Add fresh CMake/platform scaffolding, core engine, and SDL3 window

Platform folders, cmake target/option/platform detection, Linux and PSP
scripts and Docker setup, assert/util/thread/error/log/perf/time/console/
engine/display modules, and an SDL3 window cleared to red.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <[email protected]>

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,155 +1,78 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
 #
 # This software is released under the MIT License.
 # https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 
-# Setup
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
 
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
-set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH
-  ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}
-  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/modules
-)
-cmake_policy(SET CMP0079 NEW)
-# set(FETCHCONTENT_UPDATES_DISCONNECTED ON)
 
-option(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS "Enable tests" OFF)
+# Directories
-option(DUSK_NETWORK "Enable network support" ON)
-
-set(DUSK_GAME_NAME "Dusk" CACHE STRING "Game display name")
-set(DUSK_GAME_AUTHOR "YourWishes" CACHE STRING "Game author / coder")
-set(DUSK_GAME_SHORT_DESCRIPTION "Dusk game" CACHE STRING "One-line description")
-set(DUSK_GAME_LONG_DESCRIPTION
-  "No description yet." CACHE STRING "Full description"
-)
-
-# Prep cache
-set(DUSK_CACHE_TARGET "dusk-target")
-
-# Build variables
 set(DUSK_ROOT_DIR "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}")
-set(DUSK_BUILD_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}")
 set(DUSK_SOURCES_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/src")
-set(DUSK_TEST_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/test")
-set(DUSK_TEMP_DIR "${DUSK_BUILD_DIR}/temp")
-set(DUSK_TOOLS_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/tools")
-set(DUSK_DATA_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/data")
-set(DUSK_ASSETS_DIR "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/assets")
-set(DUSK_BUILT_ASSETS_DIR "${DUSK_BUILD_DIR}/built_assets"
-  CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET}
-)
-set(DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR "${DUSK_BUILD_DIR}/generated")
-set(DUSK_BUILD_BINARY ${DUSK_BUILD_DIR}/Dusk
-  CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET}
-)
-set(DUSK_ASSETS "" CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET})
-set(DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME "DuskCore" CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET})
-set(DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME "Dusk" CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET})
-set(DUSK_ASSETS_ZIP "${DUSK_BUILD_DIR}/dusk.dsk"
-  CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET}
-)
 
-if(NOT DEFINED DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM)
+project(DuskCore VERSION 1.0.0 LANGUAGES C)
-  set(DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM "linux")
+
+# Work out the target platform unless one was given explicitly.
+include(${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/cmake/determineplatform.cmake)
+
+# Platform defaults and definitions (sets DUSK_DEFAULT_* and
+# DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS / DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS).
+set(DUSK_TARGET_FILE
+  "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/cmake/${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM}/target.cmake"
+)
+if(NOT EXISTS "${DUSK_TARGET_FILE}")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Unknown DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM: ${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM}")
 endif()
+include("${DUSK_TARGET_FILE}")
 
-# Create directories
+# All options and their defaults.
-file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR})
+include(${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}/cmake/option.cmake)
-file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${DUSK_TEMP_DIR})
-file(MAKE_DIRECTORY ${DUSK_BUILT_ASSETS_DIR})
 
-# Required build packages
+# Targets. Tests split the code into a library plus the binary, otherwise all
-find_package(Python3 COMPONENTS Interpreter REQUIRED)
+# code is compiled straight into the binary.
-
+set(DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME "Dusk")
-# Init Project.
+add_executable(${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME})
-project(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
-  VERSION 1.0.0
-  LANGUAGES C
-)
-
-# Either, create library and binary separately (used for tests), or make them
-# one in the same so all code is in the binary only.
-# Binary Executable
-add_executable(${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME} ${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR}/dusk/null.c)
 
 if(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS)
-  # MainLibrary
+  set(DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME "DuskCore")
   add_library(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} STATIC)
-
+  target_link_libraries(${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
-  # Link library to binary
-  target_link_libraries(${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME}
-    PUBLIC
     ${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   )
 else()
-  set(DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME "${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME}"
+  set(DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME "${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME}")
-    CACHE INTERNAL ${DUSK_CACHE_TARGET}
-  )
 endif()
 
-if(NOT DEFINED DUSK_VERSION)
+target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
-  string(TIMESTAMP DUSK_VERSION "debug-%y%m%d%H%M%S")
-endif()
-
-# Definitions
-target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
-  PUBLIC
   DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM="${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM}"
   DUSK_GAME_NAME="${DUSK_GAME_NAME}"
   DUSK_GAME_AUTHOR="${DUSK_GAME_AUTHOR}"
-    DUSK_GAME_SHORT_DESCRIPTION="${DUSK_GAME_SHORT_DESCRIPTION}"
-    DUSK_GAME_LONG_DESCRIPTION="${DUSK_GAME_LONG_DESCRIPTION}"
   DUSK_VERSION="${DUSK_VERSION}"
 )
 
-if(DUSK_NETWORK)
+target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
-  target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS}
-    DUSK_NETWORK
+)
-  )
+foreach(OPT ASSERTIONS_FAKED BACKTRACE TRACK_MEMORY NETWORK)
+  if(DUSK_${OPT})
+    target_compile_definitions(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC DUSK_${OPT})
+  endif()
+endforeach()
+
+if(DUSK_BACKTRACE)
+  target_link_options(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC -rdynamic)
 endif()
 
-# Toolchains
+# Core engine code
-include(cmake/targets/${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM}.cmake)
+add_subdirectory(${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR}/dusk)
 
-# Add tools
+# Platform code
-add_subdirectory(tools)
+foreach(DIR ${DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS})
+  add_subdirectory(${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR}/${DIR})
+endforeach()
 
-# Include generated headers from tools.
-target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
-  ${DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR}
-)
-
-# Add main code
-add_subdirectory(${DUSK_SOURCES_DIR})
-
-# Include generated headers
-target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
-  ${DUSK_GENERATED_HEADERS_DIR}
-)
-
-# Handle tests
 if(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS)
   enable_testing()
-  add_subdirectory(test)
 endif()
-
-# Build assets. Runs unconditionally on every build (rather than being
-# gated behind a custom_command's file-level DEPENDS list) because
-# CONFIGURE_DEPENDS globs only pick up added/removed files on the next
-# CMake configure, so that approach could miss/lag a rebuild behind an
-# asset edit. tools.asset.pack itself decides whether anything actually
-# changed (see its manifest check) and no-ops quickly when nothing did,
-# so this stays cheap on a build where assets are untouched.
-add_custom_target(DUSK_ASSETS_BUILT ALL
-  COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E make_directory "${DUSK_ASSETS_DIR}"
-  COMMAND ${Python3_EXECUTABLE} -m tools.asset.pack
-    --input "${DUSK_ASSETS_DIR}"
-    --output "${DUSK_ASSETS_ZIP}"
-  WORKING_DIRECTORY "${DUSK_ROOT_DIR}"
-  BYPRODUCTS "${DUSK_ASSETS_ZIP}"
-  COMMENT "Packing assets into dusk.dsk"
-  VERBATIM
-)
-add_dependencies(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} DUSK_ASSETS_BUILT)

cmake/determineplatform.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Determines DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM when it was not explicitly provided with
+# -DDUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM=<target>. Must be included after project() so that the
+# compiler and CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME are known.
+#
+# Console toolchains all cross compile as "Generic", so they are recognised by
+# the compiler they configure.
+
+if(DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM)
+  message(STATUS "Dusk target: ${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM} (explicit)")
+  return()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "psp-")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "psp")
+elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "arm-vita-eabi")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "vita")
+elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "powerpc-eabi")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "dolphin")
+elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "ps2")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "ps2")
+elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "sh-elf")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "dreamcast")
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "windows")
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
+  set(DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM "linux")
+else()
+  message(FATAL_ERROR
+    "Could not determine the target platform (system: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}, "
+    "compiler: ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}). Pass -DDUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM=<target>."
+  )
+endif()
+
+set(DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM "${DUSK_DETECTED_SYSTEM}" CACHE STRING
+  "Target platform" FORCE
+)
+set_property(CACHE DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM PROPERTY STRINGS
+  linux windows psp dolphin vita ps2 dreamcast
+)
+message(STATUS "Dusk target: ${DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM} (detected)")

cmake/dolphin/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the dolphin target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS duskdolphin)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Assertions are faked (compiled out) unless this is a Debug build.
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+else()
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED ON)
+endif()
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY OFF)
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG
+  DUSK_DOLPHIN
+  DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+)

cmake/dreamcast/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the dreamcast target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS duskdreamcast)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Assertions are faked (compiled out) unless this is a Debug build.
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+else()
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED ON)
+endif()
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY OFF)
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE
+  DUSK_DREAMCAST
+)

cmake/linux/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the linux target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS dusklinux dusksdl3 duskvulkan)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE ON)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY ON)
+
+# Linux runs on both endiannesses, so detect it from the target compiler.
+include(TestBigEndian)
+test_big_endian(DUSK_IS_BIG_ENDIAN)
+if(DUSK_IS_BIG_ENDIAN)
+  set(DUSK_ENDIAN_DEFINITION DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+else()
+  set(DUSK_ENDIAN_DEFINITION DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
+endif()
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  ${DUSK_ENDIAN_DEFINITION}
+  DUSK_LINUX
+  DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+)

cmake/option.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# All user facing CMake options and their defaults. Included by the root
+# CMakeLists.txt after the platform's target.cmake, which supplies the
+# DUSK_DEFAULT_* values used below. DUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM itself is declared by
+# determineplatform.cmake.
+
+# General
+option(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS "Enable tests." OFF)
+option(DUSK_NETWORK "Enable network support." ON)
+
+# Game metadata
+set(DUSK_GAME_NAME "Dusk" CACHE STRING "Game display name.")
+set(DUSK_GAME_AUTHOR "YourWishes" CACHE STRING "Game author / coder.")
+if(NOT DEFINED DUSK_VERSION)
+  string(TIMESTAMP DUSK_VERSION "debug-%y%m%d%H%M%S")
+endif()
+
+# Platform dependent defaults
+option(DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED
+  "Compile assertions out (they do nothing)."
+  ${DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED}
+)
+option(DUSK_BACKTRACE
+  "Log a stack trace on assertion failure."
+  ${DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE}
+)
+option(DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY
+  "Track memoryAllocate() call sites to help find memory leaks."
+  ${DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY}
+)
+
+# Tests mock assertions, so they can never be faked.
+if(DUSK_BUILD_TESTS AND DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED)
+  message(STATUS "DUSK_BUILD_TESTS: forcing DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED off")
+  set(DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+endif()

cmake/ps2/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the ps2 target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS duskps2)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Assertions are faked (compiled out) unless this is a Debug build.
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+else()
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED ON)
+endif()
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY OFF)
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE
+  DUSK_PS2
+)

cmake/psp/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the psp target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS duskpsp)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Assertions are faked (compiled out) unless this is a Debug build.
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+else()
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED ON)
+endif()
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY OFF)
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE
+  DUSK_PSP
+  DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+)

cmake/vita/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the vita target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS duskvita)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Assertions are faked (compiled out) unless this is a Debug build.
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+else()
+  set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED ON)
+endif()
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY OFF)
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE
+  DUSK_VITA
+  DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+)

cmake/windows/target.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Platform setup for the windows target, included by the root CMakeLists.txt.
+# Only sets defaults and definitions; the root applies them.
+
+# Source directories to build for this platform.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DIRS duskwindows dusksdl3 duskvulkan)
+
+# Default values for the shared options declared in the root CMakeLists.txt.
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_ASSERTIONS_FAKED OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_BACKTRACE OFF)
+set(DUSK_DEFAULT_TRACK_MEMORY ON)
+
+# Platform definitions.
+set(DUSK_PLATFORM_DEFINITIONS
+  DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE
+  DUSK_WINDOWS
+)

docker/linux/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:latest
+ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+WORKDIR /workdir
+COPY scripts/linux/install.sh /tmp/install.sh
+RUN chmod +x /tmp/install.sh && /tmp/install.sh && rm /tmp/install.sh

docker/psp/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM pspdev/pspdev:latest
+WORKDIR /workdir
+COPY scripts/psp/install.sh /tmp/install.sh
+RUN chmod +x /tmp/install.sh && /tmp/install.sh && rm /tmp/install.sh
+VOLUME ["/workdir"]

scripts/linux/build-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+docker build -t dusk-linux -f docker/linux/Dockerfile .
+docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/workdir" dusk-linux /bin/bash -c "./scripts/linux/build.sh"

scripts/linux/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+cmake -S . -B build-linux -DDUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM=linux
+cmake --build build-linux -- -j"$(nproc)"

scripts/linux/install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Installs the packages required to build and test Dusk on Linux.
+set -e
+
+SUDO=""
+if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
+  SUDO="sudo"
+fi
+
+if command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO apt-get update
+  $SUDO apt-get install -y \
+    build-essential \
+    cmake \
+    git \
+    python3 \
+    python3-pip \
+    python3-polib \
+    python3-pil \
+    python3-dotenv \
+    python3-numpy \
+    libsdl3-dev \
+    libvulkan-dev \
+    libzip-dev \
+    libbz2-dev \
+    liblzma-dev \
+    zlib1g-dev \
+    libssl-dev \
+    xz-utils
+elif command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO dnf install -y \
+    git make gcc cmake python python-polib python3-pillow python3-dotenv \
+    python3-numpy SDL2-devel mesa-libGL-devel zlib-devel libzip-devel \
+    bzip2-devel openssl-devel xz xz-devel
+elif command -v pacman >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO pacman -Sy --noconfirm --needed \
+    base-devel git cmake python python-polib python-pillow python-dotenv \
+    python-numpy sdl2 mesa libzip bzip2 openssl xz zlib
+else
+  echo "Unsupported package manager; install dependencies manually." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi

