Spritebatch cleanup

src/dusk/display/display.c

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "util/string.h"
 #include "asset/asset.h"
-#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderlist.h"
 #include "time/time.h"
 
 display_t DISPLAY = { 0 };
@@ -53,31 +53,8 @@ errorret_t displayInit(void) {
   errorChain(screenInit());
 
   // Setup initial shader with default values
-  mat4 view, proj, model;
-  glm_lookat(
-    (vec3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
-    (vec3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
-    (vec3){ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
-    view
-  );
 
-  glm_perspective(
+  errorChain(shaderListInit());
-    glm_rad(45.0f),
-    SCREEN.aspect,
-    0.1f,
-    100.0f,
-    proj
-  );
-
-  glm_mat4_identity(model);
-
-  errorChain(shaderInit(&SHADER_UNLIT, &SHADER_UNLIT_DEFINITION));
-  errorChain(shaderBind(&SHADER_UNLIT));
-  errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_PROJECTION, proj));
-  errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_VIEW, view));
-  errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, model));
-  errorChain(shaderSetTexture(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_TEXTURE, NULL));
-  errorChain(shaderSetColor(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_COLOR, COLOR_WHITE));
 
   errorOk();
 }
@@ -119,7 +96,7 @@ errorret_t displaySetState(displaystate_t state) {
 }
 
 errorret_t displayDispose(void) {
-  errorChain(shaderDispose(&SHADER_UNLIT));
+  errorChain(shaderListDispose());
   errorChain(spriteBatchDispose());
   screenDispose();
   errorChain(textDispose());

src/dusk/display/shader/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,5 +7,6 @@
 target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   PUBLIC
     shader.c
+    shaderlist.c
     shaderunlit.c
 )

src/dusk/display/shader/shader.c

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "shader.h"
 #include "shadermaterial.h"
 #include "assert/assert.h"
+#include "log/log.h"
 
 shader_t *bound = NULL;
 
@@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ errorret_t shaderSetColor(
 ) {
   assertNotNull(shader, "Shader cannot be null");
   assertStrLenMin(name, 1, "Uniform name cannot be empty");
+  assertTrue(bound == shader, "Shader must be bound.");
   errorChain(shaderSetColorPlatform(shader, name, color));
   errorOk();
 }

src/dusk/display/shader/shaderlist.c

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "shaderlist.h"
+#include "display/screen/screen.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+shaderlistdef_t SHADER_LIST_DEFS[SHADER_LIST_SHADER_COUNT] = {
+  [SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT] = {
+    .shader = &SHADER_UNLIT,
+    .definition = &SHADER_UNLIT_DEFINITION
+  },
+};
+
+errorret_t shaderListInit() {
+  mat4 view, proj, model;
+  glm_lookat(
+    (vec3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f },
+    (vec3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f },
+    (vec3){ 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f },
+    view
+  );
+
+  glm_perspective(
+    glm_rad(45.0f),
+    SCREEN.aspect,
+    0.1f,
+    100.0f,
+    proj
+  );
+
+  glm_mat4_identity(model);
+
+  for(shaderlistshader_t i = 0; i < SHADER_LIST_SHADER_COUNT; i++) {
+    if(i == SHADER_LIST_SHADER_NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assertNotNull(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, "Shader cannot be null"
+    );
+    assertNotNull(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].definition, "Shader definition cannot be null"
+    );
+
+    errorChain(shaderInit(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].definition
+    ));
+    errorChain(shaderBind(SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader));
+    errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, SHADER_UNLIT_PROJECTION, proj
+    ));
+    errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, SHADER_UNLIT_VIEW, view
+    ));
+    errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, model
+    ));
+    errorChain(shaderSetTexture(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, SHADER_UNLIT_TEXTURE, NULL
+    ));
+    errorChain(shaderSetColor(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, SHADER_UNLIT_COLOR, COLOR_WHITE
+    ));
+  }
+
+  errorOk();
+}
+
+errorret_t shaderListDispose(void) {
+  for(shaderlistshader_t i = 0; i < SHADER_LIST_SHADER_COUNT; i++) {
+    if(i == SHADER_LIST_SHADER_NULL) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    assertNotNull(
+      SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader, "Shader cannot be null"
+    );
+
+    errorChain(shaderDispose(SHADER_LIST_DEFS[i].shader));
+  }
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/display/shader/shaderlist.h

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "display/shader/shader.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+
+typedef enum {
+  SHADER_LIST_SHADER_NULL,
+
+  SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT,
+  
+  SHADER_LIST_SHADER_COUNT
+} shaderlistshader_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  shader_t *shader;
+  shaderdefinition_t *definition;
+} shaderlistdef_t;
+
+extern shaderlistdef_t SHADER_LIST_DEFS[SHADER_LIST_SHADER_COUNT];
+
+/**
+ * Initializes all default shaders and uploads the initial view, projection,
+ * and model matrices to each.
+ *
+ * @return Error state.
+ */
+errorret_t shaderListInit();
+
+/**
+ * Disposes all default shaders.
+ *
+ * @return Error state.
+ */
+errorret_t shaderListDispose(void);

src/dusk/display/shader/shadermaterial.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  */
 
 #pragma once
-#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderlist.h"
 
 typedef union shadermaterial_u {
   shaderunlitmaterial_t unlit;

src/dusk/display/spritebatch/spritebatch.c

@@ -9,14 +9,13 @@
 #include "assert/assert.h"
 #include "util/memory.h"
 #include "util/math.h"
-#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "display/shader/shadermaterial.h"
 
 meshvertex_t SPRITEBATCH_VERTICES[SPRITEBATCH_VERTEX_COUNT];
 spritebatch_t SPRITEBATCH;
 
 errorret_t spriteBatchInit() {
   memoryZero(&SPRITEBATCH, sizeof(spritebatch_t));
-
   errorChain(meshInit(
     &SPRITEBATCH.mesh,
     QUAD_PRIMITIVE_TYPE,
@@ -28,137 +27,100 @@ errorret_t spriteBatchInit() {
 
 errorret_t spriteBatchBuffer(
   const spritebatchsprite_t *sprites,
-  const uint32_t count
+  const uint32_t count,
+  shader_t *shader,
+  const shadermaterial_t material
 ) {
-  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+  assertNotNull(sprites, "Sprites cannot be null");
-    const spritebatchsprite_t *s = &sprites[i];
+  assertTrue(count > 0, "Count must be greater than zero");
+  assertNotNull(shader, "Shader cannot be null");
 
-    // if(s->texture != SPRITEBATCH.currentTexture) {
+  // Did the shader or material data change?
-    //   errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+  if(shader != SPRITEBATCH.shader) {
-    // }
+    errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+    SPRITEBATCH.shader = shader;
+    SPRITEBATCH.material = material;
+  } else if(memoryCompare(
+    &material, &SPRITEBATCH.material, sizeof(shadermaterial_t)
+  ) != 0) {
+    // Did the material data change?
+    errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+    SPRITEBATCH.shader = shader;
+    SPRITEBATCH.material = material;
+  }
 
