FOCUS_HOLD_REPEAT) {
+    UI_FOCUS.timeHeld = UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY;
+    uiFocusMoveDirection(item, UI_FOCUS.direction);
+  }
+
+done:
+  #undef PRESSED
+  #undef IS_DOWN
+}

src/dusk/ui/uifocus/uifocus.h

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "uifocusitem.h"
+#include "input/inputaction.h"
+
+/** Maximum depth of the focus stack. */
+#define UI_FOCUS_STACK_MAX 8
+
+/**
+ * How long a direction must be held before repeating begins, in seconds.
+ */
+#define UI_FOCUS_HOLD_DELAY 0.5f
+
+/**
+ * Interval between repeated moves while a direction is held, in seconds.
+ */
+#define UI_FOCUS_HOLD_REPEAT 0.1f
+
+typedef enum {
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_NONE,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_UP,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_DOWN,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_LEFT,
+  UI_FOCUS_DIRECTION_RIGHT
+} uifocusdirection_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  inputaction_t action;
+  uifocusdirection_t direction;
+  int8_t dx;
+  int8_t dy;
+} uifocusdirmap_t;
+
+/**
+ * Mapping of input actions to focus directions, terminated by an
+ * entry with action == INPUT_ACTION_NULL.
+ */
+extern const uifocusdirmap_t UI_FOCUS_DIR_MAP[];
+
+/**
+ * A stack of focused UI items. Push an item when a widget captures
+ * focus; pop it when focus is released. The topmost item is always
+ * the active focus context.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  uifocusitem_t items[UI_FOCUS_STACK_MAX];
+  int32_t count;
+  uifocusdirection_t direction;
+  float_t timeHeld;
+} uifocus_t;
+
+extern uifocus_t UI_FOCUS;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the focus system, zeroing all state.
+ */
+void uiFocusInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Pushes a new focus item onto the stack with the given grid dimensions
+ * and callbacks. x and y are initialized to 0.
+ *
+ * @param cols      Number of columns in the focus grid.
+ * @param rows      Number of rows in the focus grid.
+ * @param selected  Called when the user selects the focused cell.
+ * @param changed   Called when the focused cell position changes.
+ * @param closed    Called when this focus item is popped.
+ */
+void uiFocusPush(
+  const uint8_t cols,
+  const uint8_t rows,
+  uifocusitemcallback_t selected,
+  uifocusitemcallback_t changed,
+  uifocusitemcallback_t closed
+);
+
+/**
+ * Pops the topmost focus item from the stack, invoking its closed
+ * callback if one is set.
+ */
+void uiFocusPop(void);
+
+/**
+ * Pops focus items until the stack depth reaches the given value.
+ * Each popped item has its closed callback invoked as normal.
+ *
+ * @param depth Target stack depth to pop back to.
+ */
+void uiFocusPopTo(const int32_t depth);
+
+/**
+ * Manually sets the cursor position of the topmost focus item and
+ * fires its changed callback.
+ *
+ * @param x  Column to move to.
+ * @param y  Row to move to.
+ */
+void uiFocusSelect(const uint8_t x, const uint8_t y);
+
+/**
+ * Moves the topmost focus item one step in the given direction,
+ * wrapping at the grid edges, and fires its changed callback.
+ *
+ * @param item The focus item to move.
+ * @param dir  Direction to move.
+ */
+void uiFocusMoveDirection(
+  uifocusitem_t *item,
+  const uifocusdirection_t dir
+);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the focus system. Handles first-press movement and
+ * held-direction repeating. Called once per game tick.
+ */
+void uiFocusUpdate(void);

src/dusk/ui/uifocus/uifocusitem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+typedef struct uifocusitem_s uifocusitem_t;
+
+/**
+ * Callback invoked when a focus item's selected cell changes.
+ *
+ * @param item The focus item that changed.
+ */
+typedef bool_t (*uifocusitemcallback_t)(const uifocusitem_t *item);
+
+/**
+ * A single entry on the UI focus stack. Tracks the focused cell
+ * within a grid of cols x rows, and the current x/y position.
+ */
+struct uifocusitem_s {
+  uint8_t cols;
+  uint8_t rows;
+  uint8_t x;
+  uint8_t y;
+  uifocusitemcallback_t selected;
+  uifocusitemcallback_t changed;
+  uifocusitemcallback_t closed;
+};

src/dusk/ui/uifullbox.c

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "uifullbox.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
+#include "time/time.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "display/texture/texture.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
@@ -92,10 +93,30 @@ void uiFullboxTransition(
   fullbox->easing = easing;
 }
 
+errorret_t uiFullboxUnderInit(void) {
+  uiFullboxInit(&UI_FULLBOX_UNDER);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiFullboxUnderUpdate(void) {
+  uiFullboxUpdate(&UI_FULLBOX_UNDER, TIME.delta);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
 errorret_t uiFullboxUnderDraw(void) {
   return uiFullboxDraw(&UI_FULLBOX_UNDER);
 }
 
+errorret_t uiFullboxOverInit(void) {
+  uiFullboxInit(&UI_FULLBOX_OVER);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t uiFullboxOverUpdate(void) {
+  uiFullboxUpdate(&UI_FULLBOX_OVER, TIME.delta);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
 errorret_t uiFullboxOverDraw(void) {
   return uiFullboxDraw(&UI_FULLBOX_OVER);
 }

src/dusk/ui/uifullbox.h

@@ -66,12 +66,44 @@ void uiFullboxTransition(
   easingtype_t easing
 );
 