scripts/linux/test-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+docker build -t dusk-linux -f docker/linux/Dockerfile .
+docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/workdir" dusk-linux /bin/bash -c "./scripts/linux/test.sh"

scripts/linux/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+rm -rf build-tests
+cmake -S . -B build-tests -DDUSK_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DDUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM=linux
+cmake --build build-tests -- -j"$(nproc)"
+ctest --output-on-failure --test-dir build-tests

scripts/psp/build-docker.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+docker build -t dusk-psp -f docker/psp/Dockerfile .
+docker run --rm -v "$(pwd):/workdir" dusk-psp /bin/bash -c "./scripts/psp/build.sh"

scripts/psp/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+set -e
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
+if [ -z "$PSPDEV" ]; then
+  echo "PSPDEV environment variable is not set." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+psp-cmake -S . -B build-psp \
+  -DDUSK_TARGET_SYSTEM=psp \
+  -DBUILD_PRX=1 \
+  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake --build build-psp -- -j"$(nproc)"

scripts/psp/install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# Installs the packages required to build Dusk for the PSP. The PSP toolchain
+# itself (pspdev) must already be installed; the pspdev/pspdev docker image
+# provides it.
+set -e
+
+SUDO=""
+if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then
+  SUDO="sudo"
+fi
+
+if command -v apk >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO apk add --no-cache git cmake make python3 py3-pip py3-dotenv
+elif command -v apt-get >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO apt-get update
+  $SUDO apt-get install -y git cmake make python3 python3-pip python3-dotenv
+elif command -v dnf >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO dnf install -y git cmake make python python3-dotenv
+elif command -v pacman >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  $SUDO pacman -Sy --noconfirm --needed git cmake make python python-dotenv
+else
+  echo "Unsupported package manager; install dependencies manually." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ -z "$PSPDEV" ] || ! command -v psp-cmake >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "pspdev toolchain not found. Install it from https://pspdev.github.io/" >&2
+  echo "and set PSPDEV, or use scripts/psp/build-docker.sh." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi

src/dusk/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Headers are included relative to this directory (e.g. "util/string.h").
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)
+
+# Modules
+add_subdirectory(assert)
+add_subdirectory(console)
+add_subdirectory(display)
+add_subdirectory(engine)
+add_subdirectory(error)
+add_subdirectory(perf)
+add_subdirectory(time)
+add_subdirectory(thread)
+add_subdirectory(util)

src/dusk/assert/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+# 
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    assert.c
+)

src/dusk/assert/assert.c

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "assert.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  pthread_t ASSERT_MAIN_THREAD_ID = 0;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED
+  void assertInit(void) {
+    #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+      ASSERT_MAIN_THREAD_ID = pthread_self();
+    #endif
+  }
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_TEST_ASSERT
+    void assertTrueImpl(
+      const char *file,
+      const int32_t line,
+      const bool x,
+      const char *message
+    ) {
+      mock_assert(
+        x == true,
+        message,
+        file,
+        line
+      );
+    }
+  #else
+    #ifdef DUSK_BACKTRACE
+      #include <execinfo.h>
+      #include <stdlib.h>
+
+      void assertLogBacktrace(void) {
+        void *frames[64];
+        int count = backtrace(frames, 64);
+        char **symbols = backtrace_symbols(frames, count);
+        memoryTrack(symbols);
+        logError("Stack trace:\n");
+        if(symbols) {
+          for(int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            logError("  %s\n", symbols[i]);
+          }
+          memoryFree(symbols);
+        }
+      }
+    #endif
+
+    void assertTrueImpl(
+      const char *file,
+      const int32_t line,
+      const bool x,
+      const char *message
+    ) {
+      if(x != true) {
+        logError(
+          "Assertion Failed in %s:%i\n\n%s\n\n",
+          file,
+          line,
+          message
+        );
+        #ifdef DUSK_BACKTRACE
+          assertLogBacktrace();
+        #endif
+        abort();
+      }
+    }
+  #endif
+
+  void assertFalseImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    bool x,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    assertTrueImpl(file, line, !x, message);
+  }
+
+  void assertUnreachableImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    assertTrueImpl(file, line, false, message);
+  }
+
+  void assertNotNullImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const void *pointer,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    assertTrueImpl(
+      file,
+      line,
+      pointer != NULL,
+      message
+    );
+
+    // Ensure we can touch it
+    volatile char temp;
+    temp = *((char*)pointer);
+  }
+
+  void assertNullImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const void *pointer,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    assertTrueImpl(
+      file,
+      line,
+      pointer == NULL,
+      message
+    );
+  }
+
+  void assertDeprecatedImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    assertUnreachableImpl(file, line, message);
+  }
+
+  void assertStringEqualImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *a,
+    const char *b,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    assertTrueImpl(file, line, stringCompare(a, b) == 0, message);
+  }
+
+  void assertIsMainThreadImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+      assertTrueImpl(
+        file, line, pthread_self() == ASSERT_MAIN_THREAD_ID, message
+      );
+    #endif
+  }
+
+  void assertNotMainThreadImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  ) {
+    #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+      assertTrueImpl(
+        file, line, pthread_self() != ASSERT_MAIN_THREAD_ID, message
+      );
+    #endif
+  }
+#endif
+

src/dusk/assert/assert.h

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TEST_ASSERT
+  #include <cmocka.h>
+  
+  #ifdef DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED
+    #error "Cannot fake assertions when DUSK_TEST_ASSERT is set."
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  #include "thread/thread.h"
+  extern pthread_t ASSERT_MAIN_THREAD_ID;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED
+  #define DUSK_ASSERTIONS 1
+
+  /**
+   * Initializes the assert system. Must be the very first call in engine
+   * startup.
+   */
+  void assertInit(void);
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_BACKTRACE
+    /**
+     * Logs a stack trace of the current call stack to the error log.
+     */
+    void assertLogBacktrace(void);
+  #endif
+
+  /**
+   * Assert a given value to be true.
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param x Value to assert as true.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertTrueImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const bool_t x,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a given statement to be false.
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param x Value to assert as false.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertFalseImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const bool_t x,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that a given line of code is unreachable. Essentially a forced
+   * assertion failure, good for "edge cases"
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertUnreachableImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Assert a given pointer to not point to a null pointer.
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param pointer Pointer to assert is not a null pointer.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertNotNullImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const void *pointer,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a given pointer to be a nullptr.
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param pointer Pointer to assert is nullptr.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertNullImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const void *pointer,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a function as being deprecated.
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertDeprecatedImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts two strings to be equal.
+   * 
+   * @param file File that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param line Line that the assertion is being made from.
+   * @param a First string to compare.
+   * @param b Second string to compare.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertStringEqualImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *a,
+    const char *b,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the current thread is the main thread.
+   *
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertIsMainThreadImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the current thread is NOT the main thread.
+   *
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  void assertNotMainThreadImpl(
+    const char *file,
+    const int32_t line,
+    const char *message
+  );
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a given value to be true.
+   * 
+   * @param x Value to assert as true.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertTrue(x, message) \
+    assertTrueImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, x, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a given statement to be false.
+   * 
+   * @param x Value to assert as false.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertFalse(x, message) \
+    assertFalseImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, x, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that a given line of code is unreachable. Essentially a forced
+   * assertion failure, good for "edge cases"
+   * 
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertUnreachable(message) \
+    assertUnreachableImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, message)
+
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a pointer is not null.
+   *
+   * @param pointer Pointer to check.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertNotNull(pointer, message) \
+    assertNotNullImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, pointer, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a pointer is null.
+   *
+   * @param pointer Pointer to check.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertNull(pointer, message) \
+    assertNullImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, pointer, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a function or code path is deprecated.
+   *
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertDeprecated(message) \
+    assertDeprecatedImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a string's length is less than a maximum.
+   *
+   * @param str String to check.
+   * @param len Maximum length.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertStrLenMax(str, len, message) \
+    assertTrue(strlen(str) < len, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts a string's length is at least a minimum.
+   *
+   * @param str String to check.
+   * @param len Minimum length.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertStrLenMin(str, len, message) \
+    assertTrue(strlen(str) >= len, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts two strings to be equal.
+   *
+   * @param a First string to compare.
+   * @param b Second string to compare.
+   * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+   */
+  #define assertStringEqual(a, b, message) \
+    assertStringEqualImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, a, b, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the current thread is the main thread.
+   *
+    * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+    */
+  #define assertIsMainThread(message) \
+    assertIsMainThreadImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, message)
+
+  /**
+   * Asserts that the current thread is NOT the main thread.
+    *
+    * @param message Message to throw against assertion failure.
+    */
+  #define assertNotMainThread(message) \
+    assertNotMainThreadImpl(__FILE__, __LINE__, message)
+
+#else
+  // If assertions are faked, we define the macros to do nothing.
+  #define assertInit() ((void)0)
+  #define assertMainThreadInit() ((void)0)
+  #define assertIsMainThread(message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertNotMainThread(message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertTrue(x, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertFalse(x, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertUnreachable(message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertNotNull(pointer, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertNull(pointer, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertDeprecated(message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertStrLenMax(str, len, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertStrLenMin(str, len, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertStringEqual(a, b, message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertIsMainThread(message) ((void)0)
+  #define assertNotMainThread(message) ((void)0)
+
+#endif
+
+// Static Assertions
+#define assertStructSize(struct, size) \
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(struct) == size, "Size of " #struct " must be " #size)
+
+// EOF

src/dusk/console/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    console.c
+)

src/dusk/console/console.c

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "console.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+console_t CONSOLE;
+
+void consoleInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&CONSOLE, sizeof(console_t));
+  CONSOLE.visible = false;
+  // CONSOLE.visible = true;
+  threadMutexInit(&CONSOLE.printMutex);
+}
+
+void consolePrint(const char_t *message, ...) {
+  char_t buffer[CONSOLE_LINE_MAX];
+
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, message);
+  int32_t len = stringFormatVA(buffer, CONSOLE_LINE_MAX, message, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  threadMutexLock(&CONSOLE.printMutex);
+  memoryMove(
+    CONSOLE.line[0],
+    CONSOLE.line[1],
+    (CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX - 1) * CONSOLE_LINE_MAX
+  );
+  memoryCopy(CONSOLE.line[CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX - 1], buffer, len + 1);
+  threadMutexUnlock(&CONSOLE.printMutex);
+
+  logDebug("%s\n", buffer);
+}
+
+void consoleUpdate(void) {
+  // TODO: Toggle console visibility once the input system exists.
+}
+
+void consoleDispose(void) {
+  threadMutexDispose(&CONSOLE.printMutex);
+}

src/dusk/console/console.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "dusk.h"
+#include "thread/thread.h"
+
+#define CONSOLE_LINE_MAX 128
+#define CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX 16
+#define CONSOLE_EXEC_BUFFER_MAX 32
+
+typedef struct {
+  char_t line[CONSOLE_HISTORY_MAX][CONSOLE_LINE_MAX];
+  bool_t visible;
+  threadmutex_t printMutex;
+} console_t;
+
+extern console_t CONSOLE;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the console.
+ */
+void consoleInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Prints a message to the console history.
+ *
+ * @param message The message to print (printf-style).
+ */
+void consolePrint(const char_t *message, ...);
+
+/**
+ * Processes pending queued script lines. Call once per frame from main thread.
+ */
+void consoleUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the console.
+ */
+void consoleDispose(void);

src/dusk/display/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    display.c
+)

src/dusk/display/display.c

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "display/display.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+display_t DISPLAY = { 0 };
+
+errorret_t displayInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&DISPLAY, sizeof(DISPLAY));
+
+  #ifdef displayPlatformInit
+    errorChain(displayPlatformInit());
+  #endif
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t displayUpdate(void) {
+  #ifdef displayPlatformUpdate
+    errorChain(displayPlatformUpdate());
+  #endif
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t displayDispose(void) {
+  #ifdef displayPlatformDispose
+    errorChain(displayPlatformDispose());
+  #endif
+
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/display/display.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include "display/displayplatform.h"
+
+// Main display struct, platform-specific.
+typedef displayplatform_t display_t;
+
+extern display_t DISPLAY;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the display system.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t displayInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Tells the display system to actually draw the frame.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t displayUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the display system.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t displayDispose(void);

src/dusk/dusk.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <memory.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+
+#include "duskplatform.h"
+
+typedef bool bool_t;
+typedef int int_t;
+typedef float float_t;
+typedef char char_t;

src/dusk/engine/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+# 
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    engine.c
+)

src/dusk/engine/engine.c

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "engine.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "perf/perf.h"
+#include "time/time.h"
+#include "display/display.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "console/console.h"
+
+engine_t ENGINE;
+
+errorret_t engineInit(const int32_t argc, const char_t **argv) {
+  assertInit();
+  memoryZero(&ENGINE, sizeof(engine_t));
+  ENGINE.running = true;
+  ENGINE.argc = argc;
+  ENGINE.argv = argv;
+  ENGINE.version = DUSK_VERSION;
+
+  // Init systems. Order is important.
+  perfInit();
+  timeInit();
+  consoleInit();
+  errorChain(displayInit());
+
+  consolePrint("Engine initialized");
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_ASSERTIONS_FAKED
+    consolePrint("Assertions faked");
+  #else
+    consolePrint("Assertions real");
+  #endif
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t engineUpdate(void) {
+  // Order here is important.
+  timeUpdate();
+  consoleUpdate();
+  errorChain(displayUpdate());
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+void engineExit(void) {
+  ENGINE.running = false;
+}
+
+errorret_t engineDispose(void) {
+  errorChain(displayDispose());
+  consoleDispose();
+  perfDispose();
+
+  memoryCheckUnfreed();
+
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/engine/engine.h

