Scene.set() JS lifecycle, UI sprite caching, emulator test scripts

- Add Scene.set(module) so JerryScript can switch scenes via
  require()'d {init, update, dispose} modules; wire it into
  engineUpdate() and rework overworldscene.js/init.js to the new shape.
- Fix scriptManagerExecFile() never pushing its own file's directory
  onto the require() dir stack, breaking relative require() calls from
  a top-level entry script (e.g. init.js -> ./overworldscene.js).
- Cache sprite geometry across frames for uislider/uitab/uiframe
  (dialogs/textbox/settings) and give uitextbox a per-page glyph cache
  instead of one spriteBatchBuffer call per visible character. uiconsole
  drops its alloc/free vertex buffer for a fixed-size one. uifps skips
  rebuilding its label when the text hasn't changed.
- Add PSP_OPTIMIZATION_PLAN.md and a handful of UI/spritebatch unit
  tests covering the new caching logic.
- Add Dolphin/PPSSPP emulator smoke-test scripts (+ Docker variants and
  CI jobs) for GameCube/Wii/PSP.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -33,3 +33,74 @@ jobs:
             libssl-dev
       - name: Run tests
         run: ./scripts/test-linux.sh
+
+  # Emulator smoke tests: boot the built disc/EBOOT for a fixed window and
+  # confirm the emulator doesn't crash. Not yet verified against a real
+  # runner (no CI run has exercised these) -- continue-on-error so a
+  # flaky/broken emulator step doesn't block the required Linux test job.
+  run-tests-gamecube-dolphin:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/extremscorner/libogc2:latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Node.js
+        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt-get install -y \
+            python3-pip python3-polib python3-pil \
+            python3-dotenv python3-pyqt5 python3-opengl xorriso \
+            dolphin-emu xvfb
+          dkp-pacman -Syu --noconfirm
+          dkp-pacman -S --needed --noconfirm \
+            gamecube-sdl2 ppc-liblzma ppc-libzip \
+            gamecube-tools ppc-libmad ppc-zlib-ng ppc-bzip2 ppc-zstd
+      - name: Build GameCube ISO and boot it in Dolphin
+        run: ./scripts/test-gamecube-dolphin.sh
+
+  run-tests-wii-dolphin:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    container:
+      image: ghcr.io/extremscorner/libogc2:latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install Node.js
+        run: apt-get update && apt-get install -y nodejs
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install additional dependencies
+        run: |
+          apt-get install -y \
+            python3-pip python3-polib python3-pil \
+            python3-dotenv python3-pyqt5 python3-opengl xorriso \
+            dolphin-emu xvfb
+          dkp-pacman -Syu --noconfirm
+          dkp-pacman -S --needed --noconfirm \
+            gamecube-sdl2 ppc-liblzma ppc-libzip \
+            gamecube-tools ppc-libmad ppc-zlib-ng ppc-bzip2 ppc-zstd
+      - name: Build Wii ISO and boot it in Dolphin
+        run: ./scripts/test-wii-dolphin.sh
+
+  run-tests-psp-ppsspp:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup pspdev
+        uses: ./.github/actions/setup-pspdev
+      - name: Install PPSSPPHeadless build dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y git cmake ninja-build libsdl2-dev zlib1g-dev
+      - name: Build PPSSPPHeadless
+        run: |
+          git clone --recursive --depth 1 https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp.git /tmp/ppsspp
+          cmake -S /tmp/ppsspp -B /tmp/ppsspp/build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+          cmake --build /tmp/ppsspp/build --target PPSSPPHeadless -- -j$(nproc)
+          echo "PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN=/tmp/ppsspp/build/PPSSPPHeadless" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Build PSP EBOOT and boot it in PPSSPPHeadless
+        run: ./scripts/test-psp-ppsspp.sh