-    if(SPRITEBATCH.spriteCount >= SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX_PER_FLUSH) {
+  // Buffer the vertices.
-      errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++ ){
-    }
+    spritebatchsprite_t sprite = sprites[i];
 
     meshvertex_t *v = &SPRITEBATCH_VERTICES[
       (SPRITEBATCH.spriteCount + (SPRITEBATCH.spriteFlush *
       SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX_PER_FLUSH)) * QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT
     ];
     
-    v[0].pos[0] = s->min[0]; v[0].pos[1] = s->min[1]; v[0].pos[2] = s->min[2];
+    // Buffer the quad
-    v[0].uv[0] = s->uvMin[0]; v[0].uv[1] = s->uvMin[1];
+    v[0].pos[0] = sprite.min[0];
+    v[0].pos[1] = sprite.min[1];
+    v[0].pos[2] = sprite.min[2];
 
-    v[1].pos[0] = s->max[0]; v[1].pos[1] = s->min[1]; v[1].pos[2] = s->min[2];
+    v[0].uv[0] = sprite.uvMin[0];
-    v[1].uv[0] = s->uvMax[0]; v[1].uv[1] = s->uvMin[1];
+    v[0].uv[1] = sprite.uvMin[1];
 
-    v[2].pos[0] = s->max[0]; v[2].pos[1] = s->max[1]; v[2].pos[2] = s->min[2];
-    v[2].uv[0] = s->uvMax[0]; v[2].uv[1] = s->uvMax[1];
 
-    v[3].pos[0] = s->min[0]; v[3].pos[1] = s->min[1]; v[3].pos[2] = s->min[2];
+    v[1].pos[0] = sprite.max[0];
-    v[3].uv[0] = s->uvMin[0]; v[3].uv[1] = s->uvMin[1];
+    v[1].pos[1] = sprite.min[1];
+    v[1].pos[2] = sprite.min[2];
 
-    v[4].pos[0] = s->max[0]; v[4].pos[1] = s->max[1]; v[4].pos[2] = s->min[2];
+    v[1].uv[0] = sprite.uvMax[0];
-    v[4].uv[0] = s->uvMax[0]; v[4].uv[1] = s->uvMax[1];
+    v[1].uv[1] = sprite.uvMin[1];
 
-    v[5].pos[0] = s->min[0]; v[5].pos[1] = s->max[1]; v[5].pos[2] = s->min[2];
-    v[5].uv[0] = s->uvMin[0]; v[5].uv[1] = s->uvMax[1];
 
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+    v[2].pos[0] = sprite.max[0];
-    for(uint8_t vi = 0; vi < QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT; vi++) {
+    v[2].pos[1] = sprite.max[1];
-      v[vi].color = s->color;
+    v[2].pos[2] = sprite.max[2];
-    }
-    #endif
 
+    v[2].uv[0] = sprite.uvMax[0];
+    v[2].uv[1] = sprite.uvMax[1];
+
+
+    v[3].pos[0] = sprite.min[0];
+    v[3].pos[1] = sprite.min[1];
+    v[3].pos[2] = sprite.min[2];
+
+    v[3].uv[0] = sprite.uvMin[0];
+    v[3].uv[1] = sprite.uvMin[1];
+
+
+    v[4].pos[0] = sprite.max[0];
+    v[4].pos[1] = sprite.max[1];
+    v[4].pos[2] = sprite.max[2];
+
+    v[4].uv[0] = sprite.uvMax[0];
+    v[4].uv[1] = sprite.uvMax[1];
+
+
+    v[5].pos[0] = sprite.min[0];
+    v[5].pos[1] = sprite.max[1];
+    v[5].pos[2] = sprite.max[2];
+
+    v[5].uv[0] = sprite.uvMin[0];
+    v[5].uv[1] = sprite.uvMax[1];
+
+    // Do we need to flush?
     SPRITEBATCH.spriteCount++;
+    if(SPRITEBATCH.spriteCount >= SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX_PER_FLUSH) {
+      errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
+    }
   }
+  
   errorOk();
 }
 
-errorret_t spriteBatchBufferSprite(const spritebatchsprite_t *sprite) {
-  return spriteBatchBuffer(sprite, 1);
-}
-
-errorret_t spriteBatchPushv(
-  const float_t *minX,
-  const float_t *minY,
-  const float_t *maxX,
-  const float_t *maxY,
-  const float_t *z,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    const color_t *color,
-  #endif
-  const float_t *u0,
-  const float_t *v0,
-  const float_t *u1,
-  const float_t *v1,
-  const size_t count
-) {
-  for(size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
-    sprite.min[0] = minX[i]; sprite.min[1] = minY[i]; sprite.min[2] = z[i];
-    sprite.max[0] = maxX[i]; sprite.max[1] = maxY[i]; sprite.max[2] = z[i];
-    sprite.uvMin[0] = u0[i]; sprite.uvMin[1] = v0[i];
-    sprite.uvMax[0] = u1[i]; sprite.uvMax[1] = v1[i];
-    sprite.texture = SPRITEBATCH.currentTexture;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-      sprite.color = color[i];
-    #endif
-    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1));
-  }
-  errorOk();
-}
-
-errorret_t spriteBatchPush(
-  const float_t minX,
-  const float_t minY,
-  const float_t maxX,
-  const float_t maxY,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    const color_t color,
-  #endif
-  const float_t u0,
-  const float_t v0,
-  const float_t u1,
-  const float_t v1
-) {
-  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
-  sprite.min[0] = minX; sprite.min[1] = minY; sprite.min[2] = 0;
-  sprite.max[0] = maxX; sprite.max[1] = maxY; sprite.max[2] = 0;
-  sprite.uvMin[0] = u0; sprite.uvMin[1] = v0;
-  sprite.uvMax[0] = u1; sprite.uvMax[1] = v1;
-  sprite.texture = SPRITEBATCH.currentTexture;
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    sprite.color = color;
-  #endif
-  return spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1);
-}
-
-errorret_t spriteBatchPushZ(
-  const vec3 min,
-  const vec3 max,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    const color_t color,
-  #endif
-  const vec2 uvMin,
-  const vec2 uvMax
-) {
-  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
-  sprite.min[0] = min[0]; sprite.min[1] = min[1]; sprite.min[2] = min[2];
-  sprite.max[0] = max[0]; sprite.max[1] = max[1]; sprite.max[2] = max[2];
-  sprite.uvMin[0] = uvMin[0]; sprite.uvMin[1] = uvMin[1];
-  sprite.uvMax[0] = uvMax[0]; sprite.uvMax[1] = uvMax[1];
-  sprite.texture = SPRITEBATCH.currentTexture;
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    sprite.color = color;
-  #endif
-  return spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1);
-}
-
 void spriteBatchClear() {
   SPRITEBATCH.spriteCount = 0;
   SPRITEBATCH.spriteFlush = 0;
-  SPRITEBATCH.currentTexture = NULL;
+  SPRITEBATCH.shader = NULL;
+  memoryZero(&SPRITEBATCH.material, sizeof(shadermaterial_t));
 }
 