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "dusk.h"
+#include "error/error.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool_t running;
+  int32_t argc;
+  const char_t **argv;
+  const char_t *version;
+} engine_t;
+
+extern engine_t ENGINE;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the engine.
+ * 
+ * @param argc The argument count from main().
+ * @param argv The argument vector from main().
+ */
+errorret_t engineInit(const int32_t argc, const char_t **argv);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the engine.
+ */
+errorret_t engineUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Shuts down the engine.
+ */
+errorret_t engineDispose(void);
+
+/**
+ * Requests that the engine stops running.
+ */
+void engineExit(void);

src/dusk/error/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+# 
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    error.c
+)

src/dusk/error/error.c

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "error.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "util/string.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+THREAD_LOCAL errorstate_t ERROR_STATE = { 0 };
+
+errorret_t errorThrowImpl(
+  errorstate_t *state,
+  errorcode_t code,
+  const char_t *file,
+  const char_t *function,
+  const int32_t line,
+  const char_t *message,
+  ...
+) {
+  assertNotNull(state, "Error state cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(code != ERROR_OK, "Error code must not be OK");
+  assertNotNull(file, "File cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(function, "Function cannot be NULL");
+  assertTrue(line >= 0, "File pointer must be valid");
+  assertNotNull(message, "Message cannot be NULL");
+
+  memoryZero(state, sizeof(errorstate_t));
+  state->code = code;
+
+  // Format args.
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, message);
+  
+  // Get length of formatted message
+  va_list argsCopy;
+  va_copy(argsCopy, args);
+  int32_t len = stringFormatVA(NULL, 0, message, argsCopy);
+  va_end(argsCopy);
+
+  // Create string to hold the formatted message
+  state->message = (char_t *)memoryAllocate(len + 1);
+  stringFormatVA(state->message, len + 1, message, args);
+  va_end(args);
+
+  // Format lines
+  len = stringFormat(NULL, 0, ERROR_LINE_FORMAT, file, line, function);
+  assertTrue(len >= 0, "Line formatting failed");
+  state->lines = (char_t *)memoryAllocate(len + 1);
+  stringFormat(state->lines, len + 1, ERROR_LINE_FORMAT, file, line, function);
+
+  return (errorret_t) {
+    .code = code,
+    .state = state
+  };
+}
+
+errorret_t errorOkImpl() {
+  assertTrue(
+    ERROR_STATE.code == ERROR_OK,
+    "Global error state is not OK (Likely missing errorCatch)"
+  );
+
+  return (errorret_t) {
+    .code = ERROR_OK,
+    .state = NULL
+  };
+}
+
+errorret_t errorChainImpl(
+  const errorret_t retval,
+  const char_t *file,
+  const char_t *function,
+  const int32_t line
+) {
+  if(errorIsOk(retval)) return retval;
+
+  assertNotNull(retval.state, "Error state NULL (Likely missing errorOk)");
+  assertNotNull(retval.state->message, "Message cannot be NULL");
+
+  // Create a new line string.
+  int32_t newLineLen = snprintf(
+    NULL, 0, ERROR_LINE_FORMAT, file, line, function
+  );
+  assertTrue(newLineLen >= 0, "Line formatting failed");
+  char_t *newLine = (char_t *)memoryAllocate(newLineLen + 1);
+  snprintf(newLine, newLineLen + 1, ERROR_LINE_FORMAT, file, line, function);
+
+  // Resize the existing lines to accommodate the new line
+  size_t existingLen = strlen(retval.state->lines);
+  memoryResize(
+    (void**)&retval.state->lines,
+    existingLen,
+    existingLen + newLineLen + 1
+  );
+
+  // Now append the new line to the existing lines
+  memoryCopy(
+    retval.state->lines + existingLen,
+    newLine,
+    newLineLen + 1
+  );
+
+  // Cleanup the temporary new line
+  memoryFree(newLine);
+  return retval;
+}
+
+void errorCatch(errorret_t retval) {
+  if(errorIsOk(retval)) return;
+
+  assertNotNull(retval.state, "Error state cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(retval.state->message, "Message cannot be NULL");
+
+  // Clear the error state
+  memoryFree((void*)retval.state->message);
+  memoryFree((void*)retval.state->lines);
+  retval.state->code = ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+errorret_t errorPrint(const errorret_t retval) {
+  if(errorIsOk(retval)) return retval;
+
+  assertNotNull(retval.state, "Error state cannot be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(retval.state->message, "Message cannot be NULL");
+
+  logError(
+    ERROR_PRINT_FORMAT,
+    retval.state->code,
+    retval.state->message,
+    retval.state->lines
+  );
+  return retval;
+}

src/dusk/error/error.h

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+#include "thread/threadlocal.h"
+
+typedef uint8_t errorcode_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  errorcode_t code;
+  char_t *message;
+  char_t *lines;
+} errorstate_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  errorcode_t code;
+  errorstate_t *state;
+} errorret_t;
+
+static const errorcode_t ERROR_OK = 0;
+static const errorcode_t ERROR_NOT_OK = 1;
+
+static const char_t *ERROR_PRINT_FORMAT = "Error (%d): %s\n%s";
+static const char_t *ERROR_LINE_FORMAT = "  at %s:%d in function %s\n";
+extern THREAD_LOCAL errorstate_t ERROR_STATE;
+
+/**
+ * Sets the error state with the provided code and message.
+ * 
+ * @param state The error state to initialize.
+ * @param code The error code to set.
+ * @param file The file where the error occurred.
+ * @param function The function where the error occurred.
+ * @param line The line number where the error occurred.
+ * @param message The error message.
+ * @param args The arguments for the error message.
+ * @return The error code.
+ */
+errorret_t errorThrowImpl(
+  errorstate_t *state,
+  errorcode_t code,
+  const char_t *file,
+  const char_t *function,
+  const int32_t line,
+  const char_t *message,
+  ...
+);
+
+/**
+ * Returns an error state with no error.
+ *
+ * @return An error state with code ERROR_OK.
+ */
+errorret_t errorOkImpl();
+
+/**
+ * Chains an error state, allowing for error propagation.
+ * 
+ * @param retval The return value containing the error state.
+ * @param file The file where the error occurred.
+ * @param function The function where the error occurred.
+ * @param line The line number where the error occurred.
+ * @return The error code if an error occurred, otherwise continues execution.
+ */
+errorret_t errorChainImpl(
+  const errorret_t retval,
+  const char_t *file,
+  const char_t *function,
+  const int32_t line
+);
+
+/**
+ * Catches an error and handles it.
+ * 
+ * @param retval The return value containing the error state.
+ */
+void errorCatch(errorret_t retval);
+
+/**
+ * Prints the error state to the console.
+ * 
+ * @param retval The return value containing the error state.
+ * @return Passed retval for chaining.
+ */
+errorret_t errorPrint(const errorret_t retval);
+
+/**
+ * Throws an error with a formatted message.
+ * 
+ * @param code The error code to throw.
+ * @param message The format string for the error message.
+ * @param ... Additional arguments for the format string.
+ * @return The error code.
+ */
+#define errorThrowWithCode(code, message, ... ) \
+  return errorThrowImpl(\
+    &ERROR_STATE, (code), __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, (message), \
+    __VA_ARGS__ \
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Throws an error with a default error code of ERROR_NOT_OK.
+ * 
+ * @param message The format string for the error message.
+ * @param ... Additional arguments for the format string.
+ * @return The error code.
+ */
+#define errorThrow(message, ...) \
+  return errorThrowImpl(\
+    &ERROR_STATE, ERROR_NOT_OK, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__, (message), \
+    ##__VA_ARGS__ \
+  )
+
+/**
+ * Checks if a child method errored, and if it did, then send it up the chain.
+ * @param retval The return value containing the error state.
+ * @return The error code if an error occurred, otherwise continues execution.
+ */
+#define errorChain(retval) { \
+  errorret_t errorChainRetval = (retval); \
+  if(errorChainRetval.code != ERROR_OK) { \
+    return errorChainImpl(errorChainRetval, __FILE__, __func__, __LINE__); \
+  } \
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns without an error.
+ * 
+ * @return An error state with code ERROR_OK.
+ */
+#define errorOk() \
+  return errorOkImpl()
+
+/**
+ * Returns non-zero if retval indicates success.
+ *
+ * @param retval errorret_t to test.
+ */
+#define errorIsOk(retval) ((retval).code == ERROR_OK)
+
+/**
+ * Returns non-zero if retval indicates failure.
+ *
+ * @param retval errorret_t to test.
+ */
+#define errorIsNotOk(retval) ((retval).code != ERROR_OK)
+
+// EOF

src/dusk/log/log.h

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Prints a debug message to the debug console.
+ * 
+ * @param message The message format string.
+ * @param ... Additional arguments for the format string.
+ */
+void logDebug(const char_t *message, ...);
+
+/**
+ * Prints a message to the error console. For some platforms this will pause
+ * the program.
+ * 
+ * @param message The message format string.
+ * @param ... Additional arguments for the format string.
+ */
+void logError(const char_t *message, ...);

src/dusk/perf/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    perf.c
+)

src/dusk/perf/perf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "perf.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "console/console.h"
+
+#if defined(DUSK_LINUX)
+  #include <time.h>
+#elif defined(DUSK_PSP)
+  #include <pspthreadman.h>
+#endif
+
+perf_t PERF;
+
+void perfInit(void) {
+  assertIsMainThread("Must be called from the main thread.");
+  memoryZero(&PERF, sizeof(perf_t));
+}
+
+void perfDispose(void) {
+  assertIsMainThread("Must be called from the main thread.");
+}
+
+uint64_t perfGetTick(void) {
+  assertIsMainThread("Must be called from the main thread.");
+
+  #if defined(DUSK_LINUX)
+    // TEST - CLOCK_MONOTONIC via clock_gettime(), Linux desktop only for
+    // now. Not a cross-platform answer yet (see perfGetTick's doc
+    // comment in perf.h) - just something real to look at while that
+    // gets settled. Returns nanoseconds since some unspecified starting
+    // point, so only differences between two calls are meaningful.
+    struct timespec ts;
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+    return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ull + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec;
+  #elif defined(DUSK_PSP)
+    // TEST - sceKernelGetSystemTimeWide(), microseconds since boot at
+    // ~1us resolution (the standard PSP homebrew idiom for elapsed-time
+    // measurement - psprtc.h's sceRtcGetCurrentTick is for wall-clock
+    // date/time instead, already used by timepsp.c for that purpose).
+    // Scaled to nanoseconds to match every other platform's tick unit.
+    return (uint64_t)sceKernelGetSystemTimeWide() * 1000ull;
+  #else
+    return 0;
+  #endif
+}
+
+void perfPushItem(
+  const char_t *label, const char_t *file, const int32_t line
+) {
+  assertIsMainThread("Must be called from the main thread.");
+  assertNotNull(label, "Perf item label cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(file, "Perf item file cannot be NULL.");
+  assertTrue(PERF.stackSize < PERF_STACK_SIZE, "Perf stack overflow.");
+
+  PERF.stack[PERF.stackSize++] = (perfitem_t){
+    .label = label,
+    .file = file,
+    .line = line,
+    .tick = perfGetTick()
+  };
+}
+
+void perfPopItem(void) {
+  assertIsMainThread("Must be called from the main thread.");
+  assertTrue(PERF.stackSize > 0, "Perf stack underflow.");
+  PERF.stackSize--;
+}
+
+void perfReport(void) {
+  assertIsMainThread("Must be called from the main thread.");
+
+  if(PERF.stackSize == 0) return;
+
+  const perfitem_t *item = &PERF.stack[PERF.stackSize - 1];
+  uint64_t elapsedNs = perfGetTick() - item->tick;
+  double_t elapsedMs = (double_t)elapsedNs / 1000000.0;
+  consolePrint(
+    "perf: %s (%s:%d, %.4fms)",
+    item->label, item->file, item->line, elapsedMs
+  );
+}

src/dusk/perf/perf.h

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "perfitem.h"
+
+#define PERF_STACK_SIZE 256
+
+typedef struct {
+  perfitem_t stack[PERF_STACK_SIZE];
+  uint32_t stackSize;
+} perf_t;
+
+extern perf_t PERF;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the perf system.
+ */
+void perfInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes/cleans up the perf system. Currently a no-op - here so
+ * engine.c has a symmetric call to make once this needs real cleanup.
+ */
+void perfDispose(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns a tick value representing "now", for measuring the duration
+ * between a perfPush/perfPushItem and its matching perfPopItem. Always
+ * nanoseconds since some unspecified starting point, on every platform
+ * that implements it, so perfReport's ms conversion stays correct
+ * everywhere without per-platform special-casing.
+ *
+ * PLACEHOLDER - currently only reads a real value on DUSK_LINUX desktop
+ * builds (via clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)) and DUSK_PSP (via
+ * sceKernelGetSystemTimeWide(), scaled from microseconds), as a test;
+ * every other platform still gets a meaningless 0. A common,
+ * cross-platform way of reading CPU cycles/time hasn't been settled on
+ * yet - don't treat results as comparable across platforms until this is
+ * replaced with a real per-platform implementation. Only the difference
+ * between two calls is meaningful, never the raw value itself.
+ *
+ * @return A tick value, in nanoseconds. 0 on unimplemented platforms.
+ */
+uint64_t perfGetTick(void);
+
+/**
+ * Pushes a new item onto the perf stack, capturing the current tick (see
+ * perfGetTick) as its start time. Prefer the perfPush() macro, which
+ * supplies file/line automatically.
+ *
+ * @param label Short caller-supplied memo of what this item represents
+ *   (e.g. "frame start") - stored by pointer, not copied, so pass a
+ *   string literal or something that otherwise outlives the push.
+ * @param file Source file the push originated from (e.g. __FILE__).
+ * @param line Source line the push originated from (e.g. __LINE__).
+ */
+void perfPushItem(
+  const char_t *label, const char_t *file, const int32_t line
+);
+
+/**
+ * Pops the most recently pushed perf item off the stack.
+ */
+void perfPopItem(void);
+
+/**
+ * Reports on the item currently at the top of the perf stack (the most
+ * recently pushed one still awaiting its perfPopItem), if any.
+ */
+void perfReport(void);
+
+/**
+ * Pushes a new perf item onto the stack, tagged with the call site this
+ * macro is expanded at.
+ *
+ * @param label Short memo of what this item represents (e.g. "frame
+ *   start") - see perfPushItem.
+ */
+#define perfPush(label) perfPushItem(label, __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+/**
+ * Pops the most recently pushed perf item off the stack.
+ */
+#define perfPop() perfPopItem()