PSP_OPTIMIZATION_PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+# PSP Optimization Plan
+
+A survey of concrete memory and CPU (especially floating-point) optimization
+opportunities for the PSP target, done 2026-07-31 on branch `ac2` at commit
+`e61914ba` + this session's scripting work. Point-in-time findings, not a
+substitute for reading the referenced source before acting on it.
+
+## Why this exists
+
+The PSP (Allegrex MIPS CPU, 222-333MHz, single core, 32-64MB main RAM, 2MB
+eDRAM, 16KB I-cache / 16KB D-cache, no virtual memory or memory protection)
+is the tightest-constrained target this engine ships to. Two rules guide
+everything below, both already correctly applied in one place in this
+codebase (`entityposition_t` caching its transform matrices instead of
+recomputing them from position/rotation/scale every read — see "Already
+correct" below):
+
+- **Memory is finite and cannot be compacted.** No VM means a fragmented
+  heap after a few minutes of play can fail an allocation even with
+  "enough" total free bytes. Prefer static/pool allocation over
+  malloc/free churn; prefer trading memory for CPU only when the memory
+  cost is bounded and paid once.
+- **CPU is finite and floating-point math is not free**, especially
+  trig/sqrt on the plain scalar FPU. Prefer caching a computed result
+  behind a dirty flag over recomputing it unconditionally; prefer
+  avoiding a sqrt via squared-distance comparison wherever only a
+  yes/no or ordering result is needed.
+
+## Priority 1 — Entity/component memory: a union tax paid on every slot, times 4 scenes
+
+**The single biggest finding.** `entitymanager_t` (`src/dusk/entity/entitymanager.h:11-15`)
+is a flat, statically-sized struct:
+
+```c
+typedef struct entitymanager_t {
+  entity_t entities[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];                              // 64
+  component_t components[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX * ENTITY_COMPONENT_COUNT_MAX]; // 64*16 = 1024
+  componentid_t entitiesWithComponent[COMPONENT_TYPE_COUNT * ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];
+} entitymanager_t;
+```
+
+`component_t` (`src/dusk/entity/component.h:69-72`) holds a **tagged union**
+(`componentdata_t`) sized to its largest variant. That variant is
+`entityrenderable_t`'s spritebatch payload (`entityrenderable.h:25-66`):
+`spritebatchsprite_t sprites[64]` at 40 bytes each (`vec3 min + vec3 max +
+vec2 uvMin + vec2 uvMax`) = **2560 bytes**, versus ~28-300 bytes for every
+other component type (camera, physics, animation, position, trigger).
+
+Because the union is embedded by value in a flat array — not behind a
+pointer, not sparse — **every one of the 1024 component slots in every
+entity manager costs ~2580 bytes, whether it holds a 28-byte camera or
+nothing at all.** `1024 * 2580 ≈ 2.52MB` per `entitymanager_t`, confirmed
+by the engine's own startup log every run: `Entity manager size: 2684992
+bytes (2622.06 KB)`.
+
+`scene_t` (`src/dusk/scene/scene.h:14-18`) embeds `entitymanager_t` by
+value too, and `SCENE_COUNT_MAX = 4` (`scene/scenebase.h:11`) with
+`SCENE_MANAGER` declared as a plain global (`scene/scene.c:20`) — so this
+~2.52MB exists as static BSS from process start for **all 4 scene slots**,
+used or not. **Total: ~10.1MB reserved permanently for entity storage
+alone** — 16-31% of PSP main RAM — before a single texture, mesh, or audio
+asset is loaded.
+
+**Options to fix (roughly increasing effort/risk):**
+1. Pull `entityrenderablespritebatch_t` out of the component union entirely
+   — store spritebatch entities via a pointer/handle into a separate,
+   smaller fixed pool sized to how many spritebatch-renderable entities
+   actually coexist (almost certainly far fewer than 64 per entity, and
+   far fewer entities need spritebatch at all vs. mesh/material
+   rendering). This alone would shrink the union's dominant variant from
+   ~2560 bytes to whatever the next-largest variant is (~300 bytes,
+   `entitytrigger_t`) — an ~88% reduction, dropping the ~10.1MB down to
+   roughly ~1.2MB.
+2. Reduce `SCENE_COUNT_MAX` from 4 if 4 concurrent scenes were never a
+   deliberate requirement (check with the project owner — this may just
+   be a round-number default nobody revisited), or make scene storage
+   pointer-based/lazily allocated so unused scene slots cost ~0 instead
+   of a full `entitymanager_t`.
+3. Reduce `ENTITY_COMPONENT_COUNT_MAX` (16) if entities realistically use
+   far fewer distinct component types simultaneously — check actual
+   usage across `entityprefablist.h`/`gameprefablist.h` prefabs.
+
+Do (1) first — it's the highest-leverage, most contained change (touches
+`entityrenderable.h`'s data layout and its render/dispose paths, not the
+general entity/component system), and re-measure via the same startup
+log line before deciding whether (2)/(3) are still worth doing.
+
+## Priority 2 — VFPU is completely unused; all vec/mat math is scalar
+
+The PSP's Allegrex CPU has a **VFPU** (vector floating-point unit) capable
+of fast SIMD-style 4-wide float ops and hardware-accelerated matrix
+operations, exposed by pspsdk's `pspvfpu`/GU "Geometry Utility" (`gum_*`)
+helpers. This engine links `pspvfpu` (`cmake/targets/psp.cmake`) but
+**never calls into it** — confirmed via a zero-hit grep for
+`vfpu|pspmath|gum_|vcst|gu_matrix` across `src/duskpsp/` and `src/duskgl/`.
+
+All vector/matrix math instead goes through cglm (`glm_vec3_*`,
+`glm_mat4_*`), which auto-detects SIMD only for x86 (`CGLM_SSE2`/`AVX`) or
+ARM (`CGLM_NEON`) — neither applies to MIPS, and no `CGLM_*` macros are
+set anywhere in this repo (confirmed zero hits). **Every `glm_mat4_mul`,
+every position/rotation rebuild, every physics vector op runs on the
+plain scalar MIPS FPU with the VFPU sitting idle.**
+
+This is the single largest *available* CPU win identified in this survey
+— larger than any specific hot-path fix below, because it's a multiplier
+on all of them. Concretely: route `entityposition.c`'s matrix
+rebuild/multiply path and `physicsworld.c`'s per-body vector math through
+`pspvfpu`/`gum_*` on the PSP build specifically (behind `#ifdef DUSK_PSP`,
+matching the project's existing platform-guard convention), while keeping
+cglm as the portable fallback for Linux/Knulli/GameCube/Wii. This is a
+genuinely large effort (new platform-specific math backend, careful
+correctness verification since VFPU has its own quirks around
+pipelining/hazards) — scope it as its own project, not a quick pass.
+
+## Priority 3 — UI/spritebatch rebuilds and redraws every vertex, every frame
+
+Already flagged in `STATUS.md`/`ROADMAP.md` (item 4/5) as a known open
+issue; this session's research adds concrete numbers. `meshvertex_t`
+(`display/mesh/meshvertex.h:14-17`) is `{ float uv[2]; float pos[3]; }` =
+**20 bytes/vertex**, no packing. `SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX = 512`,
+`SPRITEBATCH_FLUSH_COUNT = 16` → 32 sprites/flush = 192 vertices = **3,840
+bytes rebuilt and redrawn per flush**, with a flush forced on every
+shader/material change (`spritebatch.c:38-50`) and used unconditionally
+by every widget except `uiconsole.c` (`uitab.c:56`, `uislider.c:183/199/231`,
+final flush in `ui.c:51`). A UI screen with ~50-100 sprites and 2-3
+material changes costs an estimated **8-15KB of vertex rebuild + GU
+submission every single frame**, regardless of whether the UI changed
+since the last frame.
+
+Confirmed on the PSP legacy-GL path specifically: there's no GPU buffer
+re-upload cost (`meshFlushGL` is a literal no-op comment: "we use the
+glClientState stuff" — `meshgl.c:91-93`; `meshDrawGL` just points
+`glVertexPointer` at the CPU-side array each call), so the real cost is
+(a) the CPU-side per-sprite vertex rewrite every frame and (b) GU
+re-transforming the full vertex stream from RAM on every draw with no
+skip for unchanged geometry.
+
+**Fix direction** (already captured in `ROADMAP.md`'s debt backlog item 5):
+extend `uiconsole.c`'s cached-mesh, dirty-flag-gated rebuild pattern to
+the rest of the widget tree. This plan adds one refinement: also consider
+packing `meshvertex_t` down (next item) since it multiplies this cost.
+
+## Priority 4 — All-float vertex format wastes bandwidth and T&L cost
+
+`meshvertex_t` uses two `float` fields (20 bytes) for every mesh and
+sprite vertex, mesh-wide, with no normal or per-vertex color (color is
+already handled at the material level, so that part is already optimal).
+GU natively supports fixed-point 16-bit positions/UVs
+(`GU_VERTEX_16BIT`/`GU_TEXTURE_16BIT`), which would roughly halve
+per-vertex size and the corresponding vertex-fetch/transform cost, at the
+cost of position precision (fine for UI/sprite work and most world
+geometry at this engine's scale; worth checking against the largest
+world coordinates actually used before committing). Pair with Priority 3
+so the packing benefit compounds with the dirty-tracking benefit instead
+of just reducing the cost of a rebuild that still happens every frame.
+
+## Priority 5 — Running gameplay logic in JerryScript has a real per-frame cost on PSP
+
+This is new since last session's work, not a pre-existing issue: `assets/
+scripts/overworldscene.js`'s `update()` is now called every frame via
+`scriptManagerCallGlobal("update")` (wired into `engine.c`'s
+`engineUpdate()`), replacing what used to be a direct `cosf`/`sinf` C
+callback (`entityUpdateAdd`). Per call, `scriptManagerCallGlobal`
+(`scriptmanager.c:91-144`) does: a global-object property lookup (key is
+cached, but the `jerry_object_get` dispatch still runs), full JS
+interpreter call dispatch (frame setup, argument marshaling) for what's a
+two-line function, and an unconditional `jerry_value_is_promise` check
+every call even though `update()` is synchronous. Inside, `Math.cos`/
+`Math.sin` run as JS builtin calls rather than direct libm calls.
+
+Additionally: this project's JerryScript fork is already patched to use
+32-bit float internally (`JERRY_NUMBER_TYPE_FLOAT64=0`,
+`Findjerryscript.cmake`) — a deliberate, already-correct optimization for
+this exact concern — but the *public* engine API (`jerry_value_as_number()`)
+still returns `double`, so every native↔JS boundary crossing (every
+`moduleBaseArgFloat`, every `moduleBaseVec3ToObject`) still pays a
+float→double→float round trip. Also note `JERRY_MATH` is off, so
+`Math.sin`/`cos` fall through to whatever generic libm the platform
+provides rather than JerryScript's own fdlibm implementation — worth
+checking whether turning it on changes anything measurable on PSP.
+
+**This is one `update()` call for one scene-level script today — cheap in
+absolute terms.** It becomes a real problem only if the pattern scales:
+giving many individual entities their own per-frame JS update callback
+would multiply all of the above per entity. **Recommendation: keep
+high-frequency, hot per-entity logic (movement, camera math, physics
+response) in native C update callbacks (`entityUpdateAdd`, the existing
+mechanism), and reserve JS for one-time setup, infrequent/event-driven
+logic, and coarse-grained per-scene orchestration** — which is exactly
+what `require()` and the typed component wrappers built this session are
+suited for, not a per-entity-per-frame hot path. This is a design
+guideline to apply going forward, not a regression to fix in the current
+`overworldscene.js` (one scene-level `update()` call per frame is fine).
+
+## Priority 6 — No pooling/arena allocator; plain malloc/free everywhere
+
+`memoryAllocate`/`memoryFree` (`util/memory.c`) are direct `malloc`/`free`
+passthroughs (`memoryAlign`→`memalign`, `memoryReallocate`/`memoryResize`→
+`realloc`), with the only extra behavior being a global allocation-count
+tracker used solely for test leak detection. No pool, arena, free-list,
+or size-class allocator exists anywhere.
+
+This survey found **no rogue per-frame heap allocations** in the hot
+paths checked (render dispatch in `entityrenderable.c`, all of
+`physics/*.c`) — so this is not an active bug today. But it's a
+structural risk for a no-VM platform over a long play session: any future
+code that does frequent small alloc/free (dynamic lists, string
+building, temp buffers) will fragment the 32-64MB heap with no OS-level
+recovery mechanism. **Recommendation: before adding any new subsystem
+that allocates/frees frequently at runtime (not just at load time),
+default to a fixed-size pool or arena for it**, following the same
+"static, bounded" philosophy already used for `ENTITY_COUNT_MAX`/
+`SCENE_COUNT_MAX`/`ASSET_ENTRY_COUNT_MAX` elsewhere in the engine, rather
+than reaching for `memoryAllocate` per-instance.
+
+## Already correct — don't touch without new evidence
+
+- **`entityposition_t`'s matrix caching** (the pattern the project owner
+  called out as the reason for writing this plan). Verified: a full
+  "dirty" recompute chain (decompose + rebuild local + rebuild world) is
+  ~10 trig calls (`asinf`/`cosf`/`atan2f`) plus at most one 4x4 matrix
+  multiply, and `entityPositionEnsurePRS`/`EnsureLocal`/`EnsureWorld`
+  (`entityposition.c:596-669`) all early-return on a flag check, only
+  doing that work when something actually changed. The cache is correct
+  and clearly worth its ~128-byte-per-entity matrix storage cost.
+- **Physics narrow-phase sqrt avoidance.** All three `sqrtf` call sites
+  in `physicstest.c`/`physicsshapemesh.c` already sit behind a
+  squared-distance early-reject and only compute the real (linear)
+  distance once, when actually needed for penetration depth — no further
+  "use squared distance instead" opportunity was found here.
+- **No allocations in the render/physics hot loop** (Priority 6) — this
+  is good and worth preserving as new code is added to those files.
+- **Asset decompression already runs off the main thread.** Assets are
+  DEFLATE-compressed (not stored) in `dusk.dsk`, so loading pays a real
+  CPU cost for decompression — but every `*LoaderAsync` function
+  (`asset/loader/*/*.c`) runs via `ASSET.loadThread`
+  (`assertNotMainThread` in `asset.c:365`), so this cost is already kept
+  off the main thread. Low priority to change; if load-time CPU cost
+  becomes a measured problem later, revisit stored-vs-compressed as a
+  build-time flag rather than assuming compression is free.
+
+## Suggested approach
+
+1. **Measure before changing.** None of the above have been profiled on
+   real PSP hardware in this pass — this is a source-level survey, not a
+   profile. Before investing in Priority 1 or 2 especially, confirm with
+   an actual PSP build/run (or at minimum the existing "Entity manager
+   size" startup log plus a frame-time counter) that these are the real
+   bottlenecks, not just the largest numbers on paper.
+2. **Priority 1 first** — it's the most contained (one component's data
+   layout), has the clearest before/after metric (the startup log line),
+   and doesn't require new platform-specific code.
+3. **Priority 3 next** (extend the console's dirty-tracking pattern to
+   the rest of the UI) — already scoped in `ROADMAP.md`, no new design
+   needed, just implementation.
+4. **Priority 2 (VFPU) as a dedicated project**, not a quick pass — it's
+   the largest potential win but touches core math plumbing and needs
+   careful correctness verification on real hardware.
+5. Treat Priority 5 as a standing design guideline for all future
+   scripting work, not a one-time fix.

ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Dusk Roadmap
 
-Tracking upcoming milestones for the engine.
+Tracking upcoming milestones for the engine. See `PSP_OPTIMIZATION_PLAN.md`
+for a memory/CPU optimization survey specifically targeting the PSP build
+(milestone 4 below is its Priority 3).
 
 ## Upcoming milestones
 

assets/scripts/init.js

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+// Entry point run once at startup (see game.c). Swap which scene module
+// gets passed to Scene.set() here to change what the game boots into.
+var overworldScene = require('./overworldscene.js');
+Scene.set(overworldScene);

assets/scripts/overworldscene.js

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+//
+// This software is released under the MIT License.
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
 // Radius must stay well outside the floor's footprint (a 20x20 plane has a
 // corner-to-center distance of 10*sqrt(2) =~ 14.1) -- orbiting inside that
 // puts parts of the floor's own geometry near/behind the camera's view
@@ -24,49 +29,57 @@ function updateCameraOrbit() {
   cameraPosition.lookAt(eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
 }
 
-// Called once per engine frame (see engineUpdate() -> scriptManagerCall
+module.exports = {
-// Global("update")).
+  // Called once by Scene.set(), right after it creates and activates the
-function update() {
+  // scene this module owns.
-  if(cameraPosition) updateCameraOrbit();
+  init: function() {
-}
+    // Camera, orbiting the origin (see updateCameraOrbit above).
+    var camera = new Entity();
+    cameraPosition = camera.add(POSITION);
+    camera.add(CAMERA);
+    updateCameraOrbit();
 
-(function setup() {
+    // Static ground plane. Physics ignores the entity's position
-  var scene = new Scene();
+    // component -- the shape's own normal/distance fully define the
-  scene.setActive();
+    // plane in world space.
+    var plane = new Entity();
+    var planePosition = plane.add(POSITION);
+    planePosition.setLocalPosition(-10.0, 0.0, -10.0);
+    planePosition.setLocalScale(20.0, 1.0, 20.0);
 