 errorret_t spriteBatchFlush() {
@@ -171,6 +133,9 @@ errorret_t spriteBatchFlush() {
     SPRITEBATCH.spriteFlush * SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX_PER_FLUSH *
     QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT
   );
+
+  errorChain(shaderBind(SPRITEBATCH.shader));
+  errorChain(shaderSetMaterial(SPRITEBATCH.shader, &SPRITEBATCH.material));
   errorChain(meshFlush(&SPRITEBATCH.mesh, vertexOffset, vertexCount));
   errorChain(meshDraw(&SPRITEBATCH.mesh, vertexOffset, vertexCount));
 

src/dusk/display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "display/mesh/quad.h"
 #include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/shader/shadermaterial.h"
 
 #define SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX 512
 #define SPRITEBATCH_VERTEX_COUNT (SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX * QUAD_VERTEX_COUNT)
@@ -21,146 +22,66 @@ typedef struct {
   vec3 max;
   vec2 uvMin;
   vec2 uvMax;
-  texture_t *texture;
-#if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-  color_t color;
-#endif
 } spritebatchsprite_t;
 
 typedef struct {
   mesh_t mesh;
   int32_t spriteCount;
   int32_t spriteFlush;
-  texture_t *currentTexture;
+
+  shader_t *shader;
+  shadermaterial_t material;
 } spritebatch_t;
 
-// Have to define these seperately because of alignment in certain platforms.
+// Have to define these separately because of alignment on certain platforms.
 extern meshvertex_t SPRITEBATCH_VERTICES[SPRITEBATCH_VERTEX_COUNT];
 extern spritebatch_t SPRITEBATCH;
 
 /**
- * Initializes a sprite batch.
+ * Initializes the global sprite batch and its internal mesh buffer.
  *
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
+ * @return Error state.
  */
 errorret_t spriteBatchInit();
 
 /**
- * Buffers an array of sprites. Flushes automatically when the texture changes
+ * Lowest-level buffer function. Writes sprites into the internal vertex buffer.
- * or the per-flush limit is reached.
+ * Flushes automatically when the per-flush capacity is reached. Does not
+ * modify material state — call spriteBatchSetState or use a high-level push
+ * function before buffering.
  *
  * @param sprites Pointer to the sprite array.
  * @param count Number of sprites to buffer.
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
+ * @param shader Shader to use when flushing.
+ * @param material Material information passed to the shader when flushing.
+ * @return Error state.
  */
 errorret_t spriteBatchBuffer(
   const spritebatchsprite_t *sprites,
-  const uint32_t count
+  const uint32_t count,
+  shader_t *shader,
+  const shadermaterial_t material
 );
 
 /**
- * Convenience wrapper — buffers a single sprite.
+ * Resets sprite and flush counters and clears the current material state.
- *
+ * Calling spriteBatchFlush after this renders nothing.
- * @param sprite The sprite to buffer.
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
- */
-errorret_t spriteBatchBufferSprite(const spritebatchsprite_t *sprite);
-
-/**
- * Pushes multiple sprites to the batch using parallel arrays of values.
- *
- * @param minX Array of minimum x coordinates.
- * @param minY Array of minimum y coordinates.
- * @param maxX Array of maximum x coordinates.
- * @param maxY Array of maximum y coordinates.
- * @param z Array of z coordinates.
- * @param color Array of colors (if enabled).
- * @param u0 Array of u0 texture coordinates.
- * @param v0 Array of v0 texture coordinates.
- * @param u1 Array of u1 texture coordinates.
- * @param v1 Array of v1 texture coordinates.
- * @param count Number of sprites to push.
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
- */
-errorret_t spriteBatchPushv(
-  const float_t *minX,
-  const float_t *minY,
-  const float_t *maxX,
-  const float_t *maxY,
-  const float_t *z,
-#if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-  const color_t *color,
-#endif
-  const float_t *u0,
-  const float_t *v0,
-  const float_t *u1,
-  const float_t *v1,
-  const size_t count
-);
-
-/**
- * Pushes a 2D sprite (z=0) to the batch.
- *
- * @param minX The minimum x coordinate of the sprite.
- * @param minY The minimum y coordinate of the sprite.
- * @param maxX The maximum x coordinate of the sprite.
- * @param maxY The maximum y coordinate of the sprite.
- * @param color The color to tint the sprite with.
- * @param u0 Texture u coordinate for the top-left corner.
- * @param v0 Texture v coordinate for the top-left corner.
- * @param u1 Texture u coordinate for the bottom-right corner.
- * @param v1 Texture v coordinate for the bottom-right corner.
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
- */
-errorret_t spriteBatchPush(
-  const float_t minX,
-  const float_t minY,
-  const float_t maxX,
-  const float_t maxY,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    const color_t color,
-  #endif
-  const float_t u0,
-  const float_t v0,
-  const float_t u1,
-  const float_t v1
-);
-
-/**
- * Pushes a 3D sprite to the batch.
- *
- * @param min The minimum (x,y,z) coordinate of the sprite.
- * @param max The maximum (x,y,z) coordinate of the sprite.
- * @param color The color to tint the sprite with.
- * @param uvMin Texture coordinate for the top-left corner.
- * @param uvMax Texture coordinate for the bottom-right corner.
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
- */
-errorret_t spriteBatchPushZ(
-  const vec3 min,
-  const vec3 max,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    const color_t color,
-  #endif
-  const vec2 uvMin,
-  const vec2 uvMax
-);
-
-/**
- * Clears the sprite batch. Calling flush after this renders nothing.
  */
 void spriteBatchClear();
 
 /**
- * Flushes the sprite batch, rendering all queued sprites.
+ * Uploads and draws all buffered sprites. If a material type has been set via
+ * spriteBatchSetState or spriteBatchCheckState, the shader is bound and the
+ * material is applied first. If matType is NULL the caller is responsible for
+ * having the correct shader already bound. Does nothing if the buffer is empty.
  *
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
+ * @return Error state.
  */
 errorret_t spriteBatchFlush();
 