src/dusk/perf/perfitem.h

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  const char_t *label;
+  int32_t line;
+  const char_t *file;
+  uint64_t tick;
+} perfitem_t;

src/dusk/thread/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    thread.c
+    threadmutex.c
+)

src/dusk/thread/thread.c

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "thread.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+void threadInit(thread_t *thread, const threadcallback_t callback) {
+  assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+  assertNotNull(callback, "Thread callback cannot be NULL.");
+
+  memoryZero(thread, sizeof(thread_t));
+  threadMutexInit(&thread->stateMutex);
+
+  thread->state = THREAD_STATE_STOPPED;
+  thread->callback = callback;
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    thread->threadId = 0;
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadStartRequest(thread_t *thread) {
+  assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+
+  threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  thread->state = THREAD_STATE_STARTING;
+  threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    assertTrue(thread->threadId == 0, "Thread id not 0.");
+
+    pthread_create(
+      &thread->threadId,
+      NULL,
+      (void * (*)(void *))threadHandler,
+      thread
+    );
+    pthread_detach(thread->threadId);
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadStopRequest(thread_t *thread) {
+  assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+
+  
+  threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  if(thread->state != THREAD_STATE_STOPPED) {
+    thread->state = THREAD_STATE_STOP_REQUESTED;
+  }
+  threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+}
+
+void threadStart(thread_t *thread) {
+  assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+
+  threadStartRequest(thread);
+  threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  while(thread->state == THREAD_STATE_STARTING) {
+    threadMutexWaitLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  }
+  threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+}
+
+void threadStop(thread_t *thread) {
+  assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+  threadStopRequest(thread);
+  threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  while(thread->state != THREAD_STATE_STOPPED) {
+    threadMutexWaitLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  }
+  threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+}
+
+bool_t threadShouldStop(thread_t *thread) {
+  bool_t state;
+  assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+
+  threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  switch(thread->state) {
+    case THREAD_STATE_STOPPED:
+    case THREAD_STATE_STOP_REQUESTED:
+      state = true;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      state = false;
+      break;
+  }
+  threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+  return state;
+}
+
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  void * threadHandler(thread_t *thread) {
+    assertNotNull(thread, "Thread cannot be NULL.");
+
+    threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+    thread->state = THREAD_STATE_RUNNING;
+    threadMutexSignal(&thread->stateMutex);
+    threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+
+    // Send to callback.
+    thread->callback(thread);
+    
+    threadMutexLock(&thread->stateMutex);
+    thread->state = THREAD_STATE_STOPPED;
+    thread->threadId = 0;
+    threadMutexSignal(&thread->stateMutex);
+    threadMutexUnlock(&thread->stateMutex);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+#endif

src/dusk/thread/thread.h

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "thread/threadlocal.h"
+#include "thread/threadmutex.h"
+
+typedef struct thread_s thread_t;
+
+typedef void (*threadcallback_t)(thread_t *thread);
+
+typedef enum {
+  // Thread is definitely not running.
+  THREAD_STATE_STOPPED,
+
+  // Start has been requested, it may even be started by the time you
+  // see this value.
+  THREAD_STATE_STARTING,
+
+  // Thread has definitely started and is running.
+  THREAD_STATE_RUNNING,
+
+  // Something has requested the thread to stop, but it may not have
+  // stopped yet.
+  THREAD_STATE_STOP_REQUESTED,
+} threadstate_t;
+
+typedef struct thread_s {
+  threadstate_t state;
+  threadmutex_t stateMutex;
+  threadcallback_t callback;
+  void *data;
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_t threadId;
+  #endif
+} thread_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a thread structure.
+ * 
+ * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to initialize.
+ * @param callback The callback function to be called when the thread runs.
+ */
+void threadInit(thread_t *thread, const threadcallback_t callback);
+
+/**
+ * Starts the thread, does not wait for it to finish starting.
+ * 
+ * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to start.
+ */
+void threadStartRequest(thread_t *thread);
+
+/**
+ * Requests the thread to stop, does not block the calling thread.
+ * 
+ * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to stop.
+ */
+void threadStopRequest(thread_t *thread);
+
+/**
+ * Starts the thread, blocking until it has started. Does this as efficiently as
+ * possible depending on the threading implementation. Note that it is possible
+ * for the thread to fully COMPLETE before this function returns.
+ * 
+ * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to start.
+ */
+void threadStart(thread_t *thread);
+
+/**
+ * Stops the thread, blocking until it has stopped. Does this as efficiently as
+ * possible depending on the threading implementation. Note that it is possible
+ * for the thread to fully COMPLETE well before this function returns.
+ * 
+ * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to stop.
+ */
+void threadStop(thread_t *thread);
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the thread should stop, based on its state.
+ * 
+ * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to check.
+ * @return true if the thread should stop, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t threadShouldStop(thread_t *thread);
+
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  /**
+   * Handles the thread's lifecycle for pthreads.
+   * @param thread Pointer to the thread structure to handle.
+   */
+  void * threadHandler(thread_t *thread);
+#endif

src/dusk/thread/threadlocal.h

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  #define THREAD_LOCAL __thread
+#endif
+
+#ifndef THREAD_LOCAL
+  #error "No threading implementation found, cannot define THREAD_LOCAL."
+#endif

src/dusk/thread/threadmutex.c

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "threadmutex.h"
+
+void threadMutexInit(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_mutex_init(&lock->mutex, NULL);
+    pthread_cond_init(&lock->cond, NULL);
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadMutexLock(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&lock->mutex);
+  #endif
+}
+
+bool_t threadMutexTryLock(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    return pthread_mutex_trylock(&lock->mutex) == 0;
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadMutexUnlock(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock->mutex);
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadMutexWaitLock(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_cond_wait(&lock->cond, &lock->mutex);
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadMutexSignal(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_cond_signal(&lock->cond);
+  #endif
+}
+
+void threadMutexDispose(threadmutex_t *lock) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&lock->mutex);
+    pthread_cond_destroy(&lock->cond);
+  #endif
+}

src/dusk/thread/threadmutex.h

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+#ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+  #include <pthread.h>
+#else
+  #error "At least one threading implementation must be defined."
+#endif
+
+typedef struct threadlock_t {
+  #ifdef DUSK_THREAD_PTHREAD
+    pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+    pthread_cond_t cond;
+  #endif
+} threadmutex_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a thread mutex.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to initialize.
+ */
+void threadMutexInit(threadmutex_t *lock);
+
+/**
+ * Locks the thread mutex.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to lock.
+ */
+void threadMutexLock(threadmutex_t *lock);
+
+/**
+ * Attempts to lock the thread mutex without blocking.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to try locking.
+ * @return true if the lock was acquired, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t threadMutexTryLock(threadmutex_t *lock);
+
+/**
+ * Unlocks the thread mutex.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to unlock.
+ */
+void threadMutexUnlock(threadmutex_t *lock);
+
+/**
+ * Releases the thread mutex and waits for it to be locked again.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to wait on.
+ */
+void threadMutexWaitLock(threadmutex_t *lock);
+
+/**
+ * Signals the thread mutex, allowing a waiting thread to proceed as soon as 
+ * this mutex is unlocked.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to signal.
+ */
+void threadMutexSignal(threadmutex_t *lock);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes of the thread mutex.
+ * 
+ * @param lock Pointer to the thread mutex structure to dispose.
+ */
+void threadMutexDispose(threadmutex_t *lock);

src/dusk/time/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+# 
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    time.c
+    timeepoch.c
+)

src/dusk/time/time.c

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "time.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+#include "console/console.h"
+
+dusktime_t TIME;
+
+void timeInit(void) {
+  memoryZero(&TIME, sizeof(TIME));
+
+  // Set these to something non-zero.
+  TIME.time = DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+  TIME.delta = DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+    TIME.dynamicTime = DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+    TIME.dynamicDelta = DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+    TIME.dynamicUpdate = false;
+    TIME.lastNonDynamic = TIME.dynamicTime;
+  #endif
+}
+
+void timeUpdate(void) {
+  #ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+    timeTickPlatform();
+    TIME.dynamicDelta = timeGetDeltaPlatform();
+    TIME.dynamicTime += TIME.dynamicDelta;
+    TIME.dynamicUpdate = true;
+
+    assertTrue(TIME.dynamicDelta >= 0.0f, "Time delta is negative");
+
+    // Is within 1ms of a full step?
+    if(TIME.dynamicTime - TIME.lastNonDynamic >= DUSK_TIME_STEP * 0.999f) {
+      TIME.dynamicUpdate = false;
+      TIME.lastNonDynamic = TIME.dynamicTime;
+      TIME.delta = DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+      TIME.time += DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+    }
+  #else
+    TIME.delta = DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+    TIME.time += DUSK_TIME_STEP;
+  #endif
+
+  // Print time in UTC style string
+  dusktimeepoch_t epoch = timeGetEpoch();
+  char_t buffer[256];
+  timeEpochFormat(epoch, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+  // consolePrint("Real Time: %s", buffer);
+}
+
+dusktimeepoch_t timeGetEpoch(void) {
+  return timeEpochInit(timeGetRealPlatform(), timeGetRealTimeZonePlatform());
+}

src/dusk/time/time.h

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "timeepoch.h"
+#include "time/timeplatform.h"
+
+#ifndef DUSK_TIME_STEP
+  #define DUSK_TIME_STEP (16.0f / 1000.0f)
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Converts a fixed-step tick count to a duration in seconds.
+ * 
+ * @param ticks The number of ticks to convert.
+ * @return The duration in seconds.
+ */
+#define TIME_TICKS_TO_TIME(ticks) ((float_t)(ticks) * DUSK_TIME_STEP)
+
+/**
+ * Converts a duration in seconds to a fixed-step tick count.
+ *
+ * @param seconds The duration in seconds to convert.
+ * @return The number of ticks.
+ */
+#define TIME_TIME_TO_TICKS(seconds) ((int32_t)((seconds) / DUSK_TIME_STEP))
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+  #ifndef timeTickPlatform
+    #error "DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC needs tick method defined"
+  #endif
+  #ifndef timeGetDeltaPlatform
+    #error "DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC needs delta method defined"
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  float_t delta;
+  float_t time;
+
+  #ifdef DUSK_TIME_DYNAMIC
+    float_t lastNonDynamic;
+    bool_t dynamicUpdate;
+    float_t dynamicDelta;
+    float_t dynamicTime;
+  #endif
+} dusktime_t;
+
+extern dusktime_t TIME;
+
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the time system.
+ */
+void timeInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the time system
+ */
+void timeUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the current epoch time, in seconds since January 1, 1970, with the
+ * current time zone offset applied.
+ * 
+ * @return The current epoch time.
+ */
+dusktimeepoch_t timeGetEpoch(void);