-  // Camera, orbiting the origin (see updateCameraOrbit above).
+    var planePhysics = plane.add(PHYSICS);
-  var camera = new Entity();
+    planePhysics.setBodyType(PHYSICS_BODY_STATIC);
-  cameraPosition = camera.add(POSITION);
+    planePhysics.setShape(PHYSICS_SHAPE_PLANE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-  camera.add(CAMERA);
-  updateCameraOrbit();
 
-  // Static ground plane. Physics ignores the entity's position component --
+    var planeRenderable = plane.add(RENDERABLE);
-  // the shape's own normal/distance fully define the plane in world space.
+    planeRenderable.setMesh(0, MESH_PLANE);
-  var plane = new Entity();
+    planeRenderable.setColor(128, 128, 128, 255);
-  var planePosition = plane.add(POSITION);
-  planePosition.setLocalPosition(-10.0, 0.0, -10.0);
-  planePosition.setLocalScale(20.0, 1.0, 20.0);
 
-  var planePhysics = plane.add(PHYSICS);
+    // Player: dynamic capsule body, moved relative to the camera by
-  planePhysics.setBodyType(PHYSICS_BODY_STATIC);
+    // PLAYER's own update callback (see entityplayer.c).
-  planePhysics.setShape(PHYSICS_SHAPE_PLANE, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+    var player = new Entity();
+    var playerPosition = player.add(POSITION);
+    playerPosition.setLocalPosition(0.0, 2.0, 0.0);
 
-  var planeRenderable = plane.add(RENDERABLE);
+    var playerPhysics = player.add(PHYSICS);
-  planeRenderable.setMesh(0, MESH_PLANE);
+    playerPhysics.setShape(PHYSICS_SHAPE_CAPSULE, 0.5, 0.5);
-  planeRenderable.setColor(128, 128, 128, 255);
 
-  // Player: dynamic capsule body, moved relative to the camera by
+    var playerRenderable = player.add(RENDERABLE);
-  // PLAYER's own update callback (see entityplayer.c).
+    playerRenderable.setMesh(0, MESH_CAPSULE);
-  var player = new Entity();
+    playerRenderable.setColor(0, 0, 255, 255);
-  var playerPosition = player.add(POSITION);
-  playerPosition.setLocalPosition(0.0, 2.0, 0.0);
 
-  var playerPhysics = player.add(PHYSICS);
+    player.add(PLAYER);
-  playerPhysics.setShape(PHYSICS_SHAPE_CAPSULE, 0.5, 0.5);
+  },
 
-  var playerRenderable = player.add(RENDERABLE);
+  // Called once per engine frame while this module is the active scene
-  playerRenderable.setMesh(0, MESH_CAPSULE);
+  // (see Scene.set(), engineUpdate() -> moduleSceneUpdateCurrent()).
-  playerRenderable.setColor(0, 0, 255, 255);
+  update: function() {
+    if(cameraPosition) updateCameraOrbit();
+  },
 
-  player.add(PLAYER);
+  // Called once by Scene.set() when this module is replaced by another,
-})();
+  // right before the scene it owns is destroyed.
+  dispose: function() {
+    cameraPosition = null;
+  }
+};

docker/dolphin-test/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+FROM ghcr.io/extremscorner/libogc2
+WORKDIR /workdir
+RUN apt update && \
+    dkp-pacman -Syu --noconfirm && \
+    apt install -y python3 python3-pip python3-polib python3-pil python3-dotenv python3-pyqt5 python3-opengl xorriso dolphin-emu xvfb && \
+    dkp-pacman -S --needed --noconfirm gamecube-sdl2 ppc-liblzma ppc-libzip libogc2 gamecube-tools ppc-libmad ppc-zlib-ng ppc-liblzma ppc-bzip2 ppc-zstd
+VOLUME ["/workdir"]

docker/psp-test/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+FROM pspdev/pspdev:latest
+WORKDIR /workdir
+RUN apk add --no-cache \
+  python3 \
+  py3-pip \
+  py3-dotenv \
+  git \
+  cmake \
+  make \
+  g++ \
+  sdl2-dev \
+  zlib-dev \
+  linux-headers
+
+# PPSSPP has no Alpine/Linux distro package -- build the "PPSSPPHeadless"
+# target (the CLI/no-window build PPSSPP's own CI uses for automated runs)
+# from source instead. The target name and exact CMake options have moved
+# around across PPSSPP versions -- if this breaks, check
+# https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp's CMakeLists.txt for the current name.
+RUN git clone --recursive --depth 1 \
+    https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp.git /opt/ppsspp && \
+  cd /opt/ppsspp && \
+  cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release && \
+  cmake --build build --target PPSSPPHeadless -- -j$(nproc) && \
+  cp build/PPSSPPHeadless /usr/local/bin/PPSSPPHeadless && \
+  rm -rf /opt/ppsspp
+
+VOLUME ["/workdir"]

scripts/test-gamecube-dolphin-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+docker build -t dusk-dolphin-test -f docker/dolphin-test/Dockerfile .
+docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/workdir" dusk-dolphin-test /bin/bash -c "./scripts/test-gamecube-dolphin.sh"

scripts/test-gamecube-dolphin.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+if [ -z "$DEVKITPRO" ]; then
+  echo "DEVKITPRO environment variable is not set. Please set it to the path of your DEVKITPRO installation."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+DOLPHIN_BIN="${DOLPHIN_BIN:-dolphin-emu}"
+if ! command -v "$DOLPHIN_BIN" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "$DOLPHIN_BIN not found. Install Dolphin Emulator (e.g. 'apt install dolphin-emu')"
+  echo "or set DOLPHIN_BIN to its path."
+  exit 1
+fi
+if ! command -v xvfb-run >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "xvfb-run not found. Install it (e.g. 'apt install xvfb') -- Dolphin's"
+  echo "Qt frontend needs a display even in batch mode."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+./scripts/build-gamecube-iso.sh
+
+DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS="${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS:-20}"
+ISO="build-gamecube-iso/Dusk-NTSC-U.iso"
+
+echo "Booting $ISO in Dolphin for up to ${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS}s (batch mode, headless via Xvfb)..."
+
+# Dolphin's batch mode (-b -e) runs the disc until told to stop -- there's
+# no "the game exited cleanly" signal to wait for, so we bound it with
+# timeout and treat "still running when the clock ran out" as success.
+set +e
+xvfb-run -a timeout "${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS}" "$DOLPHIN_BIN" -b -e "$ISO"
+status=$?
+set -e
+
+# timeout returns 124 when it had to kill Dolphin after the duration
+# elapsed -- that means the disc booted and kept running, the expected
+# smoke-test-passed outcome, not a failure. Any other non-zero status
+# means Dolphin crashed or refused to boot the disc.
+if [ "$status" -ne 0 ] && [ "$status" -ne 124 ]; then
+  echo "Dolphin exited with unexpected status $status -- treating as a failure."
+  exit "$status"
+fi
+
+echo "GameCube smoke test passed (Dolphin ran $ISO for ${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS}s without crashing)."

scripts/test-psp-ppsspp-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+docker build -t dusk-psp-test -f docker/psp-test/Dockerfile .
+docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/workdir" dusk-psp-test /bin/bash -c "./scripts/test-psp-ppsspp.sh"

scripts/test-psp-ppsspp.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+if [ -z "$PSPDEV" ]; then
+  echo "PSPDEV environment variable is not set. Please set it to the path of your PSP development environment."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+# PPSSPP doesn't ship a standard Linux package -- build its "PPSSPPHeadless"
+# target from source (https://github.com/hrydgard/ppsspp) and either put it
+# on PATH or point PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN at it. See docker/psp-test/Dockerfile
+# for a from-scratch build.
+PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN="${PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN:-PPSSPPHeadless}"
+if ! command -v "$PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "$PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN not found. Build PPSSPP's 'PPSSPPHeadless' target"
+  echo "from source or set PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN to its path."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+./scripts/build-psp.sh
+
+DUSK_TEST_PPSSPP_SECONDS="${DUSK_TEST_PPSSPP_SECONDS:-20}"
+EBOOT="build-psp/EBOOT.PBP"
+
+echo "Booting $EBOOT in PPSSPPHeadless (timeout ${DUSK_TEST_PPSSPP_SECONDS}s)..."
+
+# PPSSPPHeadless is purpose-built for automated/CI runs -- it renders
+# without a window and is expected to exit on its own once --timeout
+# elapses, unlike Dolphin's batch mode which has to be killed externally.
+# Check `"$PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN" --help` if these flags don't match your
+# PPSSPP checkout -- the headless CLI has changed across versions.
+set +e
+"$PPSSPP_HEADLESS_BIN" --timeout="${DUSK_TEST_PPSSPP_SECONDS}" "$EBOOT"
+status=$?
+set -e
+
+if [ "$status" -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "PPSSPPHeadless exited with status $status"
+  exit "$status"
+fi
+
+echo "PSP smoke test passed (PPSSPPHeadless ran EBOOT.PBP for ${DUSK_TEST_PPSSPP_SECONDS}s without crashing)."

scripts/test-wii-dolphin-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+docker build -t dusk-dolphin-test -f docker/dolphin-test/Dockerfile .
+docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/workdir" dusk-dolphin-test /bin/bash -c "./scripts/test-wii-dolphin.sh"

scripts/test-wii-dolphin.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+
+if [ -z "$DEVKITPRO" ]; then
+  echo "DEVKITPRO environment variable is not set. Please set it to the path of your DEVKITPRO installation."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+DOLPHIN_BIN="${DOLPHIN_BIN:-dolphin-emu}"
+if ! command -v "$DOLPHIN_BIN" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "$DOLPHIN_BIN not found. Install Dolphin Emulator (e.g. 'apt install dolphin-emu')"
+  echo "or set DOLPHIN_BIN to its path."
+  exit 1
+fi
+if ! command -v xvfb-run >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "xvfb-run not found. Install it (e.g. 'apt install xvfb') -- Dolphin's"
+  echo "Qt frontend needs a display even in batch mode."
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+./scripts/build-wii-iso.sh
+
+DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS="${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS:-20}"
+ISO="build-wii-iso/Dusk-NTSC-U.iso"
+
+echo "Booting $ISO in Dolphin for up to ${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS}s (batch mode, headless via Xvfb)..."
+
+# Dolphin's batch mode (-b -e) runs the disc until told to stop -- there's
+# no "the game exited cleanly" signal to wait for, so we bound it with
+# timeout and treat "still running when the clock ran out" as success.
+set +e
+xvfb-run -a timeout "${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS}" "$DOLPHIN_BIN" -b -e "$ISO"
+status=$?
+set -e
+
+# timeout returns 124 when it had to kill Dolphin after the duration
+# elapsed -- that means the disc booted and kept running, the expected
+# smoke-test-passed outcome, not a failure. Any other non-zero status
+# means Dolphin crashed or refused to boot the disc.
+if [ "$status" -ne 0 ] && [ "$status" -ne 124 ]; then
+  echo "Dolphin exited with unexpected status $status -- treating as a failure."
+  exit "$status"
+fi
+
+echo "Wii smoke test passed (Dolphin ran $ISO for ${DUSK_TEST_DOLPHIN_SECONDS}s without crashing)."