 /**
- * Disposes of the sprite batch, freeing any allocated resources.
+ * Disposes of the sprite batch and frees its internal mesh buffer.
  *
- * @return An error code indicating success or failure.
+ * @return Error state.
  */
 errorret_t spriteBatchDispose();

src/dusk/display/text/text.c

@@ -34,15 +34,12 @@ errorret_t textDispose(void) {
   errorOk();
 }
 
-errorret_t textDrawChar(
+spritebatchsprite_t textGetSprite(
-  const float_t x,
+  const vec2 pos, const char_t c, const font_t *font
-  const float_t y,
-  const char_t c,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-    const color_t color,
-  #endif
-  font_t *font
 ) {
+  assertNotNull(font, "Font cannot be NULL");
+
+  // Change char from ASCII to a tile index.
   int32_t tileIndex = (int32_t)(c) - TEXT_CHAR_START;
   if(tileIndex < 0 || tileIndex >= font->tileset->tileCount) {
     tileIndex = ((int32_t)'@') - TEXT_CHAR_START;
@@ -52,19 +49,22 @@ errorret_t textDrawChar(
     "Character is out of bounds for font tiles"
   );
 
+  // Create sprite.
   vec4 uv;
   tilesetTileGetUV(font->tileset, tileIndex, uv);
 
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
-    x, y,
+  sprite.min[0] = pos[0];
-    x + font->tileset->tileWidth,
+  sprite.min[1] = pos[1];
-    y + font->tileset->tileHeight,
+  sprite.min[2] = 0.0f;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprite.max[0] = pos[0] + font->tileset->tileWidth;
-      color,
+  sprite.max[1] = pos[1] + font->tileset->tileHeight;
-    #endif
+  sprite.max[2] = 0.0f;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprite.uvMin[0] = uv[0];
-  ));
+  sprite.uvMin[1] = uv[1];
-  errorOk();
+  sprite.uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprite.uvMax[1] = uv[3];
+  return sprite;
 }
 
 errorret_t textDraw(
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ errorret_t textDraw(
 ) {
   assertNotNull(text, "Text cannot be NULL");
 
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
+    .unlit = {
+      .color = color,
+      .texture = font->texture
+    }
+  };
+
   float_t posX = x;
   float_t posY = y;
 
@@ -100,13 +108,8 @@ errorret_t textDraw(
       continue;
     }
 
-    errorChain(textDrawChar(
+    sprite = textGetSprite((vec2){posX, posY}, c, font);
-      posX, posY, c,
+    errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material));
-      #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-        color,
-      #endif
-      font
-    ));
     posX += font->tileset->tileWidth;
   }
   errorOk();

src/dusk/display/text/text.h

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "asset/asset.h"
 #include "display/text/font.h"
+#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 
 #define TEXT_CHAR_START '!'
 
@@ -28,23 +29,17 @@ errorret_t textInit(void);
 errorret_t textDispose(void);
 
 /**
- * Draws a single character at the specified position.
+ * Builds a sprite for a single character at the given position.
  *
- * @param x The x-coordinate to draw the character at.
+ * @param pos The (x, y) position of the character in screen/world space.
- * @param y The y-coordinate to draw the character at.
+ * @param c The character to build a sprite for.
- * @param c The character to draw.
+ * @param font Font to use for tile lookup.
- * @param color The color to draw the character in.
+ * @return The populated sprite ready for spriteBatchBuffer.
- * @param font Font to use for rendering.
- * @return Either an error or success result.
  */
-errorret_t textDrawChar(
+spritebatchsprite_t textGetSprite(
-  const float_t x,
+  const vec2 pos,
-  const float_t y,
   const char_t c,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  const font_t *font
-    const color_t color,
-  #endif
-  font_t *font
 );
 
 /**

src/dusk/entity/component/display/entityrenderable.c

@@ -7,22 +7,12 @@
 
 #include "entityrenderable.h"
 #include "entity/entitymanager.h"
+#include "display/shader/shadermaterial.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "display/display.h"
 #include "display/mesh/cube.h"
-#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "util/memory.h"
-
+#include "assert/assert.h"
-errorret_t entityRenderableDrawDefault(
-  const entityid_t entityId,
-  const componentid_t componentId,
-  void *user
-) {
-  (void)entityId;
-  (void)componentId;
-  (void)user;
-  errorChain(shaderSetColor(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_COLOR, COLOR_WHITE));
-  errorChain(shaderSetTexture(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_TEXTURE, NULL));
-  return meshDraw(&CUBE_MESH_SIMPLE, 0, -1);
-}
 
 void entityRenderableInit(
   const entityid_t entityId,
@@ -31,8 +21,15 @@ void entityRenderableInit(
   entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
     entityId, componentId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
   );
-  r->draw = entityRenderableDrawDefault;
+  memoryZero(r, sizeof(entityrenderable_t));
-  r->drawUser = NULL;
+  r->type = ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL;
+  r->data.material.shaderType = SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT;
+  r->data.material.material.unlit.color = COLOR_WHITE;
+  r->data.material.meshes[0] = &CUBE_MESH_SIMPLE;
+  r->data.material.meshOffsets[0] = 0;
+  r->data.material.meshCounts[0] = -1;
+  r->data.material.meshCount = 1;
+  r->data.material.state.flags = DISPLAY_STATE_FLAG_DEPTH_TEST;
 }
 
 void entityRenderableDispose(
@@ -42,6 +39,28 @@ void entityRenderableDispose(
   
 }
 
+void entityRenderableSetType(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const componentid_t componentId,
+  const entityrenderabletype_t type
+) {
+  entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
+    entityId, componentId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+  );
+  r->type = type;
+}
+
+void entityRenderableSetPriority(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const componentid_t componentId,
+  const int8_t priority
+) {
+  entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
+    entityId, componentId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+  );
+  r->priority = priority;
+}
+
 void entityRenderableSetDraw(
   const entityid_t entityId,
   const componentid_t componentId,
@@ -52,11 +71,13 @@ void entityRenderableSetDraw(
   ),
   void *user
 ) {
+  assertNotNull(draw, "Draw callback cannot be null");
   entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
     entityId, componentId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
   );
-  r->draw = draw;
+  r->type = ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_CUSTOM;
-  r->drawUser = user;
+  r->data.custom.draw = draw;
+  r->data.custom.drawUser = user;
 }
 
 errorret_t entityRenderableDraw(
@@ -66,5 +87,42 @@ errorret_t entityRenderableDraw(
   entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
     entityId, componentId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
   );
-  return r->draw(entityId, componentId, r->drawUser);
+
+  switch(r->type) {
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SPRITEBATCH: {
+      const entityrenderablespritebatch_t *sb = &r->data.spritebatch;
+      errorChain(displaySetState((displaystate_t){
+        .flags = DISPLAY_STATE_FLAG_BLEND
+      }));
+      spriteBatchClear();
+      shadermaterial_t mat;
+      memoryZero(&mat, sizeof(shadermaterial_t));
+      mat.unlit.texture = sb->texture;
+      mat.unlit.color = COLOR_WHITE;
+      errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(
+        sb->sprites, sb->spriteCount,
+        SHADER_LIST_DEFS[SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT].shader, mat
+      ));
+      return spriteBatchFlush();
+    }
+
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL: {
+      const entityrenderablematerial_t *m = &r->data.material;
+      errorChain(displaySetState(m->state));
+      shader_t *shader = SHADER_LIST_DEFS[m->shaderType].shader;
+      assertNotNull(shader, "Shader cannot be null for material type");
+      errorChain(shaderBind(shader));
+      errorChain(shaderSetMaterial(shader, &m->material));
+      for(uint8_t i = 0; i < m->meshCount; i++) {
+        errorChain(meshDraw(m->meshes[i], m->meshOffsets[i], m->meshCounts[i]));
+      }
+      errorOk();
+    }
+
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_CUSTOM:
+      return r->data.custom.draw(entityId, componentId, r->data.custom.drawUser);
+    
+    default:
+      assertUnreachable("Invalid renderable type");
+  }
 }