src/dusk/time/timeepoch.c

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "time.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+dusktimeepoch_t timeEpochInit(const double_t time, const double_t timeZone) {
+  dusktimeepoch_t epoch;
+  epoch.time = time;
+  epoch.timeZone = timeZone;
+  epoch.offsetTime = time + timeZone;
+  return epoch;
+}
+
+dusktimeepoch_t timeEpochSwitchTimeZone(
+  const dusktimeepoch_t epoch,
+  const double_t offset
+) {
+  return timeEpochInit(
+    epoch.time + offset - epoch.timeZone,
+    offset
+  );
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochCompare(const dusktimeepoch_t a, const dusktimeepoch_t b) {
+  if(a.time < b.time) return -1;
+  if(a.time > b.time) return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochGetHours(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch) {
+  return ((int32_t)(epoch.offsetTime / 3600.0)) % 24;
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochGetMinutes(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch) {
+  return ((int32_t)(epoch.offsetTime / 60.0)) % 60;
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochGetSeconds(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch) {
+  return ((int32_t)(epoch.offsetTime)) % 60;
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochGetDayOfMonth(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch) {
+  int64_t days = (int64_t)(epoch.offsetTime / 86400.0);
+
+  int32_t year = TIME_EPOCH_START_YEAR;
+
+  while(1) {
+    int32_t daysInYear = TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR(year);
+    if(days < daysInYear) break;
+
+    days -= daysInYear;
+    year++;
+  }
+
+  int32_t month = timeEpochGetMonth(epoch);
+
+  for(int32_t i = 0; i < month - 1; i++) {
+    int32_t daysInMonth = TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_MONTH[i];
+
+    if(i == 1 && timeEpochIsLeapYear(year)) {
+      daysInMonth = 29;
+    }
+
+    days -= daysInMonth;
+  }
+
+  return (int32_t)days + 1;
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochGetMonth(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch) {
+  int64_t days = (int64_t)(epoch.offsetTime / 86400.0);
+
+  int32_t year = TIME_EPOCH_START_YEAR;
+
+  while(1) {
+    int32_t daysInYear = TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR(year);
+    if(days < daysInYear) break;
+
+    days -= daysInYear;
+    year++;
+  }
+
+  for(int32_t month = 0; month < 12; month++) {
+    int32_t daysInMonth = TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_MONTH[month];
+
+    if(month == 1 && timeEpochIsLeapYear(year)) daysInMonth = 29;
+    if(days < daysInMonth) return month + 1;
+    days -= daysInMonth;
+  }
+
+  return -1;
+}
+
+int32_t timeEpochGetYear(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch) {
+  int64_t days = (int64_t)(epoch.offsetTime / 86400.0);
+  int32_t year = TIME_EPOCH_START_YEAR;
+
+  while(1) {
+    int32_t daysInYear = TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR(year);
+    if(days < daysInYear) return year;
+
+    days -= daysInYear;
+    year++;
+  }
+}
+
+bool_t timeEpochIsLeapYear(const int32_t year) {
+  return (
+    ((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100 != 0)) ||
+    (year % 400 == 0)
+  );
+}
+
+size_t timeEpochFormat(
+  const dusktimeepoch_t epoch,
+  const char_t* format,
+  char_t* buffer,
+  const size_t bufferSize
+) {
+  assertNotNull(format, "Format string cannot be null");
+  assertNotNull(buffer, "Buffer cannot be null");
+  assertTrue(bufferSize > 0, "Buffer size must be greater than 0");
+
+  size_t bufferIndex = 0;
+
+  for(size_t i = 0; format[i] != '\0'; i++) {
+    if(format[i] == '%') {
+      i++;
+      char_t formatSpecifier = format[i];
+
+      char_t tempBuffer[16];
+      size_t tempBufferIndex = 0;
+
+      switch(formatSpecifier) {
+        case 'Y':
+          tempBufferIndex = snprintf(
+            tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer), "%04d",
+            timeEpochGetYear(epoch)
+          );
+          break;
+        case 'm':
+          tempBufferIndex = snprintf(
+            tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer), "%02d",
+            timeEpochGetMonth(epoch)
+          );
+          break;
+        case 'd':
+          tempBufferIndex = snprintf(
+            tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer), "%02d",
+            timeEpochGetDayOfMonth(epoch)
+          );
+          break;
+        case 'H':
+          tempBufferIndex = snprintf(
+            tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer), "%02d",
+            timeEpochGetHours(epoch)
+          );
+          break;
+        case 'M':
+          tempBufferIndex = snprintf(
+            tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer), "%02d",
+            timeEpochGetMinutes(epoch)
+          );
+          break;
+        case 'S':
+          tempBufferIndex = snprintf(
+            tempBuffer, sizeof(tempBuffer), "%02d",
+            timeEpochGetSeconds(epoch)
+          );
+          break;
+        default:
+          continue;
+      }
+
+      for(size_t j = 0; j < tempBufferIndex; j++) {
+        if(bufferIndex < bufferSize - 1) {
+          buffer[bufferIndex++] = tempBuffer[j];
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if(bufferIndex < bufferSize - 1) {
+        buffer[bufferIndex++] = format[i];
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  buffer[bufferIndex] = '\0';
+  return bufferIndex;
+}

src/dusk/time/timeepoch.h

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  double_t time;
+  double_t timeZone;
+  double_t offsetTime;
+} dusktimeepoch_t;
+
+static const int32_t TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_MONTH[] = {
+  31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31
+};
+
+#define TIME_EPOCH_START_YEAR 1970
+#define TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR_NON_LEAP 365
+#define TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR_LEAP 366
+#define TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR(year) (\
+  timeEpochIsLeapYear(year) ? \
+  TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR_LEAP : \
+  TIME_EPOCH_DAYS_IN_YEAR_NON_LEAP\
+)
+
+/**
+ * Initializes an epoch time with the given time and time zone.
+ * 
+ * @param time The time in seconds since January 1, 1970.
+ * @param timeZone The time zone offset in seconds from UTC.
+ * @return The initialized epoch time.
+ */
+dusktimeepoch_t timeEpochInit(const double_t time, const double_t timeZone);
+
+/**
+ * Changes the time from one timezone to another.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to change the timezone of.
+ * @param offset The offset in seconds to change the timezone by.
+ * @return The epoch time with the timezone changed.
+ */
+dusktimeepoch_t timeEpochSwitchTimeZone(
+  const dusktimeepoch_t epoch,
+  const double_t offset
+);
+
+/**
+ * Compares two epoch times.
+ * 
+ * @param a The first epoch time.
+ * @param b The second epoch time.
+ * @return A negative value if a < b, zero if a == b, a positive value if a > b.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochCompare(const dusktimeepoch_t a, const dusktimeepoch_t b);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the hours component of the epoch time, in the range [0, 23]. This is
+ * in the timezone of the epoch.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to get the hours component of.
+ * @return The hours component of the epoch time.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochGetHours(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the minutes component of the epoch time, in the range [0, 59]. This
+ * is in the timezone of the epoch.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to get the minutes component of.
+ * @return The minutes component of the epoch time.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochGetMinutes(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the seconds component of the epoch time, in the range [0, 59]. This
+ * is in the timezone of the epoch.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to get the seconds component of.
+ * @return The seconds component of the epoch time.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochGetSeconds(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the day of the month component of the epoch time, in the range of [
+ * 0, 30]. This is in the timezone of the epoch. e.g. Jan 1st is 0, Jan 31st is
+ * 30.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to get the day of the month component of.
+ * @return The day of the month component of the epoch time.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochGetDayOfMonth(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the month component of the epoch time, in the range of [0, 11]. This
+ * is in the timezone of the epoch. e.g. Jan is 0, Dec is 11.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to get the month component of.
+ * @return The month component of the epoch time.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochGetMonth(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the year component of the epoch time. This is in the timezone of the
+ * epoch.
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to get the year component of.
+ * @return The year component of the epoch time.
+ */
+int32_t timeEpochGetYear(const dusktimeepoch_t epoch);
+
+/**
+ * Returns whether the given year is a leap year.
+ * 
+ * @param year The year to check if it is a leap year.
+ * @return Whether the given year is a leap year.
+ */
+bool_t timeEpochIsLeapYear(const int32_t year);
+
+/**
+ * Buffers the epoch time into a string according to the given format.
+ * 
+ * Format parameters:
+ * %Y - Year with century as a decimal number.
+ * %m - Month as a decimal number (01-12).
+ * %d - Day of the month as a decimal number (01-31).
+ * %H - Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number (00-23).
+ * %M - Minute as a decimal number (00-59).
+ * %S - Second as a decimal number (00-59).
+ * 
+ * @param epoch The epoch time to format.
+ * @param format The format string to format the epoch time with.
+ * @param buffer The buffer to write the formatted string to.
+ * @param bufferSize The size of the buffer to write the formatted string to.
+ * @return The number of characters written to the buffer, excluding the null
+ */
+size_t timeEpochFormat(
+  const dusktimeepoch_t epoch,
+  const char_t* format,
+  char_t* buffer,
+  const size_t bufferSize
+);

src/dusk/util/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 Dominic Masters
+# 
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+# Sources
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
+  PUBLIC
+    array.c
+    crypt.c
+    endian.c
+    memory.c
+    random.c
+    string.c
+    math.c
+    sort.c
+    ref.c
+)

src/dusk/util/array.c

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "array.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+void arrayReverse(
+  void *array,
+  const size_t count,
+  const size_t size
+) {
+  assertNotNull(array, "Cannot reverse NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Element size must be greater than zero.");
+
+  if(count == 0) return;
+  
+  // For half the array length, swap elements
+  uint8_t *start = (uint8_t*)array;
+  uint8_t *end = start + (count - 1) * size;
+  uint8_t *temp = (uint8_t*)memoryAllocate(size);
+
+  // Floorf
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i < count / 2; i++) {
+    // Swap start and end
+    memoryCopy(temp, start, size);
+    memoryCopy(start, end, size);
+    memoryCopy(end, temp, size);
+    start += size;
+    end -= size;
+  }
+
+  memoryFree(temp);
+}

src/dusk/util/array.h

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Reverses the order of elements in an array.
+ * 
+ * @param array The array to reverse.
+ * @param count The number of elements in the array.
+ * @param size The size of each element (the stride).
+ */
+void arrayReverse(
+  void *array,
+  const size_t count,
+  const size_t size
+);

src/dusk/util/crypt.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+
+void cryptCRC32Step(uint32_t *crc, const uint8_t byte) {
+  *crc ^= byte;
+  for(int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
+    *crc = (*crc >> 1) ^ (0xEDB88320u & -(*crc & 1u));
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t cryptCRC32Begin(void) {
+  return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+}
+
+void cryptCRC32Update(uint32_t *crc, const void *data, const size_t size) {
+  const uint8_t *bytes = (const uint8_t *)data;
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    cryptCRC32Step(crc, bytes[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+uint32_t cryptCRC32End(const uint32_t crc) {
+  return ~crc;
+}
+
+uint32_t cryptCRC32(const void *data, const size_t size) {
+  uint32_t crc = cryptCRC32Begin();
+  cryptCRC32Update(&crc, data, size);
+  return cryptCRC32End(crc);
+}

src/dusk/util/crypt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Computes a CRC32 checksum over a block of data.
+ *
+ * @param data Pointer to the data to checksum.
+ * @param size Number of bytes to checksum.
+ * @return The CRC32 checksum.
+ */
+uint32_t cryptCRC32(const void *data, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the initial CRC32 accumulator value.
+ *
+ * @return The initial accumulator.
+ */
+uint32_t cryptCRC32Begin(void);
+
+/**
+ * Feeds a single byte into a running CRC32 accumulator.
+ *
+ * @param crc  Pointer to the current accumulator (updated in place).
+ * @param byte The byte to feed in.
+ */
+void cryptCRC32Step(uint32_t *crc, const uint8_t byte);
+
+/**
+ * Feeds bytes into a running CRC32 accumulator.
+ *
+ * @param crc  Pointer to the current accumulator (updated in place).
+ * @param data Pointer to the data to feed in.
+ * @param size Number of bytes to process.
+ */
+void cryptCRC32Update(uint32_t *crc, const void *data, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Finalizes a running CRC32 accumulator and returns the checksum.
+ *
+ * @param crc The current accumulator value.
+ * @return The final CRC32 checksum.
+ */
+uint32_t cryptCRC32End(const uint32_t crc);

src/dusk/util/endian.c

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "util/endian.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+bool_t isHostLittleEndian(void) {
+  #if defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
+    return true;
+  #elif defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+    return false;
+  #else
+    uint32_t value = ENDIAN_MAGIC;
+    uint8_t *bytePtr = (uint8_t *)&value;
+    return bytePtr[0] == 0x04;
+  #endif
+
+}
+
+uint32_t endianLittleToHost32(uint32_t value) {
+  #if defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
+    return value;
+  #elif defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+    // Perform conversion below
+  #else
+    if(isHostLittleEndian()) {
+      return value;
+    }
+  #endif
+
+  return (
+    ((value & 0x000000FF) << 24) |
+    ((value & 0x0000FF00) <<  8) |
+    ((value & 0x00FF0000) >>  8) |
+    ((value & 0xFF000000) >> 24)
+  );
+}
+
+uint16_t endianLittleToHost16(uint16_t value) {
+  #if defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
+    return value;
+  #elif defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+    // Perform conversion below
+  #else
+    if(isHostLittleEndian()) {
+      return value;
+    }
+  #endif
+
+  return (uint16_t)(((value & 0x00FF) << 8) |
+                    ((value & 0xFF00) >> 8));
+}
+
+uint64_t endianLittleToHost64(uint64_t value) {
+  #if defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
+    return value;
+  #elif defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+    // Perform conversion below
+  #else
+    if(isHostLittleEndian()) {
+      return value;
+    }
+  #endif
+
+  return (
+    ((value & 0x00000000000000FFULL) << 56) |
+    ((value & 0x000000000000FF00ULL) << 40) |
+    ((value & 0x0000000000FF0000ULL) << 24) |
+    ((value & 0x00000000FF000000ULL) << 8)  |
+    ((value & 0x000000FF00000000ULL) >> 8)  |
+    ((value & 0x0000FF0000000000ULL) >> 24) |
+    ((value & 0x00FF000000000000ULL) >> 40) |
+    ((value & 0xFF00000000000000ULL) >> 56)
+  );
+}
+
+float_t endianLittleToHostFloat(float_t value) {
+  #if defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE)
+    return value;
+  #elif defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+    // Perform conversion below
+  #else
+    if(isHostLittleEndian()) {
+      return value;
+    }
+  #endif
+
+  uint32_t temp;
+  float_t result;
+  memoryCopy(&temp, &value, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  temp = endianLittleToHost32(temp);
+  memoryCopy(&result, &temp, sizeof(uint32_t));
+  
+  return result;
+}
+

src/dusk/util/endian.h

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+#if !defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_LITTLE) && !defined(DUSK_PLATFORM_ENDIAN_BIG)
+  #warning "Platform does not define endianness, requiring runtime check."
+#endif
+
+
+static const uint32_t ENDIAN_MAGIC = 0x01020304;
+
+/**
+ * Checks if the host system is little-endian.
+ * 
+ * @return true if the host is little-endian, false otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t isHostLittleEndian(void);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a 32-bit integer from little-endian to host byte order.
+ * 
+ * @param value The little-endian value to convert.
+ * @return The value in host byte order.
+ */
+uint32_t endianLittleToHost32(uint32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a 16-bit integer from little-endian to host byte order.
+ * @param value The little-endian value to convert.
+ * @return The value in host byte order.
+ */
+uint16_t endianLittleToHost16(uint16_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a 64-bit integer from little-endian to host byte order.
+ * @param value The little-endian value to convert.
+ * @return The value in host byte order.
+ */
+uint64_t endianLittleToHost64(uint64_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a float from little-endian to host byte order.
+ * 
+ * @param value The little-endian value to convert.
+ * @return The value in host byte order.
+ */
+float_t endianLittleToHostFloat(float_t value);