src/dusk/display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.c

@@ -39,3 +39,16 @@ spritebatchsprite_t spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition(
   sprite.uvMax[1] = uv[3];
   return sprite;
 }
+
+spritebatchsprite_t spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+  const spritebatchsprite_t *sprite,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+) {
+  spritebatchsprite_t out = *sprite;
+  out.min[0] += x;
+  out.min[1] += y;
+  out.max[0] += x;
+  out.max[1] += y;
+  return out;
+}

src/dusk/display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h

@@ -38,3 +38,19 @@ spritebatchsprite_t spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition(
   const float_t width,
   const float_t height
 );
+
+/**
+ * Returns a copy of sprite translated by (x, y). Used to reposition a
+ * sprite cached relative to origin (0,0) at draw time, instead of
+ * re-deriving its geometry from scratch every frame.
+ *
+ * @param sprite The cached sprite, relative to origin (0,0).
+ * @param x X offset to translate by.
+ * @param y Y offset to translate by.
+ * @returns The translated sprite.
+ */
+spritebatchsprite_t spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+  const spritebatchsprite_t *sprite,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y
+);

src/dusk/engine/engine.c

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "scene/scene.h"
 #include "asset/asset.h"
 #include "script/scriptmanager.h"
+#include "script/module/scene/modulescene.h"
 #include "ui/ui.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "network/network.h"
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ errorret_t engineUpdate(void) {
     consoleUpdate();
 
     errorChain(gameUpdate());
-    errorChain(scriptManagerCallGlobal("update"));
+    errorChain(moduleSceneUpdateCurrent());
     errorChain(sceneUpdate());
     errorChain(assetUpdate());
     errorChain(uiUpdate());

src/dusk/script/module/scene/modulescene.c

@@ -7,11 +7,17 @@
 
 #include "modulescene.h"
 #include "script/module/modulebase.h"
+#include "script/scriptmanager.h"
 #include "scene/scene.h"
 #include "util/string.h"
 
 scriptproto_t MODULE_SCENE_PROTO;
 
+// The module last installed via Scene.set(), and the scene it owns.
+// SCENE_ID_INVALID means no module is currently installed.
+static jerry_value_t MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT;
+static sceneid_t MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID;
+
 moduleBaseFunction(moduleSceneConstructor) {
   modulescenehandle_t *inst = (modulescenehandle_t *)memoryAllocate(
     sizeof(modulescenehandle_t)
@@ -49,6 +55,31 @@ moduleBaseFunction(moduleSceneGetActiveStatic) {
   return scriptProtoCreateValue(&MODULE_SCENE_PROTO, &h);
 }
 
+moduleBaseFunction(moduleSceneSetStatic) {
+  moduleBaseRequireArgs(1); moduleBaseRequireObject(0);
+
+  moduleSceneTeardownCurrent();
+
+  sceneid_t newId = sceneCreate();
+  sceneSetActive(newId);
+  MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT = jerry_value_copy(args[0]);
+  MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID = newId;
+
+  jerry_value_t initFn = moduleBaseGetProp(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT, "init");
+  if(jerry_value_is_function(initFn)) {
+    errorret_t ret = scriptManagerCallValue(
+      MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT, initFn, "Scene module", "init"
+    );
+    if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+      jerry_value_free(initFn);
+      return moduleBaseThrowError(ret);
+    }
+  }
+  jerry_value_free(initFn);
+
+  return jerry_undefined();
+}
+
 moduleBaseFunction(moduleSceneToString) {
   modulescenehandle_t *inst = moduleSceneGet(callInfo);
   if(!inst) return jerry_string_sz("Scene(?)");
@@ -79,9 +110,15 @@ void moduleSceneInit(void) {
   scriptProtoDefineStaticFunc(
     &MODULE_SCENE_PROTO, "getActive", moduleSceneGetActiveStatic
   );
+  scriptProtoDefineStaticFunc(
+    &MODULE_SCENE_PROTO, "set", moduleSceneSetStatic
+  );
+
+  MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID = SCENE_ID_INVALID;
 }
 
 void moduleSceneDispose(void) {
+  moduleSceneTeardownCurrent();
 }
 
 modulescenehandle_t *moduleSceneGet(const jerry_call_info_t *callInfo) {
@@ -89,3 +126,37 @@ modulescenehandle_t *moduleSceneGet(const jerry_call_info_t *callInfo) {
     &MODULE_SCENE_PROTO, callInfo->this_value
   );
 }
+
+void moduleSceneTeardownCurrent(void) {
+  if(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID == SCENE_ID_INVALID) return;
+
+  jerry_value_t disposeFn = moduleBaseGetProp(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT, "dispose");
+  if(jerry_value_is_function(disposeFn)) {
+    errorret_t ret = scriptManagerCallValue(
+      MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT, disposeFn, "Scene module", "dispose"
+    );
+    errorCatch(errorPrint(ret));
+  }
+  jerry_value_free(disposeFn);
+
+  sceneDestroy(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID);
+  jerry_value_free(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT);
+  MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID = SCENE_ID_INVALID;
+}
+
+errorret_t moduleSceneUpdateCurrent(void) {
+  if(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT_ID == SCENE_ID_INVALID) errorOk();
+
+  jerry_value_t updateFn = moduleBaseGetProp(MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT, "update");
+  if(!jerry_value_is_function(updateFn)) {
+    jerry_value_free(updateFn);
+    errorOk();
+  }
+
+  errorret_t ret = scriptManagerCallValue(
+    MODULE_SCENE_CURRENT, updateFn, "Scene module", "update"
+  );
+  jerry_value_free(updateFn);
+  errorChain(ret);
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/script/module/scene/modulescene.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
 #include "script/scriptproto.h"
 #include "scene/scenebase.h"
 #include <jerryscript.h>
@@ -27,7 +28,8 @@ extern scriptproto_t MODULE_SCENE_PROTO;
 void moduleSceneInit(void);
 
 /**
- * Disposes the Scene class's script resources.
+ * Disposes the Scene class's script resources, including calling
+ * dispose() on and freeing whatever module Scene.set() last installed.
  */
 void moduleSceneDispose(void);
 
@@ -39,3 +41,21 @@ void moduleSceneDispose(void);
  * @return The wrapped handle, or NULL if this_value isn't a Scene.
  */
 modulescenehandle_t *moduleSceneGet(const jerry_call_info_t *callInfo);
+
+/**
+ * Internal. Tears down whatever module Scene.set() currently has
+ * installed, if any: calls its dispose() (errors are logged, not
+ * propagated), destroys the scene it owns, and frees the held
+ * reference. No-op if nothing is installed.
+ */
+void moduleSceneTeardownCurrent(void);
+
+/**
+ * Calls update() on whichever module Scene.set() last installed, if
+ * any, and if it defines one. No-op if Scene.set() has never been
+ * called. Called once per frame by engineUpdate().
+ *
+ * @return The error return value. An error is thrown if update() itself
+ * throws, or if it returns a rejected promise.
+ */
+errorret_t moduleSceneUpdateCurrent(void);

src/dusk/script/scriptmanager.c

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include "util/string.h"
 #include "scriptproto.h"
 #include "script/module/modulelist.h"
+#include "script/module/require/modulerequire.h"
 
 scriptmanager_t SCRIPT_MANAGER;
 
@@ -82,8 +83,13 @@ errorret_t scriptManagerExecFile(
   src[size] = '\0';
   memoryFree(buffer);
 
+  char_t dir[ASSET_FILE_NAME_MAX];
+  moduleRequireDirname(fname, dir, sizeof(dir));
+  moduleRequireDirPush(dir);
+
   errorret_t ret = scriptManagerExec(src, resultOut);
   memoryFree(src);
+  moduleRequireDirPop();
   errorChain(ret);
   errorOk();
 }
@@ -101,13 +107,24 @@ errorret_t scriptManagerCallGlobal(const char_t *name) {
     errorOk();
   }
 
-  jerry_value_t result = jerry_call(fn, jerry_undefined(), NULL, 0);
+  errorret_t ret = scriptManagerCallValue(
+    jerry_undefined(), fn, "Global function", name
+  );
   jerry_value_free(fn);
+  errorChain(ret);
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t scriptManagerCallValue(
+  const jerry_value_t thisArg,
+  const jerry_value_t fn,
+  const char_t *context,
+  const char_t *name
+) {
+  jerry_value_t result = jerry_call(fn, thisArg, NULL, 0);
 
   if(jerry_value_is_exception(result)) {
-    errorret_t err = scriptManagerFormatException(
+    errorret_t err = scriptManagerFormatException(context, name, result);
-      "Global function", name, result
-    );
     jerry_value_free(result);
     errorChain(err);
   }
@@ -131,7 +148,7 @@ errorret_t scriptManagerCallGlobal(const char_t *name) {
     if(jerry_promise_state(result) == JERRY_PROMISE_STATE_REJECTED) {
       jerry_value_t rejectVal = jerry_promise_result(result);
       errorret_t err = scriptManagerFormatValueError(
-        "Global async function", name, rejectVal
+        context, name, rejectVal
       );
       jerry_value_free(rejectVal);
       jerry_value_free(result);
@@ -144,6 +161,7 @@ errorret_t scriptManagerCallGlobal(const char_t *name) {
 }
 
 errorret_t scriptManagerDispose(void) {
+  moduleListDispose();
   scriptProtoDisposeAll();
 
   for(uint8_t i = 0; i < SCRIPT_MANAGER.globalKeyCacheCount; i++) {

src/dusk/script/scriptmanager.h

@@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ errorret_t scriptManagerInit(void);
 errorret_t scriptManagerExec(const char_t *script, jerry_value_t *result);
 
 /**
- * Execute a JS file in the active script context.
+ * Execute a JS file in the active script context. While the file runs,
+ * fname's own directory is pushed as the require() base directory, so a
+ * top-level entry script (e.g. "scripts/init.js") can use relative
+ * require('./foo.js') calls the same way a required file can.
  *
  * @param fname The filename of the script to execute.
  * @param result Optional out-parameter for the script's return value.
@@ -81,6 +84,27 @@ errorret_t scriptManagerExecFile(
  */
 errorret_t scriptManagerCallGlobal(const char_t *name);
 