src/dusk/entity/component/display/entityrenderable.h

@@ -10,6 +10,32 @@
 #include "display/mesh/mesh.h"
 #include "display/shader/shadermaterial.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/displaystate.h"
+
+#define ENTITY_RENDERABLE_SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX 64
+#define ENTITY_RENDERABLE_MESHES_MAX 8
+
+typedef enum {
+  ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_CUSTOM = 0,
+  ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SPRITEBATCH,
+  ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL,
+} entityrenderabletype_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[ENTITY_RENDERABLE_SPRITEBATCH_SPRITES_MAX];
+  uint32_t spriteCount;
+  texture_t *texture;
+} entityrenderablespritebatch_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  mesh_t *meshes[ENTITY_RENDERABLE_MESHES_MAX];
+  int32_t meshOffsets[ENTITY_RENDERABLE_MESHES_MAX];
+  int32_t meshCounts[ENTITY_RENDERABLE_MESHES_MAX];
+  uint8_t meshCount;
+  shaderlistshader_t shaderType;
+  shadermaterial_t material;
+  displaystate_t state;
+} entityrenderablematerial_t;
 
 typedef struct {
   errorret_t (*draw)(
@@ -18,11 +44,29 @@ typedef struct {
     void *user
   );
   void *drawUser;
+} entityrenderablecustom_t;
+
+typedef union entityrenderabledata_u {
+  entityrenderablespritebatch_t spritebatch;
+  entityrenderablematerial_t material;
+  entityrenderablecustom_t custom;
+} entityrenderabledata_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+  entityrenderabletype_t type;
+  entityrenderabledata_t data;
+  
+  /**
+   * Render priority. 0 = auto (derived from type/flags). Higher values render
+   * later (on top of lower values). Range: [-128..127] with 0 is auto.
+   */
+  int8_t priority;
 } entityrenderable_t;
 
 /**
  * Initializes the entity renderable component. Defaults to
- * ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_MATERIAL, the unlit shader, white color, no mesh.
+ * ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL with the unlit shader, a white cube,
+ * and depth-test enabled.
  *
  * @param entityId The entity to initialize the component for.
  * @param componentId The renderable component of the entity.
@@ -33,7 +77,7 @@ void entityRenderableInit(
 );
 
 /**
- * Disposes the entity renderable component, freeing any callback user data.
+ * Disposes the entity renderable component.
  *
  * @param entityId The entity to dispose the component for.
  * @param componentId The renderable component of the entity.
@@ -44,11 +88,40 @@ void entityRenderableDispose(
 );
 
 /**
- * Sets the draw callback for the entity's renderable component.
+ * Sets the rendering type for the renderable component. Resets type-specific
+ * data to zero.
+ *
+ * @param entityId The entity to configure.
+ * @param componentId The renderable component.
+ * @param type The rendering type to use.
+ */
+void entityRenderableSetType(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const componentid_t componentId,
+  const entityrenderabletype_t type
+);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the render priority. 0 = auto (derived from type/flags). Higher values
+ * render later (on top). Use non-zero to force ordering.
+ *
+ * @param entityId The entity to configure.
+ * @param componentId The renderable component.
+ * @param priority The priority value, or 0 for auto.
+ */
+void entityRenderableSetPriority(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const componentid_t componentId,
+  const int8_t priority
+);
+
+/**
+ * Sets the draw callback, switching the type to ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_CUSTOM.
  *
  * @param entityId The entity to configure.
  * @param componentId The renderable component of the entity.
  * @param draw The draw callback to assign.
+ * @param user Userdata passed to the callback.
  */
 void entityRenderableSetDraw(
   const entityid_t entityId,

src/dusk/scene/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 target_sources(${DUSK_LIBRARY_TARGET_NAME}
   PUBLIC
     scene.c
+    scenerenderpipeline.c
 )
 
 # Subdirectories

src/dusk/scene/overworld/overworldground.c

@@ -7,40 +7,21 @@
 
 #include "overworldground.h"
 #include "entity/entitymanager.h"
-#include "entity/component/display/entityrenderable.h"
 #include "entity/component/physics/entityphysics.h"
-#include "display/mesh/plane.h"
-#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
 
 #define OVERWORLD_GROUND_SIZE 20.0f
 
-static errorret_t overworldGroundDraw(
-  const entityid_t entityId,
-  const componentid_t componentId,
-  void *user
-) {
-  (void)entityId;
-  (void)componentId;
-  (void)user;
-  errorChain(shaderSetColor(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_COLOR, COLOR_MAGENTA));
-  errorChain(shaderSetTexture(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_TEXTURE, NULL));
-  return meshDraw(&PLANE_MESH_SIMPLE, 0, -1);
-}
-
 void overworldGroundAdd(overworldground_t *ground) {
   ground->entityId = entityManagerAdd();
   ground->posCompId = entityAddComponent(
     ground->entityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION
   );
-  componentid_t renderComp = entityAddComponent(
+  (void)entityAddComponent(ground->entityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE);
-    ground->entityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
-  );
 
   vec3 pos   = { -OVERWORLD_GROUND_SIZE, 0.0f, -OVERWORLD_GROUND_SIZE };
   vec3 scale = {  OVERWORLD_GROUND_SIZE * 2.0f, 1.0f, OVERWORLD_GROUND_SIZE * 2.0f };
   entityPositionSetLocalPosition(ground->entityId, ground->posCompId, pos);
   entityPositionSetLocalScale(ground->entityId, ground->posCompId, scale);
-  entityRenderableSetDraw(ground->entityId, renderComp, overworldGroundDraw, NULL);
 
   // Separate physics entity centered on the finite ground area.
   // The visual entity's position is its corner {-size, 0, -size}, not its

src/dusk/scene/overworld/overworldscene.c

@@ -11,9 +11,15 @@
 #include "overworldnpc.h"
 #include "console/console.h"
 #include "entity/entitymanager.h"
+#include "entity/component/display/entityrenderable.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderlist.h"
 #include "entity/component/overworld/entityinteractable.h"
 #include "entity/component/overworld/entityoverworldcamera.h"
+#include "display/mesh/cube.h"
+#include "display/mesh/plane.h"
+#include "display/displaystate.h"
 #include "scene/scene.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
 