src/dusk/util/math.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "math.h"
+
+uint32_t mathNextPowTwo(uint32_t value) {
+  if(value == 0) return 1; // Handle zero case
+  if(value >= 0x80000000) return 1; // Handle overflow case
+
+  value--;
+  value |= value >> 1;
+  value |= value >> 2;
+  value |= value >> 4;
+  value |= value >> 8;
+  value |= value >> 16;
+  return value + 1;
+}
+
+float_t mathModFloat(float_t x, float_t y) {
+  float_t result = fmodf(x, y);
+  if(result < 0) result += y;
+  return result;
+}
+
+float_t mathLerp(float_t a, float_t b, float_t t) {
+  return a + t * (b - a);
+}

src/dusk/util/math.h

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+#define MATH_PI M_PI
+
+/**
+ * Finds the next power of two greater than or equal to the given value.
+ * 
+ * @param value The value to find the next power of two for.
+ * @return The next power of two greater than or equal to the value.
+ */
+uint32_t mathNextPowTwo(uint32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the maximum of two values.
+ * 
+ * @param a The first value.
+ * @param b The second value.
+ * @return The maximum of the two values.
+ */
+#define mathMax(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+/**
+ * Returns the minimum of two values.
+ * 
+ * @param a The first value.
+ * @param b The second value.
+ * @return The minimum of the two values.
+ */
+#define mathMin(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+/**
+ * Clamps a value between a lower and upper bound.
+ * 
+ * @param x The value to clamp.
+ * @param lower The lower bound.
+ * @param upper The upper bound.
+ * @return The clamped value.
+ */
+#define mathClamp(x, lower, upper) (mathMin(upper, mathMax(lower, x)))
+
+/**
+ * Integer ceiling division: ceil(n / d) using only integer arithmetic.
+ *
+ * @param n The dividend.
+ * @param d The divisor.
+ * @return The ceiling of n divided by d.
+ */
+#define mathCeilDiv(n, d) (((n) + (d) - 1) / (d))
+
+/**
+ * Returns the absolute value of a number.
+ * 
+ * @param amt The number to get the absolute value of.
+ * @return The absolute value of the number.
+ */
+#define mathAbs(amt) ((amt) < 0 ? -(amt) : (amt))
+
+/**
+ * Performs a modulus operation that always returns a non-negative result, even
+ * if the dividend is negative.
+ * 
+ * @param x The dividend.
+ * @param y The divisor.
+ * @return The result of the modulus operation.
+ */
+float_t mathModFloat(float_t x, float_t y);
+
+/**
+ * Linearly interpolates between two values.
+ * 
+ * @param a The start value.
+ * @param b The end value.
+ * @param t The interpolation factor, between 0 and 1.
+ * @return The interpolated value.
+ */
+float_t mathLerp(float_t a, float_t b, float_t t);

src/dusk/util/memory.c

@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "memory.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/math.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY
+
+// Fixed-size, pre-allocated table of live memoryAllocate() calls, keyed by
+// pointer - deliberately never grows (backed by static storage, not
+// malloc) so the tracker itself can never allocate, recurse or leak. Raise
+// this if it's ever exhausted (see the assert in memoryAllocateTracked).
+#define MEMORY_TRACK_MAX 16384
+
+typedef struct {
+  void *ptr;
+  const char_t *file;
+  int_t line;
+  size_t size;
+} memorytrackentry_t;
+
+static memorytrackentry_t MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES[MEMORY_TRACK_MAX];
+static size_t MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT = 0;
+
+#endif
+
+size_t memoryGetAllocatedCount(void) {
+  return MEMORY_POINTERS_IN_USE;
+}
+
+void memoryTrack(void *ptr) {
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Cannot track NULL pointer.");
+  MEMORY_POINTERS_IN_USE++;
+}
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY
+
+void * memoryAllocateTracked(
+  const size_t size, const char_t *file, const int_t line
+) {
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot allocate 0 bytes of memory.");
+  void *ptr = malloc(size);
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Memory allocation failed.");
+  memoryTrack(ptr);
+
+  assertTrue(
+    MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT < MEMORY_TRACK_MAX,
+    "Memory tracking table is full - raise MEMORY_TRACK_MAX."
+  );
+  MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES[MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT++] = (memorytrackentry_t){
+    .ptr = ptr,
+    .file = file,
+    .line = line,
+    .size = size
+  };
+
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+#else
+
+void * memoryAllocate(const size_t size) {
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot allocate 0 bytes of memory.");
+  void *ptr = malloc(size);
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Memory allocation failed.");
+  memoryTrack(ptr);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+void * memoryAlign(size_t alignment, size_t size) {
+  assertTrue(alignment > 0, "Alignment must be greater than 0.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot allocate 0 bytes of memory.");
+  void *ptr = memalign(alignment, size);
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Aligned memory allocation failed.");
+  memoryTrack(ptr);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+void memoryCheckUnfreed(void) {
+  size_t count = memoryGetAllocatedCount();
+  if(count == 0) {
+    logDebug("memoryCheckUnfreed: no unfreed allocations.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY
+  logDebug("memoryCheckUnfreed: %zu unfreed allocation(s):\n", count);
+
+  size_t trackedBytes = 0;
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT; i++) {
+    memorytrackentry_t *entry = &MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES[i];
+    logDebug(
+      "  - %zu bytes allocated at %s:%d\n",
+      entry->size, entry->file, entry->line
+    );
+    trackedBytes += entry->size;
+  }
+  logDebug("  (%zu bytes across %zu tracked allocations)\n",
+    trackedBytes, MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT
+  );
+
+  // memoryAlign()/memoryTrack() callers aren't recorded into
+  // MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES yet, so the tracked count can fall short of the
+  // real total - call that out rather than silently under-reporting.
+  size_t untracked = count - MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT;
+  if(untracked > 0) {
+    logDebug(
+      "  + %zu more unfreed allocation(s) with no call site recorded "
+      "(from memoryAlign()/memoryTrack())\n",
+      untracked
+    );
+  }
+#else
+  logDebug(
+    "memoryCheckUnfreed: %zu unfreed allocation(s) - rebuild with "
+    "DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY=ON for call site details.\n",
+    count
+  );
+#endif
+}
+
+void memoryFree(void *ptr) {
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Cannot free NULL memory.");
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY
+  // Only pointers from memoryAllocate() are in here (memoryAlign/
+  // memoryTrack callers aren't tracked yet), so a miss here is expected,
+  // not an error - just leave the table alone.
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT; i++) {
+    if(MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES[i].ptr == ptr) {
+      // Swap-remove - order doesn't matter for leak tracking.
+      MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES[i] = MEMORY_TRACK_ENTRIES[--MEMORY_TRACK_COUNT];
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  free(ptr);
+  MEMORY_POINTERS_IN_USE--;
+}
+
+void memoryCopy(void *dest, const void *src, const size_t size) {
+  assertNotNull(dest, "Cannot copy to NULL memory.");
+  assertNotNull(src, "Cannot copy from NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot copy 0 bytes of memory.");
+  assertTrue(dest != src, "Cannot copy memory to itself.");
+
+  // Check for overlapping regions
+  assertTrue(
+    ((uint8_t*)dest + size <= (uint8_t*)src) ||
+    ((uint8_t*)src + size <= (uint8_t*)dest),
+    "Source and destination memory regions overlap."
+  );
+
+  memcpy(dest, src, size);
+}
+
+void memorySet(void *dest, const uint8_t value, const size_t size) {
+  assertNotNull(dest, "Cannot set NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot set 0 bytes of memory.");
+  memset(dest, value, size);
+}
+
+void memoryZero(void *dest, const size_t size) {
+  memorySet(dest, 0, size);
+}
+
+void memoryCopyRangeSafe(
+  void *dest,
+  const void *start,
+  const void *end,
+  const size_t sizeMax
+) {
+  assertFalse(start == end, "Start and end pointers are the same.");
+  assertTrue(end > start, "End pointer is not after start pointer.");
+  
+  size_t copy = (size_t)end - (size_t)start;
+  assertTrue(copy <= sizeMax, "Size of memory to copy is too large.");
+  memoryCopy(dest, start, copy);
+}
+
+void memoryMove(void *dest, const void *src, const size_t size) {
+  assertNotNull(dest, "Cannot move to NULL memory.");
+  assertNotNull(src, "Cannot move from NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot move 0 bytes of memory.");
+  assertTrue(dest != src, "Cannot move memory to itself.");
+  memmove(dest, src, size);
+}
+
+int_t memoryCompare(
+  const void *a,
+  const void *b,
+  const size_t size
+) {
+  assertNotNull(a, "Cannot compare NULL memory.");
+  assertNotNull(b, "Cannot compare NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(size >= 0, "Cannot compare negative bytes of memory.");
+
+  if(size == 0) return 0; // Comparing 0 bytes is always equal
+  
+  return memcmp(a, b, size);
+}
+
+void memoryReallocate(void **ptr, const size_t size) {
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Cannot reallocate NULL pointer.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Cannot reallocate to 0 bytes of memory.");
+  void *newPointer = memoryAllocate(size);
+  assertNotNull(newPointer, "Memory reallocation failed.");
+  memoryFree(*ptr);
+  *ptr = newPointer;
+}
+
+void memoryCopyInterleaved(
+  void *dest,
+  const size_t destStride,
+  const void *src,
+  const size_t srcStride,
+  const size_t elementSize,
+  const size_t count
+) {
+  assertNotNull(dest, "Cannot copy to NULL memory.");
+  assertNotNull(src, "Cannot copy from NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(elementSize > 0, "Element size must be > 0.");
+  assertTrue(destStride >= elementSize, "Dest stride must be >= element size.");
+  assertTrue(srcStride >= elementSize, "Src stride must be >= element size.");
+
+  uint8_t *d = (uint8_t *)dest;
+  const uint8_t *s = (const uint8_t *)src;
+  for(size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+    memoryCopy(d, s, elementSize);
+    d += destStride;
+    s += srcStride;
+  }
+}
+
+void memoryResize(void **ptr, const size_t oldSize, const size_t newSize) {
+  assertNotNull(ptr, "Cannot resize NULL pointer.");
+  assertTrue(newSize > 0, "Cannot resize to 0 bytes of memory.");
+  assertTrue(oldSize > 0, "Old size cannot be 0 bytes.");
+  if(newSize == oldSize) return;
+
+  void *newPointer = memoryAllocate(newSize);
+  assertNotNull(newPointer, "Memory resizing failed.");
+  memoryCopy(newPointer, *ptr, mathMin(oldSize, newSize));
+  memoryFree(*ptr);
+  *ptr = newPointer;
+}

src/dusk/util/memory.h

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+static size_t MEMORY_POINTERS_IN_USE = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Gets the number of currently allocated memory blocks.
+ * 
+ * @return The number of allocated memory blocks.
+ */
+size_t memoryGetAllocatedCount(void);
+
+/**
+ * Track a pointer that was malloc'd outside of the dusk engine.
+ *
+ * @param ptr The pointer to track.
+ */
+void memoryTrack(void *ptr);
+
+/**
+ * Reports (via logDebug) whether any memoryAllocate()-family allocation is
+ * still outstanding - intended to be called once, near shutdown, after
+ * every subsystem has had a chance to dispose (see engineDispose). With
+ * DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY defined, prints exactly where (file:line) and how many
+ * bytes each still-unfreed allocation came from; without it, there's
+ * nowhere to report a call site from, so it only prints how many blocks
+ * remain outstanding.
+ */
+void memoryCheckUnfreed(void);
+
+#ifdef DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY
+
+/**
+ * Allocates memory, recording the call site (file/line) into a small
+ * fixed-size tracking table so a block still allocated at shutdown (see
+ * engineDispose's memoryGetAllocatedCount() check) can be traced back to
+ * where it came from. memoryFree removes the matching entry again once the
+ * pointer is freed. Only called via the memoryAllocate(size) macro below
+ * when DUSK_TRACK_MEMORY is defined - callers keep writing
+ * memoryAllocate(size) exactly as without it.
+ *
+ * @param size The size of the memory to allocate.
+ * @param file Call site file name (__FILE__).
+ * @param line Call site line number (__LINE__).
+ * @return The allocated memory.
+ */
+void * memoryAllocateTracked(
+  const size_t size, const char_t *file, const int_t line
+);
+
+#define memoryAllocate(size) \
+  memoryAllocateTracked((size), __FILE__, __LINE__)
+
+#else
+
+/**
+ * Allocates memory.
+ *
+ * @param size The size of the memory to allocate.
+ * @return The allocated memory.
+ */
+void * memoryAllocate(const size_t size);
+
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Allocates aligned memory.
+ * 
+ * @param alignment The alignment of the memory to allocate.
+ * @param size The size of the memory to allocate.
+ * @return The allocated memory.
+ */
+void * memoryAlign(size_t alignment, size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Frees memory.
+ * 
+ * @param ptr The memory to free.
+ */
+void memoryFree(void *ptr);
+
+/**
+ * Copies memory.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination to copy to.
+ * @param src The source to copy from.
+ * @param size The size of the memory to copy.
+ */
+void memoryCopy(void *dest, const void *src, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Sets memory.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination to set.
+ * @param value The value to set.
+ * @param size The size of the memory to set.
+ */
+void memorySet(void *dest, const uint8_t value, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Zeroes memory.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination to zero.
+ * @param size The size of the memory to zero.
+ */
+void memoryZero(void *dest, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Copies memory, ensuring that the memory range is as expected, typically this
+ * is done if you're trying to reshape data in a buffer. Extremely useful in
+ * copying data to a shader buffer.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination to copy to.
+ * @param start The start of the source to copy from.
+ * @param end The end of the source to copy from.
+ * @param sizeMax The maximum size of the memory to copy.
+ */
+void memoryCopyRangeSafe(
+  void *dest,
+  const void *start,
+  const void *end,
+  const size_t sizeMax
+);
+
+/**
+ * Moves memory.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination to move to.
+ * @param src The source to move from.
+ * @param size The size of the memory to move.
+ */
+void memoryMove(void *dest, const void *src, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Compares memory.
+ * 
+ * @param a The first memory to compare.
+ * @param b The second memory to compare.
+ * @param size The size of the memory to compare.
+ * @return 0 if the memory is equal, < 0 if a < b, > 0 if a > b.
+ */
+int_t memoryCompare(
+  const void *a,
+  const void *b,
+  const size_t size
+);
+
+/**
+ * Reallocates memory.
+ * 
+ * @param ptr The pointer to the memory to reallocate.
+ * @param size The new size of the memory.
+ */
+void memoryReallocate(void **ptr, const size_t size);
+
+/**
+ * Reallocates memory, but copies existing data to the new memory.
+ *
+ * @param ptr The pointer to the memory to resize.
+ * @param oldSize The old size of the memory.
+ * @param newSize The new size of the memory.
+ */
+void memoryResize(void **ptr, const size_t oldSize, const size_t newSize);
+
+/**
+ * Scatter-copies elements from a contiguous source array into a strided
+ * destination. For each of count elements, copies elementSize bytes from
+ * src[i * srcStride] into dest[i * destStride].
+ *
+ * @param dest        Base destination pointer.
+ * @param destStride  Byte stride between destination slots.
+ * @param src         Base source pointer.
+ * @param srcStride   Byte stride between source elements.
+ * @param elementSize Bytes to copy per element.
+ * @param count       Number of elements to copy.
+ */
+void memoryCopyInterleaved(
+  void *dest,
+  const size_t destStride,
+  const void *src,
+  const size_t srcStride,
+  const size_t elementSize,
+  const size_t count
+);