+/**
+ * Calls an already-resolved JS function value with the given `this`,
+ * handling a thrown exception and draining a returned promise to
+ * completion (same async-await semantics as scriptManagerCallGlobal).
+ * Caller is responsible for checking jerry_value_is_function(fn) first
+ * and for freeing both thisArg and fn afterward.
+ *
+ * @param thisArg The value bound to `this` inside the call.
+ * @param fn The function value to call.
+ * @param context Short label for error messages, e.g. "Scene module".
+ * @param name The name of the function being called, for error messages.
+ * @return The error return value. An error is thrown if the JS function
+ * itself throws, or if its returned promise rejects.
+ */
+errorret_t scriptManagerCallValue(
+  const jerry_value_t thisArg,
+  const jerry_value_t fn,
+  const char_t *context,
+  const char_t *name
+);
+
 /**
  * Dispose of the script manager.
  *

src/dusk/ui/debug/uiconsole.c

@@ -6,20 +6,19 @@
  */
 
 #include "uiconsole.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "console/console.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
 #include "display/mesh/mesh.h"
-#include "display/mesh/quad.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
 
 typedef struct {
   mesh_t mesh;
   bool_t built;
-  meshvertex_t *vertices;
+  meshvertex_t vertices[UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX];
-  int32_t capacity;
   int32_t vertexCount;
   int32_t cachedScanX;
   int32_t cachedScanY;
@@ -62,22 +61,12 @@ errorret_t uiConsoleRebuild(void) {
     }
   }
 
+  assertTrue(
+    spriteCount <= UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_GLYPH_MAX,
+    "Console history exceeds fixed cache capacity"
+  );
+
   const int32_t vertexCount = spriteCount * QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT;
-  if(vertexCount > UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.capacity) {
-    if(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.built) {
-      errorChain(meshDispose(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh));
-      UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.built = false;
-    }
-
-    if(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices != NULL) {
-      memoryFree(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices);
-    }
-
-    UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices = (meshvertex_t *)memoryAllocate(
-      sizeof(meshvertex_t) * vertexCount
-    );
-    UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.capacity = vertexCount;
-  }
   UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertexCount = vertexCount;
 
   if(vertexCount > 0) {
@@ -124,7 +113,7 @@ errorret_t uiConsoleRebuild(void) {
       errorChain(meshInit(
         &UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh,
         QUAD_PRIMITIVE_TYPE,
-        UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.capacity,
+        UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX,
         UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices
       ));
       UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.built = true;
@@ -144,10 +133,6 @@ errorret_t uiConsoleDispose(void) {
     errorChain(meshDispose(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.mesh));
   }
 
-  if(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices != NULL) {
-    memoryFree(UI_CONSOLE_CACHE.vertices);
-  }
-
   memoryZero(&UI_CONSOLE_CACHE, sizeof(uiconsolecache_t));
   errorOk();
 }

src/dusk/ui/debug/uiconsole.h

@@ -7,6 +7,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "display/mesh/quad.h"
+
+// Fixed capacity for the console's cached glyph mesh, in glyphs -- the
+// mesh/vertex buffer is sized to this once and never grown/shrunk, so
+// history producing more non-space characters than this asserts (see
+// uiConsoleRebuild) instead of reallocating.
+#define UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_GLYPH_MAX 512
+#define UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX (\
+  UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_GLYPH_MAX * QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT \
+)
 
 /**
  * Renders the console history into the scan-safe area, drawing a mesh
@@ -22,6 +32,9 @@ errorret_t uiConsoleDraw(void);
  * Rebuilds the cached mesh for the console's current history and
  * scan-safe origin. Called automatically by uiConsoleDraw() whenever
  * needed; only needs calling directly to force an immediate rebuild.
+ * The underlying vertex buffer is a fixed-size array (see
+ * UI_CONSOLE_CACHE_VERTEX_MAX) -- asserts if the history produces more
+ * glyphs than that capacity, rather than growing it.
  *
  * @return Any error that occurs.
  */

src/dusk/ui/debug/uifps.c

@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ errorret_t uiFPSDraw() {
   }
 
   uiLabelSetColor(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, textColor);
-  uiLabelSetText(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, fpsText);
+  if(stringCompare(fpsText, UIFPS.fpsLabel.text) != 0) {
+    uiLabelSetText(&UIFPS.fpsLabel, fpsText);
+  }
   errorChain(uiLabelDraw(
     &UIFPS.fpsLabel, (float_t)SCREEN.scanX, (float_t)SCREEN.scanY
   ));

src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.c

@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ errorret_t uiSettingsDraw(void) {
   const float_t y = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY +
     ((float_t)SCREEN.scanHeight - height) * 0.5f;
 
-  errorChain(uiFrameDraw(x, y, width, height));
+  errorChain(uiFrameDrawCached(&UI_SETTINGS.frameCache, x, y, width, height));
 
   const float_t contentX = x + UI_FRAME_START_X;
   const float_t contentY = y + UI_FRAME_START_Y;

src/dusk/ui/frame/settings/uisettings.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uimenu.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
 #include "uisettingsdata.h"
 
 #define UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT 4
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ typedef struct {
   char_t tabLabels[UI_SETTINGS_TAB_COUNT][UI_SETTINGS_TAB_LABEL_MAX];
   char_t applyLabel[UI_SETTINGS_APPLY_LABEL_MAX];
   uisettingsdata_t data;
+  uiframecache_t frameCache;
 } uisettings_t;
 
 extern uisettings_t UI_SETTINGS;

src/dusk/ui/frame/uiconfirm.c

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ errorret_t uiConfirmDraw(void) {
   float_t x = (float_t)SCREEN.scanX + ((float_t)SCREEN.scanWidth - width) * 0.5f;
   float_t y = (float_t)SCREEN.scanY + ((float_t)SCREEN.scanHeight - height) * 0.5f;
 
-  errorChain(uiFrameDraw(x, y, width, height));
+  errorChain(uiFrameDrawCached(&UI_CONFIRM.frameCache, x, y, width, height));
 
   float_t contentX = x + UI_FRAME_START_X;
   float_t contentY = y + UI_FRAME_START_Y;

src/dusk/ui/frame/uiconfirm.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uimenu.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uilabel.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
 
 #define UI_CONFIRM_MIN_WIDTH 160.0f
 #define UI_CONFIRM_INDEX_CONFIRM 0
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ typedef struct {
   uiconfirmcallback_t callback;
   void *user;
   bool_t result;
+  uiframecache_t frameCache;
 } uiconfirm_t;
 
 extern uiconfirm_t UI_CONFIRM;

src/dusk/ui/frame/uiframe.c

@@ -72,6 +72,17 @@ errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
     }
   };
   spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
+  uiFrameBuildSprites(sprites, x, y, width, height);
+  return spriteBatchBuffer(sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
+}
+
+void uiFrameBuildSprites(
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9],
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+) {
   float_t tileW = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH;
   float_t tileH = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT;
 
@@ -112,8 +123,37 @@ errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
     &UI_FRAME.tileset, 2, 2,
     x + width - tileW, y + height - tileH, tileW, tileH
   );
+}
 
-  return spriteBatchBuffer(sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
+errorret_t uiFrameDrawCached(
+  uiframecache_t *cache,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+) {
+  assertNotNull(cache, "Frame cache cannot be NULL");
+
+  if(
+    !cache->built ||
+    cache->lastX != x || cache->lastY != y ||
+    cache->lastWidth != width || cache->lastHeight != height
+  ) {
+    uiFrameBuildSprites(cache->sprites, x, y, width, height);
+    cache->lastX = x;
+    cache->lastY = y;
+    cache->lastWidth = width;
+    cache->lastHeight = height;
+    cache->built = true;
+  }
+
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = COLOR_WHITE,
+      .texture = &UI_FRAME.texture
+    }
+  };
+  return spriteBatchBuffer(cache->sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
 }
 
 errorret_t uiFrameDispose(void) {

src/dusk/ui/frame/uiframe.h

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "display/texture/texture.h"
 #include "display/texture/tileset.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
 
 #define UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH 6
 #define UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT 6
@@ -56,6 +57,63 @@ errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
   const float_t height
 );
 
+/**
+ * Builds the 9 sprites for a 9-slice frame at the given rect. Used
+ * internally by uiFrameDraw and uiFrameDrawCached -- call directly only
+ * if you need the raw sprites instead of buffering them.
+ *
+ * @param sprites Destination array of exactly 9 sprites.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @param width Total width of the frame.
+ * @param height Total height of the frame.
+ */
+void uiFrameBuildSprites(
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9],
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+);
+
+/**
+ * A frame's cached 9-slice sprites, plus the rect they were built for.
+ * Owned by whichever widget/screen draws a frame repeatedly (dialogs,
+ * textboxes, settings panels) so uiFrameDrawCached can skip rebuilding
+ * the sprites when the rect hasn't moved since the last draw.
+ */
+typedef struct {
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
+  bool_t built;
+  float_t lastX;
+  float_t lastY;
+  float_t lastWidth;
+  float_t lastHeight;
+} uiframecache_t;
+
+/**
+ * Draws a 9-slice frame using a caller-owned cache, only rebuilding the
+ * sprites (via uiFrameBuildSprites) when x/y/width/height differ from
+ * the last call -- unlike uiFrameDraw, which rebuilds unconditionally
+ * every time. Prefer this for frames redrawn every frame at a fixed or
+ * rarely-changing rect (dialogs, panels); use plain uiFrameDraw for
+ * genuinely one-off or per-frame-varying rects.
+ *
+ * @param cache Caller-owned cache, zero-initialized before first use.
+ * @param x Screen x position.
+ * @param y Screen y position.
+ * @param width Total width of the frame.
+ * @param height Total height of the frame.
+ * @return Any error that occurs.
+ */
+errorret_t uiFrameDrawCached(
+  uiframecache_t *cache,
+  const float_t x,
+  const float_t y,
+  const float_t width,
+  const float_t height
+);
+
 /**
  * Disposes of the global UI_FRAME, releasing its GPU texture.
  *

src/dusk/ui/widget/uislider.c

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ void uiSliderInitFloat(
   slider->step.f = step;
   slider->value.f = mathClamp(value, min, max);
   uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
 }
 
 void uiSliderInitInt(
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ void uiSliderInitInt(
   slider->step.i = step;
   slider->value.i = mathClamp(value, min, max);
   uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
 }
 
 float_t uiSliderGetFloat(const uislider_t *slider) {
@@ -87,6 +89,7 @@ void uiSliderSetFloat(uislider_t *slider, const float_t value) {
   );
   slider->value.f = mathClamp(value, slider->min.f, slider->max.f);
   uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
 }
 
 void uiSliderSetInt(uislider_t *slider, const int32_t value) {
@@ -96,6 +99,7 @@ void uiSliderSetInt(uislider_t *slider, const int32_t value) {
   );
   slider->value.i = mathClamp(value, slider->min.i, slider->max.i);
   uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(slider);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(slider);
 }
 
 void uiSliderStepUp(uislider_t *slider) {
@@ -158,67 +162,36 @@ errorret_t uiSliderDraw(
 ) {
   assertNotNull(slider, "Slider cannot be NULL");
 