 #define OVERWORLD (SCENE.data.overworld)
 
@@ -26,14 +32,72 @@ static void overworldSceneNpcInteract(
   consolePrint("NPC interacted with!");
 }
 
+void overworldSceneConfigureShaderMaterial(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const color_t color,
+  mesh_t *mesh
+) {
+  assertNotNull(mesh, "Mesh cannot be null");
+  componentid_t renderComp = entityGetComponent(
+    entityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+  );
+  entityRenderableSetType(entityId, renderComp, ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL);
+  entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
+    entityId, renderComp, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+  );
+  r->data.material.shaderType = SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT;
+  r->data.material.material.unlit.color = color;
+  r->data.material.material.unlit.texture = NULL;
+  r->data.material.state.flags = DISPLAY_STATE_FLAG_DEPTH_TEST;
+  r->data.material.meshes[0] = mesh;
+  r->data.material.meshOffsets[0] = 0;
+  r->data.material.meshCounts[0] = -1;
+  r->data.material.meshCount = 1;
+}
+
+void overworldSceneConfigureSprite(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const color_t color,
+  texture_t *texture
+) {
+  componentid_t renderComp = entityGetComponent(
+    entityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+  );
+  entityRenderableSetType(entityId, renderComp, ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SPRITEBATCH);
+  entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
+    entityId, renderComp, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+  );
+  r->data.spritebatch.texture = texture;
+  r->data.spritebatch.spriteCount = 1;
+
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].min[0] = -0.5f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].min[1] = -0.0f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].min[2] = -0.5f;
+
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].max[0] = 0.5f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].max[1] = 0.0f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].max[2] = 0.5f;
+
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].uvMin[0] = 0.0f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].uvMin[1] = 0.0f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].uvMax[0] = 1.0f;
+  r->data.spritebatch.sprites[0].uvMax[1] = 1.0f;
+}
+
 void overworldSceneInit(void) {
   consolePrint("Overworld scene initialized");
 
   overworldGroundAdd(&OVERWORLD.ground);
+  overworldSceneConfigureShaderMaterial(
+    OVERWORLD.ground.entityId, COLOR_MAGENTA, &PLANE_MESH_SIMPLE
+  );
+
   overworldPlayerAdd(&OVERWORLD.player);
+  overworldSceneConfigureSprite(OVERWORLD.player.entityId, COLOR_GREEN, NULL);
 
   vec3 npcPos = { 3.0f, 0.5f, 3.0f };
   overworldNpcAdd(&OVERWORLD.npc, npcPos);
+  overworldSceneConfigureSprite(OVERWORLD.npc.entityId, COLOR_BLUE, NULL);
 
   OVERWORLD.cameraEntityId = entityManagerAdd();
   (void)entityAddComponent(OVERWORLD.cameraEntityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION);
@@ -48,7 +112,7 @@ void overworldSceneInit(void) {
   entityoverworldcamera_t *camData = entityOverworldCameraGet(
     OVERWORLD.cameraEntityId, OVERWORLD.cameraOverworldCompId
   );
-  glm_vec3_copy((vec3){ 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f }, camData->targetOffset);
+  glm_vec3_zero(camData->targetOffset);
   glm_vec3_copy((vec3){ 0.0f, 0.0f, 5.0f }, camData->eyeOffset);
   camData->scale = 32.0f;
   entityInteractableSetCallback(

src/dusk/scene/overworld/overworldscene.h

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "error/error.h"
 #include "entity/entitybase.h"
+#include "display/color.h"
+#include "display/mesh/mesh.h"
+#include "display/texture/texture.h"
 #include "scene/overworld/overworldplayer.h"
 #include "scene/overworld/overworldground.h"
 #include "scene/overworld/overworldnpc.h"
@@ -20,6 +23,48 @@ typedef struct {
   overworldnpc_t npc;
 } overworldscene_t;
 
+/**
+ * Configures a SHADER_MATERIAL renderable on an entity with the unlit shader,
+ * depth testing enabled, no blending, and a single mesh.
+ *
+ * @param entityId The entity to configure.
+ * @param color    Unlit diffuse color.
+ * @param mesh     Mesh to render.
+ */
+void overworldSceneConfigureShaderMaterial(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const color_t color,
+  mesh_t *mesh
+);
+
+/**
+ * Configures a SPRITEBATCH renderable on an entity as a single 1x1 billboard
+ * sprite centered at the entity's origin.
+ *
+ * @param entityId The entity to configure.
+ * @param color    Per-vertex sprite tint color.
+ * @param texture  Texture to use, or NULL for untextured.
+ */
+void overworldSceneConfigureSprite(
+  const entityid_t entityId,
+  const color_t color,
+  texture_t *texture
+);
+
+/**
+ * Initializes the overworld scene, spawning all entities and configuring
+ * the camera, player, ground, and NPC.
+ */
 void overworldSceneInit(void);
+
+/**
+ * Updates the overworld scene each frame.
+ *
+ * @return Error state.
+ */
 errorret_t overworldSceneUpdate(void);
+
+/**
+ * Disposes the overworld scene, invalidating all entity and component IDs.
+ */
 void overworldSceneDispose(void);

src/dusk/scene/scene.c

@@ -10,13 +10,12 @@
 #include "time/time.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "entity/entitymanager.h"
-#include "entity/component/display/entityrenderable.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
-#include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
+#include "display/display.h"
-#include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "console/console.h"
 #include "util/string.h"
 #include "ui/ui.h"
+#include "scene/scenerenderpipeline.h"
 
 scenefuncs_t SCENE_FUNCTIONS[SCENE_TYPE_COUNT] = {
   { 0 },
@@ -69,63 +68,13 @@ errorret_t sceneUpdate(void) {
 }
 
 errorret_t sceneRender(void) {
-  mat4 proj, view, model, ident;
+  mat4 proj, view, ident;
   glm_mat4_identity(ident);
 
-  errorChain(shaderBind(&SHADER_UNLIT));
+  errorChain(sceneRenderPipeline(entityCameraGetCurrent()));
-
-  // Render scene.
-  entityid_t camera = entityCameraGetCurrent();
-  entityid_t entities[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];
-  componentid_t components[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];
-  entityid_t entCount = componentGetEntitiesWithComponent(
-    COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE,
-    entities, components
-  );
-
-  // Anything to render?
-  if(camera != ENTITY_ID_INVALID && entCount > 0) {
-    componentid_t camPos = entityGetComponent(camera,COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION);
-    componentid_t camCam = entityGetComponent(camera,COMPONENT_TYPE_CAMERA);
-
-    // View
-    if(camPos == COMPONENT_ID_INVALID) {
-      errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_VIEW, ident));
-    } else {
-      entityPositionGetTransform(camera, camPos, view);
-      errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_VIEW, view));
-    }
-
-    // Projection
-    assertTrue(
-      camCam != COMPONENT_ID_INVALID,
-      "Current camera does not have a camera component?"
-    );
-    entityCameraGetProjection(camera, camCam, proj);
-    errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_PROJECTION, proj));
-
-    // For each ent.
-    for(entityid_t i = 0; i < entCount; i++) {
-      entityid_t entityId = entities[i];
-      componentid_t renderableComp = components[i];
-
-      // Has position?
-      componentid_t posComp = entityGetComponent(
-        entityId, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION
-      );
-      if(posComp == COMPONENT_ID_INVALID) {
-        errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, ident));
-      } else {
-        entityPositionGetTransform(entityId, posComp, model);
-        errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, model));
-      }
-
-      // Render.
-      errorChain(entityRenderableDraw(entityId, renderableComp));
-    }
-  }
 