src/dusk/util/random.c

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "random.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+float_t randomFloat(const float_t min, const float_t max) {
+  return min + ((float_t)rand() / (float_t)RAND_MAX) * (max - min);
+}
+
+int_t randomInt(const int_t min, const int_t max) {
+  return min + (rand() % (max - min));
+}

src/dusk/util/random.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Returns a random float between min (inclusive) and max (exclusive).
+ *
+ * @param min Lower bound.
+ * @param max Upper bound.
+ * @returns A random float in [min, max).
+ */
+float_t randomFloat(const float_t min, const float_t max);
+
+/**
+ * Returns a random integer between min (inclusive) and max (exclusive).
+ *
+ * @param min Lower bound.
+ * @param max Upper bound.
+ * @returns A random integer in [min, max).
+ */
+int_t randomInt(const int_t min, const int_t max);

src/dusk/util/ref.c

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "ref.h"
+#include "memory.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+void refInit(
+  ref_t *ref,
+  void *data,
+  refcallback_t onLock,
+  refcallback_t onUnlock,
+  refcallback_t onAllUnlocked
+) {
+  assertNotNull(ref, "Ref cannot be NULL.");
+  memoryZero(ref, sizeof(ref_t));
+  ref->count = 0;
+  ref->data = data;
+  ref->onLock = onLock;
+  ref->onUnlock = onUnlock;
+  ref->onAllUnlocked = onAllUnlocked;
+}
+
+void refLock(ref_t *ref) {
+  assertNotNull(ref, "Ref cannot be NULL.");
+  assertTrue(ref->count >= 0, "Cannot lock a ref with negative count.");
+  ref->count++;
+  if(ref->onLock != NULL) ref->onLock(ref);
+}
+
+bool_t refUnlock(ref_t *ref) {
+  assertNotNull(ref, "Ref cannot be NULL.");
+  assertTrue(ref->count >= 0, "Cannot unlock a ref with negative count.");
+
+  ref->count--;
+
+  if(ref->count > 0) {
+    if(ref->onUnlock != NULL) ref->onUnlock(ref);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  void *data = ref->data;
+  refcallback_t onAllUnlocked = ref->onAllUnlocked;
+  memoryZero(ref, sizeof(ref_t));
+  ref->data = data;
+  if(onAllUnlocked != NULL) onAllUnlocked(ref);
+  return true;
+}

src/dusk/util/ref.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+typedef struct ref_s ref_t;
+typedef void (*refcallback_t)(ref_t *ref);
+
+typedef struct ref_s {
+  uint32_t count;
+  void *data;
+  refcallback_t onLock;
+  refcallback_t onUnlock;
+  refcallback_t onAllUnlocked;
+} ref_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes a ref with a count of 1.
+ *
+ * @param ref       The ref to initialize.
+ * @param data      Opaque context pointer accessible to all callbacks.
+ * @param onLock    Called each time the ref is locked. May be NULL.
+ * @param onUnlock  Called each time the ref is unlocked (count still > 0).
+ *                  May be NULL.
+ * @param onAllUnlocked  Called when the count reaches zero. Responsible for
+ *                       any cleanup. May be NULL.
+ */
+void refInit(
+  ref_t *ref,
+  void *data,
+  refcallback_t onLock,
+  refcallback_t onUnlock,
+  refcallback_t onAllUnlocked
+);
+
+/**
+ * Increments the lock count.
+ *
+ * @param ref The ref to lock.
+ */
+void refLock(ref_t *ref);
+
+/**
+ * Decrements the lock count. When it reaches zero onAllUnlocked is called
+ * (if set) and the ref struct is zeroed.
+ *
+ * @param ref The ref to unlock.
+ * @return true if the count reached zero.
+ */
+bool_t refUnlock(ref_t *ref);

src/dusk/util/sort.c

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "sort.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+void sortBubble(
+  void *array,
+  const size_t count,
+  const size_t size,
+  const sortcompare_t compare
+) {
+  assertNotNull(array, "Cannot sort NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(count > 0, "Cannot sort 0 elements.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Element size must be greater than zero.");
+  assertNotNull(compare, "Compare function cannot be NULL.");
+
+  // Create variables
+  uint8_t *temp = (uint8_t*)memoryAllocate(size);
+  bool_t swapped;
+  uint8_t *a, *b;
+  size_t i;
+
+  do {
+    swapped = false;
+    for(i = 1; i < count; i++) {
+      a = array + (i - 1) * size;
+      b = array + i * size;
+      if(compare(a, b) > 0) {
+        // Swap
+        memoryCopy(temp, a, size);
+        memoryCopy(a, b, size);
+        memoryCopy(b, temp, size);
+        swapped = true;
+      }
+    }
+  } while(swapped);
+
+  memoryFree(temp);
+}
+
+void sortQuick(
+  void *array,
+  const size_t count,
+  const size_t size,
+  const sortcompare_t compare
+) {
+  assertNotNull(array, "Cannot sort NULL memory.");
+  assertTrue(count > 0, "Cannot sort 0 elements.");
+  assertTrue(size > 0, "Element size must be greater than zero.");
+  assertNotNull(compare, "Compare function cannot be NULL.");
+
+  // qsort expects a comparator returning int, which matches sortcompare_t
+  qsort(array, count, size, compare);
+}
+
+int sortArrayU8Compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  uint8_t valA = *(const uint8_t*)a;
+  uint8_t valB = *(const uint8_t*)b;
+  return (valA > valB) - (valA < valB);
+}
+
+void sortArrayU8(uint8_t *array, const size_t count) {
+  return sort((void*)array, count, sizeof(uint8_t), sortArrayU8Compare);
+}

src/dusk/util/sort.h

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+typedef int_t (*sortcompare_t)(const void*, const void*);
+
+/**
+ * Sorts an array using the bubble sort algorithm.
+ * 
+ * @param array The array to sort.
+ * @param count The number of elements in the array.
+ * @param size The size of each element.
+ * @param compare The comparison function.
+ */
+void sortBubble(
+  void *array,
+  const size_t count,
+  const size_t size,
+  const sortcompare_t compare
+);
+
+/**
+ * Sorts an array using the quicksort algorithm.
+ * 
+ * @param array The array to sort.
+ * @param count The number of elements in the array.
+ * @param size The size of each element.
+ * @param compare The comparison function.
+ */
+void sortQuick(
+  void *array,
+  const size_t count,
+  const size_t size,
+  const sortcompare_t compare
+);
+
+/**
+ * Preferred sort function.
+ * 
+ * @see sortQuick
+ */
+#define sort sortQuick
+
+/**
+ * Comparison function for uint8_t arrays.
+ * 
+ * @param a First element.
+ * @param b Second element.
+ * @return Negative if a < b, zero if a == b, positive if a > b.
+ */
+int sortArrayU8Compare(const void *a, const void *b);
+
+/**
+ * Sorts an array of uint8_t in ascending order.
+ * 
+ * @param array The array to sort.
+ * @param count The number of elements in the array.
+ */
+void sortArrayU8(uint8_t *array, const size_t count);

src/dusk/util/string.c

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "string.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
+
+bool_t stringIsWhitespace(const char_t c) {
+  return isspace(c);
+}
+
+void stringCopy(char_t *dest, const char_t *src, const size_t destSize) {
+  assertNotNull(dest, "dest must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(src, "src must not be NULL");
+  assertTrue(destSize > 0, "destSize must be greater than 0");
+  assertStrLenMax(src, destSize, "src is too long");
+  assertTrue(dest != src, "Cannot copy string to itself.");
+  memoryCopy(dest, src, strlen(src) + 1);
+}
+
+int stringCompare(const char_t *str1, const char_t *str2) {
+  assertNotNull(str1, "str1 must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(str2, "str2 must not be NULL");
+  return strcmp(str1, str2);
+}
+
+bool_t stringEquals(const char_t *str1, const char_t *str2) {
+  return stringCompare(str1, str2) == 0;
+}
+
+int stringCompareInsensitive(const char_t *str1, const char_t *str2) {
+  assertNotNull(str1, "str1 must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(str2, "str2 must not be NULL");
+  return strcasecmp(str1, str2);
+}
+
+void stringTrim(char_t *str) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+
+  // Trim leading whitespace
+  char_t *start = str;
+  while(stringIsWhitespace(*start)) start++;
+
+  // Trim trailing whitespace
+  char_t *end = start + strlen(start) - 1;
+  while(end >= start && stringIsWhitespace(*end)) end--;
+
+  // Null-terminate the string
+  *(end + 1) = '\0';
+
+  // Move trimmed string to the original buffer
+  if(start != str) memmove(str, start, end - start + 2);
+}
+
+char_t * stringFindLastChar(const char_t *str, const char_t c) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  char_t *last = NULL;
+  for(const char_t *p = str; *p != '\0'; p++) {
+    if(*p == c) {
+      last = (char_t *)p;
+    }
+  }
+  return last;
+}
+
+int32_t stringFormat(
+  char_t *dest,
+  const size_t destSize,
+  const char_t *format,
+  ...
+) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+  int32_t len = stringFormatVA(dest, destSize, format, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  return len;
+}
+
+int32_t stringFormatVA(
+  char_t *dest,
+  const size_t destSize,
+  const char_t *format,
+  va_list args
+) {
+  assertNotNull(format, "format must not be NULL");
+
+  if(dest == NULL) {
+    int32_t ret = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, format, args);
+    assertTrue(ret >= 0, "Failed to format string.");
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  assertTrue(destSize > 0, "destSize must be greater than 0");
+  int32_t ret = vsnprintf(dest, destSize, format, args);
+  assertTrue(ret >= 0, "Failed to format string.");
+  assertTrue(ret < destSize, "Formatted string is too long.");
+  return ret;
+}
+
+bool_t stringToI32(const char_t *str, int32_t *out) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(out, "out must not be NULL");
+
+  // Empty string check
+  if(str[0] == '\0') return false;
+
+  // Leading or trailing whitespace check
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[0])) return false;
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[strlen(str) - 1])) return false;
+
+  char_t *endptr;
+  errno = 0;
+  long int result = strtol(str, &endptr, 10);
+  if(errno != 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Within INT32 range
+  if(result < INT32_MIN || result > INT32_MAX) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *out = (int32_t)result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t stringToI64(const char_t *str, int64_t *out) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(out, "out must not be NULL");
+
+  // Empty string check
+  if(str[0] == '\0') return false;
+
+  // Leading or trailing whitespace check
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[0])) return false;
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[strlen(str) - 1])) return false;
+
+  char_t *endptr;
+  errno = 0;
+  long long int result = strtoll(str, &endptr, 10);
+  if(errno != 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out = (int64_t)result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t stringToI16(const char_t *str, int16_t *out) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(out, "out must not be NULL");
+
+  // Empty string check
+  if(str[0] == '\0') return false;
+
+  // Leading or trailing whitespace check
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[0])) return false;
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[strlen(str) - 1])) return false;
+
+  char_t *endptr;
+  errno = 0;
+  long int result = strtol(str, &endptr, 10);
+  if(
+    errno != 0 ||
+    *endptr != '\0' ||
+    result < INT16_MIN ||
+    result > INT16_MAX
+  ) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out = (int16_t)result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t stringToU16(const char_t *str, uint16_t *out) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(out, "out must not be NULL");
+
+  // Empty string check
+  if(str[0] == '\0') return false;
+
+  // Leading or trailing whitespace check
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[0])) return false;
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[strlen(str) - 1])) return false;
+
+  char_t *endptr;
+  errno = 0;
+  unsigned long int result = strtoul(str, &endptr, 10);
+  if(errno != 0 || *endptr != '\0' || result > UINT16_MAX) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out = (uint16_t)result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t stringToF32(const char_t *str, float_t *out) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(out, "out must not be NULL");
+
+  // Empty string check
+  if(str[0] == '\0') return false;
+
+  // Leading or trailing whitespace check
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[0])) return false;
+  if(stringIsWhitespace(str[strlen(str) - 1])) return false;
+
+  char_t *endptr;
+  errno = 0;
+  float_t result = strtof(str, &endptr);
+  if(errno != 0 || *endptr != '\0') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out = result;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool_t stringEndsWith(const char_t *str, const char_t *suffix) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(suffix, "suffix must not be NULL");
+
+  size_t strLen = strlen(str);
+  size_t suffixLen = strlen(suffix);
+  if(suffixLen > strLen) return false;
+  return strcmp(str + strLen - suffixLen, suffix) == 0;
+}
+
+bool_t stringEndsWithCaseInsensitive(
+  const char_t *str,
+  const char_t *suffix
+) {
+  assertNotNull(str, "str must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(suffix, "suffix must not be NULL");
+
+  size_t strLen = strlen(str);
+  size_t suffixLen = strlen(suffix);
+  if(suffixLen > strLen) return false;
+  return strcasecmp(str + strLen - suffixLen, suffix) == 0;
+}
+
+bool_t stringIncludesString(const char_t *haystack, const char_t *needle) {
+  assertNotNull(haystack, "haystack must not be NULL");
+  assertNotNull(needle, "needle must not be NULL");
+
+  return strstr(haystack, needle) != NULL;
+}