-  color_t color = slider->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE;
-
   errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(&slider->label, x, y));
 
-  int32_t labelW, labelH;
-  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&slider->label, &labelW, &labelH);
-
-  float_t trackX = x + (float_t)labelW + UI_SLIDER_GAP;
-  float_t trackY = y + ((float_t)labelH - UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT) * 0.5f;
-
-  spritebatchsprite_t trackSprite = {
-    .min = { trackX, trackY, 0.0f },
-    .max = { trackX + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH, trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT, 0.0f },
-    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
-    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
-  };
   shadermaterial_t trackMaterial = {
     .unlit = {
       .color = COLOR_DARK_GRAY,
       .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
     }
   };
-  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&trackSprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, trackMaterial));
+  spritebatchsprite_t track = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+    &slider->cachedTrack, x, y
+  );
+  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&track, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, trackMaterial));
 
-  float_t fillWidth = UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * uiSliderGetRatio(slider);
+  if(slider->cachedFillVisible) {
-  if(fillWidth > 0.0f) {
-    spritebatchsprite_t fillSprite = {
-      .min = { trackX, trackY, 0.0f },
-      .max = { trackX + fillWidth, trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT, 0.0f },
-      .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
-      .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
-    };
     shadermaterial_t fillMaterial = {
       .unlit = {
-        .color = color,
+        .color = slider->highlighted ? COLOR_RED : COLOR_WHITE,
         .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
       }
     };
-    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&fillSprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, fillMaterial));
+    spritebatchsprite_t fill = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+      &slider->cachedFill, x, y
+    );
+    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&fill, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, fillMaterial));
   }
 
-  int32_t stepCount = uiSliderGetStepCount(slider);
+  if(slider->cachedMarkerCount > 0) {
-  if(stepCount > 0 && stepCount < UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX) {
     spritebatchsprite_t markers[UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX];
-    for(int32_t i = 0; i <= stepCount; i++) {
+    for(int32_t i = 0; i < slider->cachedMarkerCount; i++) {
-      float_t markerX = trackX +
+      markers[i] = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(&slider->cachedMarkers[i], x, y);
-        UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * (float_t)i / (float_t)stepCount;
-      markers[i] = (spritebatchsprite_t){
-        .min = {
-          markerX - UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
-          trackY - UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG,
-          0.0f
-        },
-        .max = {
-          markerX + UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
-          trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT + UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG,
-          0.0f
-        },
-        .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
-        .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
-      };
     }
 
     shadermaterial_t markerMaterial = {
@@ -227,13 +200,15 @@ errorret_t uiSliderDraw(
         .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
       }
     };
-    errorChain(
+    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(
-      spriteBatchBuffer(markers, stepCount + 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, markerMaterial)
+      markers, slider->cachedMarkerCount, &SHADER_UNLIT, markerMaterial
-    );
+    ));
   }
 
   errorChain(uiWidgetLabelDraw(
-    &slider->valueLabel, trackX + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH + UI_SLIDER_GAP, y
+    &slider->valueLabel,
+    x + slider->cachedTrack.max[0] + UI_SLIDER_GAP,
+    y
   ));
 
   errorOk();
@@ -252,3 +227,56 @@ void uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(uislider_t *slider) {
   }
   uiWidgetLabelSetText(&slider->valueLabel, valueText);
 }
+
+void uiSliderRebuildGeometry(uislider_t *slider) {
+  int32_t labelW, labelH;
+  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&slider->label, &labelW, &labelH);
+
+  float_t trackX = (float_t)labelW + UI_SLIDER_GAP;
+  float_t trackY = ((float_t)labelH - UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT) * 0.5f;
+
+  slider->cachedTrack = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+    .min = { trackX, trackY, 0.0f },
+    .max = {
+      trackX + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH, trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT, 0.0f
+    },
+    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+
+  float_t fillWidth = UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * uiSliderGetRatio(slider);
+  slider->cachedFillVisible = fillWidth > 0.0f;
+  if(slider->cachedFillVisible) {
+    slider->cachedFill = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+      .min = { trackX, trackY, 0.0f },
+      .max = { trackX + fillWidth, trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT, 0.0f },
+      .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+      .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+    };
+  }
+
+  int32_t stepCount = uiSliderGetStepCount(slider);
+  if(stepCount > 0 && stepCount < UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX) {
+    for(int32_t i = 0; i <= stepCount; i++) {
+      float_t markerX = trackX +
+        UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * (float_t)i / (float_t)stepCount;
+      slider->cachedMarkers[i] = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+        .min = {
+          markerX - UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+          trackY - UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG,
+          0.0f
+        },
+        .max = {
+          markerX + UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+          trackY + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT + UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_OVERHANG,
+          0.0f
+        },
+        .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+        .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+      };
+    }
+    slider->cachedMarkerCount = stepCount + 1;
+  } else {
+    slider->cachedMarkerCount = 0;
+  }
+}

src/dusk/ui/widget/uislider.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
 
 #define UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH 80.0f
 #define UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT 4.0f
@@ -42,6 +43,16 @@ typedef struct {
   uislidervalue_t max;
   uislidervalue_t step;
   bool_t highlighted;
+
+  // Track/fill/marker geometry, cached relative to origin (0,0) and only
+  // rebuilt when the value or step configuration changes (see
+  // uiSliderRebuildGeometry) -- uiSliderDraw just translates these into
+  // position instead of re-deriving them every frame.
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedTrack;
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedFill;
+  bool_t cachedFillVisible;
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedMarkers[UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKERS_MAX];
+  int32_t cachedMarkerCount;
 } uislider_t;
 
 /**
@@ -192,3 +203,13 @@ errorret_t uiSliderDraw(
  * @param slider The slider to update.
  */
 void uiSliderRebuildValueLabel(uislider_t *slider);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the slider's cached track/fill/marker geometry (relative to
+ * origin (0,0)) from its current label size, value, and step
+ * configuration. Called internally on init and whenever the value
+ * changes -- uiSliderDraw never recomputes this itself.
+ *
+ * @param slider The slider to update.
+ */
+void uiSliderRebuildGeometry(uislider_t *slider);

src/dusk/ui/widget/uitab.c

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ void uiTabInit(uitab_t *tab, const char_t *label) {
   uiWidgetLabelInit(&tab->label, &FONT_DEFAULT);
   uiWidgetLabelSetText(&tab->label, label);
   tab->active = false;
+  uiTabRebuildBackground(tab);
 }
 
 bool_t uiTabIsActive(const uitab_t *tab) {
@@ -38,15 +39,9 @@ errorret_t uiTabDraw(
 ) {
   assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
 
-  int32_t labelW, labelH;
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
-  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&tab->label, &labelW, &labelH);
+    &tab->cachedBackground, x, y
-
+  );
-  spritebatchsprite_t sprite = {
-    .min = { x, y, 0.0f },
-    .max = { x + (float_t)labelW, y + (float_t)labelH, 0.0f },
-    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
-    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
-  };
   shadermaterial_t material = {
     .unlit = {
       .color = tab->active ? COLOR_GREEN : COLOR_RED,
@@ -59,3 +54,16 @@ errorret_t uiTabDraw(
 
   errorOk();
 }
+
+void uiTabRebuildBackground(uitab_t *tab) {
+  assertNotNull(tab, "Tab cannot be NULL");
+
+  int32_t labelW, labelH;
+  uiWidgetLabelGetSize(&tab->label, &labelW, &labelH);
+  tab->cachedBackground = (spritebatchsprite_t){
+    .min = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .max = { (float_t)labelW, (float_t)labelH, 0.0f },
+    .uvMin = { 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMax = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+}

src/dusk/ui/widget/uitab.h

@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "ui/widget/uiwidgetlabel.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
 
 typedef struct {
   uiwidgetlabel_t label;
   bool_t active;
+
+  // Background quad, cached relative to origin (0,0) from the label's
+  // size at init -- uiTabDraw only translates this into position, since
+  // active/inactive only changes the material color, not the geometry.
+  spritebatchsprite_t cachedBackground;
 } uitab_t;
 
 /**
@@ -52,3 +58,13 @@ errorret_t uiTabDraw(
   const float_t x,
   const float_t y
 );
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the tab's cached background quad (relative to origin (0,0))
+ * from its current label size. Called internally by uiTabInit -- the
+ * background's geometry never changes afterwards, since the tab has no
+ * API to change its label text.
+ *
+ * @param tab The tab to update.
+ */
+void uiTabRebuildBackground(uitab_t *tab);

src/duskrpg/game/game.c

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include "script/scriptmanager.h"
 
 errorret_t gameInit(void) {
-  errorChain(scriptManagerExecFile("scripts/overworldscene.js", NULL));
+  errorChain(scriptManagerExecFile("scripts/init.js", NULL));
   errorOk();
 }
 

src/duskrpg/ui/textbox/uitextbox.c

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ void uiTextboxInit(
   box->maxLength = maxLength;
   box->lines = lines;
   box->linesMax = linesMax;
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = -1;
 }
 
 void uiTextboxSetText(uitextbox_t *box, const char_t *text) {
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ void uiTextboxSetText(uitextbox_t *box, const char_t *text) {
   box->scroll = 0;
   box->layoutWidth = 0.0f;
   box->layoutHeight = 0.0f;
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = -1;
 }
 
 void uiTextboxBuildLayout(
@@ -52,6 +54,7 @@ void uiTextboxBuildLayout(
 ) {
   assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");
 
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = -1;
   box->layoutWidth = width;
   box->layoutHeight = height;
   box->lineCount = 0;
@@ -169,12 +172,30 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(
     uiTextboxBuildLayout(box, contentW, contentH);
   }
 
-  errorChain(uiFrameDraw(x, y, width, height));
+  errorChain(uiFrameDrawCached(&box->frameCache, x, y, width, height));
 
   if(box->lineCount == 0 || box->text[0] == '\0') errorOk();
 