+/**
+ * Init function for UI_FULLBOX_UNDER (registered in UI_ELEMENTS).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFullboxUnderInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Update function for UI_FULLBOX_UNDER (registered in UI_ELEMENTS).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFullboxUnderUpdate(void);
+
 /**
  * Draw function for UI_FULLBOX_UNDER (registered in UI_ELEMENTS).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
 errorret_t uiFullboxUnderDraw(void);
 
+/**
+ * Init function for UI_FULLBOX_OVER (registered in UI_ELEMENTS).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFullboxOverInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Update function for UI_FULLBOX_OVER (registered in UI_ELEMENTS).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFullboxOverUpdate(void);
+
 /**
  * Draw function for UI_FULLBOX_OVER (registered in UI_ELEMENTS).
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
 errorret_t uiFullboxOverDraw(void);

src/dusk/ui/uiloading.c

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "uiloading.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
+#include "time/time.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@
 
 uiloading_t UI_LOADING;
 
-void uiLoadingInit(void) {
+errorret_t uiLoadingInit(void) {
   memoryZero(&UI_LOADING, sizeof(uiloading_t));
   eventInit(
     &UI_LOADING.onTransitionEnd,
@@ -25,17 +26,19 @@ void uiLoadingInit(void) {
     UI_LOADING.onTransitionEndUsers,
     4
   );
+  errorOk();
 }
 
-void uiLoadingUpdate(float_t delta) {
+errorret_t uiLoadingUpdate(void) {
-  if(UI_LOADING.duration <= 0.0f || UI_LOADING.time >= UI_LOADING.duration)
+  if(UI_LOADING.duration > 0.0f && UI_LOADING.time < UI_LOADING.duration) {
-    return;
+    UI_LOADING.time += TIME.delta;
-  UI_LOADING.time += delta;
     if(UI_LOADING.time >= UI_LOADING.duration) {
       UI_LOADING.time = UI_LOADING.duration;
       eventInvoke(&UI_LOADING.onTransitionEnd, &UI_LOADING);
     }
   }
+  errorOk();
+}
 
 errorret_t uiLoadingDraw(void) {
   float_t alpha;

src/dusk/ui/uiloading.h

@@ -26,16 +26,18 @@ extern uiloading_t UI_LOADING;
 
 /**
  * Initializes the loading indicator.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
-void uiLoadingInit(void);
+errorret_t uiLoadingInit(void);
 
 /**
  * Advances the loading indicator fade transition. Fires onTransitionEnd once
  * when the transition completes.
  *
- * @param delta Seconds elapsed since last update.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
-void uiLoadingUpdate(float_t delta);
+errorret_t uiLoadingUpdate(void);
 
 /**
  * Draws the loading indicator. No-op when fully transparent.

src/dusk/ui/uitextbox.c

@@ -271,7 +271,8 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(void) {
   errorOk();
 }
 
-void uiTextboxDispose(void) {
+errorret_t uiTextboxDispose(void) {
   uiFrameDispose(&UI_TEXTBOX.frame);
   UI_TEXTBOX.font = NULL;
+  errorOk();
 }

src/dusk/ui/uitextbox.h

@@ -115,5 +115,7 @@ void uiTextboxNextPage(void);
 
 /**
  * Disposes of UI_TEXTBOX, nulling out texture pointers.
+ *
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
  */
-void uiTextboxDispose(void);
+errorret_t uiTextboxDispose(void);

src/duskdolphin/input/inputdolphin.c

@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ errorret_t inputInitDolphin(void) {
     X("b", INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL);
     X("z", INPUT_ACTION_CONSOLE);
     X("start", INPUT_ACTION_RAGEQUIT);
+    X("start", INPUT_ACTION_PAUSE);
 
   #elif defined(DUSK_WII)
     X("up", INPUT_ACTION_UP);
@@ -130,6 +131,7 @@ errorret_t inputInitDolphin(void) {
     X("b", INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL);
     X("z", INPUT_ACTION_CONSOLE);
     X("start", INPUT_ACTION_RAGEQUIT);
+    X("start", INPUT_ACTION_PAUSE);
 
     // TODO: Wiimote, USB Keyboard, probably more.
 

src/dusklinux/input/inputlinux.c

@@ -517,6 +517,7 @@ errorret_t inputInitLinux(void) {
     X("tab", INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL);
     X("q", INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL);
     X("escape", INPUT_ACTION_RAGEQUIT);
+    X("enter", INPUT_ACTION_PAUSE);
     X("`", INPUT_ACTION_CONSOLE);
   #endif
 
@@ -528,6 +529,7 @@ errorret_t inputInitLinux(void) {
     X("gamepad_a", INPUT_ACTION_ACCEPT);
     X("gamepad_b", INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL);
     X("gamepad_back", INPUT_ACTION_RAGEQUIT);
+    X("gamepad_start", INPUT_ACTION_PAUSE);
     X("gamepad_lstick_up", INPUT_ACTION_UP);
     X("gamepad_lstick_down", INPUT_ACTION_DOWN);
     X("gamepad_lstick_left", INPUT_ACTION_LEFT);

src/duskpsp/input/inputpsp.c

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ errorret_t inputInitPSP(void) {
   X("cancel", INPUT_ACTION_CANCEL);
   X("triangle", INPUT_ACTION_CONSOLE);
   X("select", INPUT_ACTION_RAGEQUIT);
+  X("start", INPUT_ACTION_PAUSE);
   X("lstick_up", INPUT_ACTION_UP);
   X("lstick_down", INPUT_ACTION_DOWN);
   X("lstick_left", INPUT_ACTION_LEFT);