src/dusk/util/string.h

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a character is whitespace.
+ * 
+ * @param c The character to check.
+ * @return TRUE if the character is whitespace, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringIsWhitespace(const char_t c);
+
+/**
+ * Copies a string from src to dest, ensuring the dest string is null-terminated
+ * and does not exceed the specified size.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination string.
+ * @param src The source string.
+ * @param destSize The size of the destination string exc. null terminator.
+ */ 
+void stringCopy(char_t *dest, const char_t *src, const size_t destSize);
+
+/**
+ * Compares two strings.
+ * 
+ * @param str1 The first string.
+ * @param str2 The second string.
+ * @return 0 if the strings are equal, -1 if str1 is less than str2, 1 if str1
+ * is greater than str2.
+ */
+int stringCompare(const char_t *str1, const char_t *str2);
+
+/**
+ * Compares two strings for equality.
+ * 
+ * @param str1 The first string.
+ * @param str2 The second string.
+ * @return TRUE if the strings are equal, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringEquals(const char_t *str1, const char_t *str2);
+
+/**
+ * Compares two strings, ignoring case.
+ * 
+ * @param str1 The first string.
+ * @param str2 The second string.
+ * @return 0 if the strings are equal, -1 if str1 is less than str2, 1 if str1
+ * is greater than str2.
+ */
+int stringCompareInsensitive(const char_t *str1, const char_t *str2);
+
+/**
+ * Trims whitespace from the beginning and end of a string.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to trim.
+ */
+void stringTrim(char_t *str);
+
+/**
+ * Finds the last occurrence of a character in a string.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to search.
+ * @param c The character to find.
+ * @return A pointer to the last occurrence of the character in the string, or
+ * NULL if not found.
+ */
+char_t * stringFindLastChar(const char_t *str, const char_t c);
+
+/**
+ * Formats a string.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination string, or NULL to get the length of the
+ * formatted string.
+ * @param destSize The size of the destination string exc. null terminator, can
+ * be anything if dest is NULL.
+ * @param format The format string.
+ * @param ... The arguments to format.
+ * @return The number of characters written.
+ */
+int32_t stringFormat(
+  char_t *dest,
+  const size_t destSize,
+  const char_t *format,
+  ...
+);
+
+/**
+ * Formats a string using a va_list.
+ * 
+ * @param dest The destination string, or NULL to get the length of the
+ * formatted string.
+ * @param destSize The size of the destination string exc. null terminator, can
+ * be anything if dest is NULL.
+ * @param format The format string.
+ * @param args The va_list of arguments.
+ * @return The number of characters written.
+ */
+int32_t stringFormatVA(
+  char_t *dest,
+  const size_t destSize,
+  const char_t *format,
+  va_list args
+);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a string to an integer.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to convert.
+ * @param out The output integer.
+ * @return TRUE if the conversion was successful, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringToI32(const char_t *str, int32_t *out);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a string to a signed 64-bit integer.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to convert.
+ * @param out The output signed integer.
+ * @return TRUE if the conversion was successful, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringToI64(const char_t *str, int64_t *out);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a string to a signed 16-bit integer.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to convert.
+ * @param out The output signed integer.
+ * @return TRUE if the conversion was successful, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringToI16(const char_t *str, int16_t *out);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a string to an unsigned 16-bit integer.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to convert.
+ * @param out The output unsigned integer.
+ * @return TRUE if the conversion was successful, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringToU16(const char_t *str, uint16_t *out);
+
+/**
+ * Converts a string to a float.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to convert.
+ * @param out The output float.
+ * @return TRUE if the conversion was successful, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringToF32(const char_t *str, float_t *out);
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a string ends with a specified suffix.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to check.
+ * @param suffix The suffix to check for.
+ * @return TRUE if the string ends with the suffix, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringEndsWith(const char_t *str, const char_t *suffix);
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a string ends with a specified suffix, ignoring case.
+ * 
+ * @param str The string to check.
+ * @param suffix The suffix to check for.
+ * @return TRUE if the string ends with the suffix, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringEndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char_t *str, const char_t *suffix);
+
+/**
+ * Determines if a string includes a specified substring.
+ * 
+ * @param haystack The string to check.
+ * @param needle The substring to check for.
+ * @return TRUE if the string includes the substring, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+bool_t stringIncludesString(const char_t *haystack, const char_t *needle);

src/duskdolphin/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)

src/duskdolphin/duskdolphin.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once

src/duskdolphin/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "duskdolphin.h"

src/duskdreamcast/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)

src/duskdreamcast/duskdreamcast.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once

src/duskdreamcast/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "duskdreamcast.h"

src/dusklinux/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_BINARY_TARGET_NAME} PRIVATE
+  main.c
+)
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  log/log.c
+  time/timelinux.c
+)
+
+find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC Threads::Threads m)

src/dusklinux/display/displayplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "display/displaysdl3.h"
+
+typedef displaysdl3_t displayplatform_t;
+
+#define displayPlatformInit displaySDL3Init
+#define displayPlatformUpdate displaySDL3Update
+#define displayPlatformDispose displaySDL3Dispose

src/dusklinux/dusklinux.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once

src/dusklinux/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusklinux.h"
+#include "dusksdl3.h"
+#include "duskvulkan.h"

src/dusklinux/log/log.c

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "log/log.h"
+
+void logDebug(const char_t *message, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, message);
+  vprintf(message, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+void logError(const char_t *message, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, message);
+  vprintf(message, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  fflush(stdout);
+}

src/dusklinux/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "engine/engine.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  errorret_t ret;
+
+  ret = engineInit(argc, (const char_t **)argv);
+  if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+    errorCatch(errorPrint(ret));
+    return ret.code;
+  }
+
+  do {
+    ret = engineUpdate();
+    if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+      errorCatch(errorPrint(ret));
+      return ret.code;
+    }
+  } while(ENGINE.running);
+
+  ret = engineDispose();
+  if(errorIsNotOk(ret)) {
+    errorCatch(errorPrint(ret));
+    return ret.code;
+  }
+
+  printf("hello world\n");
+  return 0;
+}

src/dusklinux/time/timelinux.c

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "time/timelinux.h"
+#include <time.h>
+
+uint64_t TIME_TICKS_LINUX = 0;
+uint64_t TIME_TICKS_LAST_LINUX = 0;
+
+uint64_t timeGetMonotonicLinux(void) {
+  struct timespec ts;
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+  return (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * 1000000000ull + (uint64_t)ts.tv_nsec;
+}
+
+void timeTickLinux(void) {
+  TIME_TICKS_LAST_LINUX = TIME_TICKS_LINUX;
+  TIME_TICKS_LINUX = timeGetMonotonicLinux();
+  if(TIME_TICKS_LAST_LINUX == 0) TIME_TICKS_LAST_LINUX = TIME_TICKS_LINUX;
+}
+
+float_t timeGetDeltaLinux(void) {
+  return (float_t)(TIME_TICKS_LINUX - TIME_TICKS_LAST_LINUX) / 1e9f;
+}
+
+double_t timeGetRealLinux(void) {
+  struct timespec ts;
+  if(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) != 0) return 0.0;
+  return ((double_t)ts.tv_sec) + ((double_t)ts.tv_nsec / 1000000000.0);
+}
+
+double_t timeGetRealTimeZoneLinux(void) {
+  time_t now = time(NULL);
+  struct tm local_tm;
+  localtime_r(&now, &local_tm);
+  return (double_t)(local_tm.tm_gmtoff);
+}

src/dusklinux/time/timelinux.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusk.h"
+
+extern uint64_t TIME_TICKS_LINUX;
+extern uint64_t TIME_TICKS_LAST_LINUX;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the monotonic clock in nanoseconds.
+ *
+ * @return Nanoseconds since an unspecified starting point.
+ */
+uint64_t timeGetMonotonicLinux(void);
+
+/**
+ * Advances the monotonic tick used for delta time.
+ */
+void timeTickLinux(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the time in seconds between the last two ticks.
+ *
+ * @return The delta in seconds.
+ */
+float_t timeGetDeltaLinux(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the real current time, in seconds since January 1, 1970.
+ * 
+ * @return The real current time, in seconds since January 1, 1970.
+ */
+double_t timeGetRealLinux(void);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the real time zone offset in seconds from UTC.
+ * 
+ * @return The real time zone offset in seconds from UTC.
+ */
+double_t timeGetRealTimeZoneLinux(void);

src/dusklinux/time/timeplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "time/timelinux.h"
+
+#define timeTickPlatform timeTickLinux
+#define timeGetDeltaPlatform timeGetDeltaLinux
+#define timeGetRealPlatform timeGetRealLinux
+#define timeGetRealTimeZonePlatform timeGetRealTimeZoneLinux

src/duskps2/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)

src/duskps2/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "duskps2.h"

src/duskps2/duskps2.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once

src/duskpsp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)

src/duskpsp/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "duskpsp.h"

src/duskpsp/duskpsp.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once

src/dusksdl3/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)
+
+find_package(SDL3 REQUIRED)
+target_link_libraries(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC SDL3::SDL3)
+
+target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  display/displaysdl3.c
+)

src/dusksdl3/display/displaysdl3.c

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "display/displaysdl3.h"
+#include "display/display.h"
+#include "engine/engine.h"
+
+errorret_t displaySDL3Init(void) {
+  if(!SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO)) {
+    errorThrow("SDL_Init failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
+  }
+
+  DISPLAY.window = SDL_CreateWindow(
+    DUSK_GAME_NAME,
+    DUSK_DISPLAY_WIDTH_DEFAULT,
+    DUSK_DISPLAY_HEIGHT_DEFAULT,
+    SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE
+  );
+  if(DISPLAY.window == NULL) {
+    errorThrow("SDL_CreateWindow failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
+  }
+
+  DISPLAY.renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(DISPLAY.window, NULL);
+  if(DISPLAY.renderer == NULL) {
+    errorThrow("SDL_CreateRenderer failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
+  }
+  SDL_SetRenderVSync(DISPLAY.renderer, 1);
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t displaySDL3Update(void) {
+  SDL_Event event;
+  while(SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
+    if(event.type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT) engineExit();
+  }
+
+  SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(DISPLAY.renderer, 255, 0, 0, 255);
+  if(!SDL_RenderClear(DISPLAY.renderer)) {
+    errorThrow("SDL_RenderClear failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
+  }
+  if(!SDL_RenderPresent(DISPLAY.renderer)) {
+    errorThrow("SDL_RenderPresent failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t displaySDL3Dispose(void) {
+  if(DISPLAY.renderer != NULL) {
+    SDL_DestroyRenderer(DISPLAY.renderer);
+    DISPLAY.renderer = NULL;
+  }
+  if(DISPLAY.window != NULL) {
+    SDL_DestroyWindow(DISPLAY.window);
+    DISPLAY.window = NULL;
+  }
+  SDL_Quit();
+
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusksdl3/display/displaysdl3.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "error/error.h"
+#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
+
+#ifndef DUSK_DISPLAY_WIDTH_DEFAULT
+  #define DUSK_DISPLAY_WIDTH_DEFAULT 854
+#endif
+#ifndef DUSK_DISPLAY_HEIGHT_DEFAULT
+  #define DUSK_DISPLAY_HEIGHT_DEFAULT 480
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  SDL_Window *window;
+  SDL_Renderer *renderer;
+} displaysdl3_t;
+
+/**
+ * Initializes SDL3 and creates the window and renderer.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t displaySDL3Init(void);
+
+/**
+ * Handles window events, clears the window to red and presents it. Called once
+ * per frame.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t displaySDL3Update(void);
+
+/**
+ * Destroys the window and renderer and shuts SDL3 down.
+ *
+ * @return An errorret_t indicating success or failure.
+ */
+errorret_t displaySDL3Dispose(void);

src/dusksdl3/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "dusksdl3.h"

src/dusksdl3/dusksdl3.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once

src/duskvita/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+#
+# This software is released under the MIT License.
+# https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+
+target_include_directories(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME} PUBLIC
+  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+)

src/duskvita/duskplatform.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ * 
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "duskvita.h"