-  float_t fontW = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileWidth;
+  if(box->glyphsBuiltForPage != box->currentPage) {
-  float_t fontH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
+    uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs(box);
+  }
+
+  if(box->glyphCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  int32_t visibleCount = 0;
+  while(
+    visibleCount < box->glyphCount &&
+    box->glyphs[visibleCount].revealAt <= box->scroll
+  ) visibleCount++;
+
+  if(visibleCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t scratch[UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX];
+  for(int32_t i = 0; i < visibleCount; i++) {
+    scratch[i] = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+      &box->glyphs[i].sprite, contentX, contentY
+    );
+  }
 
   shadermaterial_t material = {
     .unlit = {
@@ -182,34 +203,47 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(
       .texture = FONT_DEFAULT.texture
     }
   };
+  errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(scratch, visibleCount, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs(uitextbox_t *box) {
+  assertNotNull(box, "Textbox cannot be NULL");
+
+  box->glyphCount = 0;
 
   int32_t pageFirst = box->currentPage * box->linesPerPage;
   int32_t pageLast = pageFirst + box->linesPerPage;
   if(pageLast > box->lineCount) pageLast = box->lineCount;
 
-  int32_t charsLeft = box->scroll;
+  float_t fontW = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileWidth;
+  float_t fontH = (float_t)FONT_DEFAULT.tileset->tileHeight;
 
-  for(int32_t li = pageFirst; li < pageLast && charsLeft > 0; li++) {
+  int32_t consumed = 0;
+  for(int32_t li = pageFirst; li < pageLast; li++) {
     uitextboxline_t *line = &box->lines[li];
-    int32_t visible = line->count < charsLeft ? line->count : charsLeft;
+    float_t lineY =
-    float_t lineY = contentY +
       (float_t)(li - pageFirst) * (fontH + UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING);
 
-    for(int32_t ci = 0; ci < visible; ci++) {
+    for(int32_t ci = 0; ci < line->count; ci++) {
+      consumed++;
       char_t c = box->text[line->start + ci];
       if(c == ' ') continue;
-      spritebatchsprite_t sprite = textGetSprite(
-        (vec2){ contentX + (float_t)ci * fontW, lineY },
-        c,
-        &FONT_DEFAULT
-      );
-      errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
-    }
 
-    charsLeft -= visible;
+      assertTrue(
+        box->glyphCount < UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX,
+        "Textbox page produces too many glyphs"
+      );
+      uitextboxglyph_t *glyph = &box->glyphs[box->glyphCount++];
+      glyph->sprite = textGetSprite(
+        (vec2){ (float_t)ci * fontW, lineY }, c, &FONT_DEFAULT
+      );
+      glyph->revealAt = consumed;
+    }
   }
 
-  errorOk();
+  box->glyphsBuiltForPage = box->currentPage;
 }
 
 int32_t uiTextboxGetPageCharCount(const uitextbox_t *box) {

src/duskrpg/ui/textbox/uitextbox.h

@@ -7,16 +7,34 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
 
 #define UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_PER_PAGE_MAX 4
 #define UI_TEXTBOX_SCROLL_CHARS_PER_TICK 1
 #define UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING 0.0f
 
+// Fixed capacity for a page's cached glyph sprites (see uitextboxglyph_t).
+// Sized generously above UI_TEXTBOX_LINES_PER_PAGE_MAX worth of glyphs at
+// typical textbox widths; uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs asserts if a page
+// somehow produces more than this.
+#define UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX 512
+
 typedef struct {
   int32_t start;
   int32_t count;
 } uitextboxline_t;
 
+// A single visible glyph's cached sprite (relative to the textbox's
+// content origin, i.e. (0,0)) plus the scroll value at/after which it
+// becomes visible -- lets uiTextboxDraw turn the typewriter scroll into
+// a simple prefix-count instead of recomputing glyph geometry every
+// frame.
+typedef struct {
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
+  int32_t revealAt;
+} uitextboxglyph_t;
+
 typedef struct {
   char_t *text;
   uint32_t maxLength;
@@ -34,6 +52,15 @@ typedef struct {
 
   int32_t currentPage;
   int32_t scroll;
+
+  // Cached glyph sprites for the current page (see uitextboxglyph_t),
+  // rebuilt only when currentPage no longer matches
+  // glyphsBuiltForPage -- not every frame/scroll tick.
+  uitextboxglyph_t glyphs[UI_TEXTBOX_PAGE_GLYPHS_MAX];
+  int32_t glyphCount;
+  int32_t glyphsBuiltForPage;
+
+  uiframecache_t frameCache;
 } uitextbox_t;
 
 /**
@@ -136,3 +163,13 @@ bool_t uiTextboxHasNextPage(const uitextbox_t *box);
  * @param box The textbox to advance.
  */
 void uiTextboxNextPage(uitextbox_t *box);
+
+/**
+ * Rebuilds the cached glyph sprites (see uitextboxglyph_t) for the
+ * current page from its line layout. Called automatically by
+ * uiTextboxDraw whenever currentPage no longer matches the page the
+ * cache was last built for.
+ *
+ * @param box The textbox to rebuild.
+ */
+void uiTextboxBuildPageGlyphs(uitextbox_t *box);

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ add_subdirectory(scene)
 # add_subdirectory(item)
 add_subdirectory(script)
 add_subdirectory(time)
+add_subdirectory(ui)
 add_subdirectory(util)

test/display/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,3 +7,4 @@ include(dusktest)
 
 # Tests
 dusktest(test_color.c)
+dusktest(test_spritebatchsprite.c)

test/display/test_spritebatchsprite.c

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatchsprite.h"
+
+static void test_spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition_create(void **state) {
+  tileset_t tileset = {
+    .tileWidth = 8,
+    .tileHeight = 8,
+    .tileCount = 4,
+    .columns = 2,
+    .rows = 2,
+    .uv = { 0.5f, 0.5f }
+  };
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite = spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition(
+    &tileset, 1, 1, 10.0f, 20.0f, 8.0f, 8.0f
+  );
+
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[0], 10.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[1], 20.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[2], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.max[0], 18.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.max[1], 28.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.uvMin[0], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.uvMin[1], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.uvMax[0], 1.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.uvMax[1], 1.0f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+static void test_spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition_zeroSize(void **state) {
+  tileset_t tileset = {
+    .tileWidth = 8,
+    .tileHeight = 8,
+    .tileCount = 1,
+    .columns = 1,
+    .rows = 1,
+    .uv = { 1.0f, 1.0f }
+  };
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite = spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition(
+    &tileset, 0, 0, 10.0f, 20.0f, 0.0f, 8.0f
+  );
+
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[0], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[1], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.max[0], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.max[1], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+static void test_spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(void **state) {
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite = {
+    .min = { 1.0f, 2.0f, 0.0f },
+    .max = { 5.0f, 6.0f, 0.0f },
+    .uvMin = { 0.25f, 0.5f },
+    .uvMax = { 0.75f, 1.0f }
+  };
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t translated = spriteBatchSpriteTranslate(
+    &sprite, 10.0f, -3.0f
+  );
+
+  assert_float_equal(translated.min[0], 11.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(translated.min[1], -1.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(translated.max[0], 15.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(translated.max[1], 3.0f, 0.0001f);
+
+  // UVs must be untouched by translation.
+  assert_float_equal(translated.uvMin[0], 0.25f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(translated.uvMin[1], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(translated.uvMax[0], 0.75f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(translated.uvMax[1], 1.0f, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Original sprite must be untouched.
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[0], 1.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprite.min[1], 2.0f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition_create),
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_spriteBatchSpriteTilesetPosition_zeroSize),
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_spriteBatchSpriteTranslate),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}

test/script/test_overworldscene.c

@@ -17,20 +17,18 @@
 #include "display/mesh/plane.h"
 #include "display/mesh/capsule.h"
 #include "script/scriptmanager.h"
+#include "script/module/scene/modulescene.h"
 #include <math.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #ifndef DUSK_ASSETS_DIR
   #error "DUSK_ASSETS_DIR must be defined"
 #endif
 
-// Reads the real, shipped overworldscene.js from disk (not a copy embedded
+static char_t *readFile(const char_t *relativePath) {
-// in this test) so this test actually verifies what ships.
-static char_t *readScriptSource(void) {
   char_t path[512];
-  snprintf(
+  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", DUSK_ASSETS_DIR, relativePath);
-    path, sizeof(path), "%s/scripts/overworldscene.js", DUSK_ASSETS_DIR
-  );
 
   FILE *f = fopen(path, "rb");
   assert_non_null(f);
@@ -47,6 +45,26 @@ static char_t *readScriptSource(void) {
   return buf;
 }
 
+// Runs the real, shipped overworldscene.js through Scene.set() the same
+// way require()/init.js would -- not a copy embedded in this test, so
+// this actually verifies what ships.
+static errorret_t installOverworldScene(void) {
+  char_t *fileSrc = readFile("scripts/overworldscene.js");
+
+  const char_t *prefix = "var module = { exports: {} };\n(function(module){\n";
+  const char_t *suffix = "\n})(module);\nScene.set(module.exports);";
+  size_t wrappedLen = strlen(prefix) + strlen(fileSrc) + strlen(suffix);
+  char_t *wrapped = (char_t *)memoryAllocate(wrappedLen + 1);
+  snprintf(
+    wrapped, wrappedLen + 1, "%s%s%s", prefix, fileSrc, suffix
+  );
+  memoryFree(fileSrc);
+
+  errorret_t ret = scriptManagerExec(wrapped, NULL);
+  memoryFree(wrapped);
+  return ret;
+}
+
 static int overworld_setup(void **state) {
   sceneInit();
 
@@ -71,9 +89,7 @@ static int overworld_teardown(void **state) {
 }
 
 static void test_overworldscene_builds_expected_entities(void **state) {
-  char_t *src = readScriptSource();
+  errorret_t ret = installOverworldScene();
-  errorret_t ret = scriptManagerExec(src, NULL);
-  memoryFree(src);
   assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
 
   sceneid_t sceneId = sceneGetActive();
@@ -195,9 +211,7 @@ static void test_overworldscene_builds_expected_entities(void **state) {
 }
 
 static void test_overworldscene_update_orbits_camera(void **state) {
-  char_t *src = readScriptSource();
+  errorret_t ret = installOverworldScene();
-  errorret_t ret = scriptManagerExec(src, NULL);
-  memoryFree(src);
   assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
 
   sceneid_t sceneId = sceneGetActive();
@@ -210,7 +224,7 @@ static void test_overworldscene_update_orbits_camera(void **state) {
   // Drive one frame with a known delta and confirm the camera orbited by
   // exactly angle = delta * speed (0.1 * 0.5 = 0.05 rad).
   TIME.delta = 0.1f;
-  ret = scriptManagerCallGlobal("update");
+  ret = moduleSceneUpdateCurrent();
   assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
 
   vec3 camPosition;
@@ -227,6 +241,66 @@ static void test_overworldscene_update_orbits_camera(void **state) {
   TIME.delta = 0.0f;
 }
 