   // UI Rendering
+  errorChain(shaderBind(&SHADER_UNLIT));
   errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, ident));
 
   glm_ortho(

src/dusk/scene/scenerenderpipeline.c

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#include "scenerenderpipeline.h"
+#include "entity/entitymanager.h"
+#include "entity/component/display/entityposition.h"
+#include "entity/component/display/entitycamera.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderlist.h"
+#include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
+#include "display/displaystate.h"
+#include "assert/assert.h"
+
+int8_t sceneRenderPipelineGetPriority(const entityrenderable_t *r) {
+  assertNotNull(r, "Renderable cannot be null");
+  if(r->priority != 0) return r->priority;
+  switch(r->type) {
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL:
+      return (r->data.material.state.flags & DISPLAY_STATE_FLAG_BLEND)
+        ? (int8_t)10 : (int8_t)-10;
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SPRITEBATCH:
+      return (int8_t)100;
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_CUSTOM:
+    default:
+      return (int8_t)0;
+  }
+}
+
+int_t sceneRenderPipelineCompare(const void *a, const void *b) {
+  assertNotNull(a, "Entry a cannot be null");
+  assertNotNull(b, "Entry b cannot be null");
+  const scenerenderpipelineentry_t *ea = (const scenerenderpipelineentry_t *)a;
+  const scenerenderpipelineentry_t *eb = (const scenerenderpipelineentry_t *)b;
+  return (int_t)ea->effectivePriority - (int_t)eb->effectivePriority;
+}
+
+shader_t *sceneRenderPipelineGetShader(const entityrenderable_t *r) {
+  assertNotNull(r, "Renderable cannot be null");
+  switch(r->type) {
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SPRITEBATCH:
+      return SHADER_LIST_DEFS[SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT].shader;
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_SHADER_MATERIAL:
+      return SHADER_LIST_DEFS[r->data.material.shaderType].shader;
+    case ENTITY_RENDERABLE_TYPE_CUSTOM:
+    default:
+      return SHADER_LIST_DEFS[SHADER_LIST_SHADER_UNLIT].shader;
+  }
+}
+
+errorret_t sceneRenderPipeline(const entityid_t cameraId) {
+  mat4 proj, view, model, ident;
+  glm_mat4_identity(ident);
+
+  entityid_t entities[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];
+  componentid_t components[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];
+  entityid_t entCount = componentGetEntitiesWithComponent(
+    COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE, entities, components
+  );
+
+  if(cameraId == ENTITY_ID_INVALID || entCount == 0) errorOk();
+
+  scenerenderpipelineentry_t pipeline[ENTITY_COUNT_MAX];
+  for(entityid_t i = 0; i < entCount; i++) {
+    entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(
+      entities[i], components[i], COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE
+    );
+    pipeline[i].entityId = entities[i];
+    pipeline[i].componentId = components[i];
+    pipeline[i].effectivePriority = sceneRenderPipelineGetPriority(r);
+  }
+  sort(pipeline, (size_t)entCount, sizeof(scenerenderpipelineentry_t), sceneRenderPipelineCompare);
+
+  componentid_t camPos = entityGetComponent(cameraId, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION);
+  componentid_t camCam = entityGetComponent(cameraId, COMPONENT_TYPE_CAMERA);
+  assertTrue(
+    camCam != COMPONENT_ID_INVALID,
+    "Current camera does not have a camera component?"
+  );
+
+  if(camPos == COMPONENT_ID_INVALID) {
+    glm_mat4_copy(ident, view);
+  } else {
+    entityPositionGetTransform(cameraId, camPos, view);
+  }
+  entityCameraGetProjection(cameraId, camCam, proj);
+
+  for(shaderlistshader_t si = SHADER_LIST_SHADER_NULL + 1; si < SHADER_LIST_SHADER_COUNT; si++) {
+    shader_t *s = SHADER_LIST_DEFS[si].shader;
+    assertNotNull(s, "Shader in list cannot be null");
+    errorChain(shaderBind(s));
+    errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(s, SHADER_UNLIT_VIEW, view));
+    errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(s, SHADER_UNLIT_PROJECTION, proj));
+  }
+
+  for(entityid_t i = 0; i < entCount; i++) {
+    entityid_t eid = pipeline[i].entityId;
+    componentid_t cid = pipeline[i].componentId;
+
+    entityrenderable_t *r = componentGetData(eid, cid, COMPONENT_TYPE_RENDERABLE);
+    shader_t *s = sceneRenderPipelineGetShader(r);
+
+    componentid_t posComp = entityGetComponent(eid, COMPONENT_TYPE_POSITION);
+    if(posComp == COMPONENT_ID_INVALID) {
+      errorChain(shaderBind(s));
+      errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(s, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, ident));
+    } else {
+      entityPositionGetTransform(eid, posComp, model);
+      errorChain(shaderBind(s));
+      errorChain(shaderSetMatrix(s, SHADER_UNLIT_MODEL, model));
+    }
+
+    errorChain(entityRenderableDraw(eid, cid));
+  }
+
+  errorChain(displaySetState((displaystate_t){ .flags = 0 }));
+  errorOk();
+}