+static void test_scene_set_switches_and_disposes(void **state) {
+  errorret_t ret = installOverworldScene();
+  assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
+  assert_true(sceneGetActive() != SCENE_ID_INVALID);
+
+  // Install a second, trivial scene module in place of the first. This
+  // must: call the first module's dispose(), destroy its scene, then
+  // create+activate a new one and call the new module's init().
+  ret = scriptManagerExec(
+    "var switchState = { updateCount: 0, disposed: false };\n"
+    "Scene.set({\n"
+    "  init: function() { var e = new Entity(); e.add(POSITION); },\n"
+    "  update: function() { switchState.updateCount++; },\n"
+    "  dispose: function() { switchState.disposed = true; }\n"
+    "});",
+    NULL
+  );
+  assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
+
+  sceneid_t secondSceneId = sceneGetActive();
+  assert_true(secondSceneId != SCENE_ID_INVALID);
+
+  entitymanager_t *mgr = sceneGetEntities(secondSceneId);
+  assert_true(
+    entityGetComponent(mgr, 0, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION) !=
+    COMPONENT_ID_INVALID
+  );
+  // The first module's plane entity (entity 1, POSITION+PHYSICS+
+  // RENDERABLE) must be gone -- proves the old scene was actually torn
+  // down, not just deactivated. (Scene IDs are a small reused pool --
+  // SCENE_COUNT_MAX slots -- so secondSceneId == firstSceneId here is
+  // expected, not a bug: sceneCreate() picks the first free slot, and
+  // destroying firstSceneId frees that exact slot right back up.)
+  assert_true(
+    entityGetComponent(mgr, 1, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION) ==
+    COMPONENT_ID_INVALID
+  );
+
+  ret = moduleSceneUpdateCurrent();
+  assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
+
+  jerry_value_t result;
+  ret = scriptManagerExec("switchState.updateCount", &result);
+  assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
+  assert_true(jerry_value_is_number(result));
+  assert_int_equal((int)jerry_value_as_number(result), 1);
+  jerry_value_free(result);
+
+  // Switching again must call the second module's dispose().
+  ret = scriptManagerExec(
+    "Scene.set({ init: function() {} });", NULL
+  );
+  assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
+
+  ret = scriptManagerExec("switchState.disposed", &result);
+  assert_true(errorIsOk(ret));
+  assert_true(jerry_value_is_true(result));
+  jerry_value_free(result);
+}
+
 int main(void) {
   assertInit();
   const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
@@ -238,6 +312,10 @@ int main(void) {
       test_overworldscene_update_orbits_camera,
       overworld_setup, overworld_teardown
     ),
+    cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(
+      test_scene_set_switches_and_disposes,
+      overworld_setup, overworld_teardown
+    ),
   };
   return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
 }

test/ui/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+include(dusktest)
+
+# Tests
+dusktest(test_uiframe.c)
+dusktest(test_uislider.c)
+dusktest(test_uitab.c)

test/ui/test_uiframe.c

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "ui/frame/uiframe.h"
+
+static void test_uiFrameBuildSprites_layout(void **state) {
+  UI_FRAME.tileset = (tileset_t){
+    .tileWidth = 1,
+    .tileHeight = 1,
+    .tileCount = 9,
+    .columns = 3,
+    .rows = 3,
+    .uv = { 0.25f, 0.25f }
+  };
+
+  const float_t x = 100.0f;
+  const float_t y = 50.0f;
+  const float_t width = 40.0f;
+  const float_t height = 30.0f;
+  const float_t tileW = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_WIDTH;
+  const float_t tileH = (float_t)UI_FRAME_BORDER_HEIGHT;
+
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
+  uiFrameBuildSprites(sprites, x, y, width, height);
+
+  // Top-left corner sits exactly at the rect's origin.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].min[0], x, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].min[1], y, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].max[0], x + tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].max[1], y + tileH, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMin[0], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMin[1], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMax[0], 0.25f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[0].uvMax[1], 0.25f, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Top-middle edge stretches to fill the width minus both corners.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[1].min[0], x + tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[1].max[0], x + width - tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[1].max[1], y + tileH, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Center tile fills the remaining interior on both axes.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].min[0], x + tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].min[1], y + tileH, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].max[0], x + width - tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[4].max[1], y + height - tileH, 0.0001f);
+
+  // Bottom-right corner sits exactly at the rect's far corner, sampling
+  // tileset column 2, row 2.
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].min[0], x + width - tileW, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].min[1], y + height - tileH, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].max[0], x + width, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].max[1], y + height, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].uvMin[0], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(sprites[8].uvMin[1], 0.5f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiFrameBuildSprites_layout),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}

test/ui/test_uislider.c

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uislider.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+// uiSliderInitFloat/InitInt require a real font (FONT_DEFAULT) to build
+// the label's glyph cache, which needs a live GL context this test binary
+// doesn't have -- see the label size caching contract for why this is
+// safe to bypass here (uiSliderRebuildGeometry only reads slider->label's
+// already-measured width/height, it never touches the font itself).
+static void sliderSetupFloat(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const float_t value,
+  const float_t min,
+  const float_t max,
+  const float_t step
+) {
+  memoryZero(slider, sizeof(uislider_t));
+  slider->label.width = 20;
+  slider->label.height = 10;
+  slider->type = UI_SLIDER_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  slider->min.f = min;
+  slider->max.f = max;
+  slider->step.f = step;
+  slider->value.f = value;
+}
+
+static void sliderSetupInt(
+  uislider_t *slider,
+  const int32_t value,
+  const int32_t min,
+  const int32_t max,
+  const int32_t step
+) {
+  memoryZero(slider, sizeof(uislider_t));
+  slider->label.width = 20;
+  slider->label.height = 10;
+  slider->type = UI_SLIDER_TYPE_INT;
+  slider->min.i = min;
+  slider->max.i = max;
+  slider->step.i = step;
+  slider->value.i = value;
+}
+
+static void test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_trackPosition(void **state) {
+  uislider_t slider;
+  sliderSetupFloat(&slider, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.1f);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+
+  const float_t expectedX = (float_t)slider.label.width + UI_SLIDER_GAP;
+  const float_t expectedY =
+    ((float_t)slider.label.height - UI_SLIDER_TRACK_HEIGHT) * 0.5f;
+
+  assert_float_equal(slider.cachedTrack.min[0], expectedX, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(slider.cachedTrack.min[1], expectedY, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(
+    slider.cachedTrack.max[0], expectedX + UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH, 0.0001f
+  );
+}
+
+static void test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_fillVisibility(void **state) {
+  uislider_t slider;
+
+  // At the minimum value, the ratio is 0 -- no fill should be visible.
+  sliderSetupFloat(&slider, 0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f, 1.0f);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_false(slider.cachedFillVisible);
+
+  // Halfway to max -- fill should cover half the track.
+  sliderSetupFloat(&slider, 5.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f, 1.0f);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_true(slider.cachedFillVisible);
+  assert_float_equal(
+    slider.cachedFill.max[0] - slider.cachedFill.min[0],
+    UI_SLIDER_TRACK_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+    0.0001f
+  );
+}
+
+static void test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_stepMarkers(void **state) {
+  uislider_t slider;
+
+  // 5 steps between 0 and 10 -- under the marker cap, so markers render.
+  sliderSetupInt(&slider, 0, 0, 10, 2);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_int_equal(slider.cachedMarkerCount, 6);
+  assert_float_equal(
+    slider.cachedMarkers[0].min[0], slider.cachedTrack.min[0] -
+      UI_SLIDER_STEP_MARKER_WIDTH * 0.5f,
+    0.0001f
+  );
+
+  // 100 steps -- over the marker cap, so it falls back to a smooth fill
+  // with no markers.
+  sliderSetupInt(&slider, 0, 0, 100, 1);
+  uiSliderRebuildGeometry(&slider);
+  assert_int_equal(slider.cachedMarkerCount, 0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_trackPosition),
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_fillVisibility),
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiSliderRebuildGeometry_stepMarkers),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}

test/ui/test_uitab.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "dusktest.h"
+#include "ui/widget/uitab.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+// uiTabInit requires a real font (FONT_DEFAULT) to build the label's
+// glyph cache, which needs a live GL context this test binary doesn't
+// have. uiTabRebuildBackground only reads the label's already-measured
+// width/height, so it's safe to set those directly and exercise it here.
+static void test_uiTabRebuildBackground_matchesLabelSize(void **state) {
+  uitab_t tab;
+  memoryZero(&tab, sizeof(uitab_t));
+  tab.label.width = 42;
+  tab.label.height = 12;
+
+  uiTabRebuildBackground(&tab);
+
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.min[0], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.min[1], 0.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.max[0], 42.0f, 0.0001f);
+  assert_float_equal(tab.cachedBackground.max[1], 12.0f, 0.0001f);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  const struct CMUnitTest tests[] = {
+    cmocka_unit_test(test_uiTabRebuildBackground_matchesLabelSize),
+  };
+
+  return cmocka_run_group_tests(tests, NULL, NULL);
+}

types/scene/scene.d.ts

@@ -24,4 +24,37 @@ declare class Scene {
 
   /** Gets the currently active scene, or undefined if none is active. */
   static getActive(): Scene | undefined;
+
+  /**
+   * Installs a scene module as the current scene, the mechanism for
+   * switching scenes from script. Tears down whatever module a previous
+   * Scene.set() call installed (calling its dispose(), then destroying
+   * the scene it owned), then creates and activates a fresh Scene and
+   * calls the new module's init() with it active -- so init() can use
+   * `new Entity()`/etc. as usual. The module's update() (if defined) is
+   * then called once per engine frame until Scene.set() is called again.
+   *
+   * Typical usage (see require.d.ts):
+   * ```js
+   * var myScene = require('./myscene.js');
+   * Scene.set(myScene);
+   * ```
+   */
+  static set(module: SceneModule): void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * The shape a scene module's `module.exports` should have to be usable
+ * with Scene.set(). All three are optional -- a module that never moves
+ * anything, for instance, can omit update().
+ */
+interface SceneModule {
+  /** Called once, right after Scene.set() creates and activates the scene. */
+  init?(): void;
+
+  /** Called once per engine frame while this module is the active scene. */
+  update?(): void;
+
+  /** Called once when this module is replaced by another Scene.set() call. */
+  dispose?(): void;
 }