src/dusk/scene/scenerenderpipeline.h

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Dominic Masters
+ *
+ * This software is released under the MIT License.
+ * https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+#include "entity/entitybase.h"
+#include "entity/component/display/entityrenderable.h"
+#include "display/shader/shader.h"
+#include "util/sort.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  entityid_t entityId;
+  componentid_t componentId;
+  int8_t effectivePriority;
+} scenerenderpipelineentry_t;
+
+/**
+ * Returns the effective render priority for a renderable. When the renderable's
+ * explicit priority is non-zero that value is returned directly; otherwise an
+ * automatic value is derived from the renderable type and display state flags.
+ *
+ * @param r The renderable component data.
+ * @return Effective priority: lower renders first, higher renders last.
+ */
+int8_t sceneRenderPipelineGetPriority(const entityrenderable_t *r);
+
+/**
+ * sortcompare_t comparator for scenerenderpipelineentry_t. Compares by
+ * effectivePriority ascending so lower-priority entries sort first.
+ *
+ * @param a Pointer to the first scenerenderpipelineentry_t.
+ * @param b Pointer to the second scenerenderpipelineentry_t.
+ * @return Negative, zero, or positive.
+ */
+int_t sceneRenderPipelineCompare(const void *a, const void *b);
+
+/**
+ * Returns the shader that will be used to render the given renderable.
+ * SPRITEBATCH and CUSTOM default to SHADER_UNLIT; SHADER_MATERIAL uses the
+ * shader indexed by the material's shaderType field in SHADER_LIST_DEFS.
+ *
+ * @param r The renderable component data.
+ * @return Pointer to the shader, never NULL.
+ */
+shader_t *sceneRenderPipelineGetShader(const entityrenderable_t *r);
+
+/**
+ * Renders all entities with renderable components in priority order.
+ * Lower effective priority renders first (behind); higher renders last (on top).
+ * When priority is 0 the effective value is derived from the renderable's type
+ * and flags; otherwise the explicit priority is used directly.
+ *
+ * @param cameraId The entity ID of the active camera, or ENTITY_ID_INVALID.
+ * @return Error state.
+ */
+errorret_t sceneRenderPipeline(const entityid_t cameraId);

src/dusk/ui/uiframe.c

@@ -26,97 +26,126 @@ errorret_t uiFrameDraw(
   assertNotNull(frame, "frame must not be NULL");
   assertNotNull(frame->texture, "frame texture must not be NULL");
 
-  errorChain(shaderSetTexture(
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
-    &SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_TEXTURE, frame->texture
+    .unlit = {
-  ));
+      .color = COLOR_WHITE,
-
+      .texture = frame->texture
+    }
+  };
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprites[9];
   float_t tileW = (float_t)frame->tileset.tileWidth;
   float_t tileH = (float_t)frame->tileset.tileHeight;
-
   vec4 uv;
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 0, 0, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[0].min[0] = x;
-    x, y, x + tileW, y + tileH,
+  sprites[0].min[1] = y;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[0].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[0].max[0] = x + tileW;
-    #endif
+  sprites[0].max[1] = y + tileH;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[0].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[0].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[0].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[0].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[0].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 1, 0, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[1].min[0] = x + tileW;
-    x + tileW, y, x + width - tileW, y + tileH,
+  sprites[1].min[1] = y;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[1].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[1].max[0] = x + width - tileW;
-    #endif
+  sprites[1].max[1] = y + tileH;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[1].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[1].uvMin[0] = uv[0]; 
+  sprites[1].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[1].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[1].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 2, 0, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[2].min[0] = x + width - tileW;
-    x + width - tileW, y, x + width, y + tileH,
+  sprites[2].min[1] = y;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[2].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[2].max[0] = x + width;
-    #endif
+  sprites[2].max[1] = y + tileH;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[2].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[2].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[2].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[2].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[2].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 0, 1, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[3].min[0] = x;
-    x, y + tileH, x + tileW, y + height - tileH,
+  sprites[3].min[1] = y + tileH;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[3].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[3].max[0] = x + tileW;
-    #endif
+  sprites[3].max[1] = y + height - tileH;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[3].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[3].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[3].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[3].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[3].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 1, 1, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[4].min[0] = x + tileW;
-    x + tileW, y + tileH, x + width - tileW, y + height - tileH,
+  sprites[4].min[1] = y + tileH;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[4].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[4].max[0] = x + width - tileW;
-    #endif
+  sprites[4].max[1] = y + height - tileH;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[4].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[4].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[4].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[4].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[4].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 2, 1, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[5].min[0] = x + width - tileW;
-    x + width - tileW, y + tileH, x + width, y + height - tileH,
+  sprites[5].min[1] = y + tileH;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[5].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[5].max[0] = x + width;
-    #endif
+  sprites[5].max[1] = y + height - tileH;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[5].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[5].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[5].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[5].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[5].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 0, 2, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[6].min[0] = x;
-    x, y + height - tileH, x + tileW, y + height,
+  sprites[6].min[1] = y + height - tileH;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[6].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[6].max[0] = x + tileW;
-    #endif
+  sprites[6].max[1] = y + height;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[6].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[6].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[6].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[6].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[6].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 1, 2, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[7].min[0] = x + tileW;
-    x + tileW, y + height - tileH, x + width - tileW, y + height,
+  sprites[7].min[1] = y + height - tileH;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[7].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[7].max[0] = x + width - tileW;
-    #endif
+  sprites[7].max[1] = y + height;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[7].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[7].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[7].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[7].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[7].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
   tilesetPositionGetUV(&frame->tileset, 2, 2, uv);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  sprites[8].min[0] = x + width - tileW;
-    x + width - tileW, y + height - tileH, x + width, y + height,
+  sprites[8].min[1] = y + height - tileH;
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+  sprites[8].min[2] = 0.0f;
-      COLOR_WHITE,
+  sprites[8].max[0] = x + width;
-    #endif
+  sprites[8].max[1] = y + height;
-    uv[0], uv[1], uv[2], uv[3]
+  sprites[8].max[2] = 0.0f;
-  ));
+  sprites[8].uvMin[0] = uv[0];
+  sprites[8].uvMin[1] = uv[1];
+  sprites[8].uvMax[0] = uv[2];
+  sprites[8].uvMax[1] = uv[3];
 
-  errorOk();
+  return spriteBatchBuffer(sprites, 9, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
 }
 
 void uiFrameDispose(uiframe_t *frame) {

src/dusk/ui/uifullbox.c

@@ -58,16 +58,14 @@ errorret_t uiFullboxDraw(uifullbox_t *fullbox) {
     errorChain(shaderSetColor(&SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_COLOR, color));
   #endif
 
-  errorChain(spriteBatchPush(
+  spritebatchsprite_t sprite;
-    0.0f, 0.0f,
+  shadermaterial_t material = {
-    (float_t)SCREEN.width, (float_t)SCREEN.height,
+    .unlit = {
-    #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+      .color = color,
-      color,
+      .texture = &TEXTURE_WHITE
-    #endif
+    }
-    0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f
+  };
-  ));
+  return spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, material);
-  errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
-  errorOk();
 }
 
 void uiFullboxTransition(

src/dusk/ui/uitextbox.c

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "event/event.h"
 #include "display/screen/screen.h"
 #include "display/texture/texture.h"
+#include "display/text/text.h"
 #include "display/spritebatch/spritebatch.h"
 #include "display/shader/shaderunlit.h"
 
@@ -216,15 +217,12 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(void) {
   ));
   errorChain(spriteBatchFlush());
 
-  errorChain(shaderSetTexture(
+  shadermaterial_t textMaterial = {
-    &SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_TEXTURE, UI_TEXTBOX.font->texture
+    .unlit = {
-  ));
+      .color = UI_TEXTBOX.textColor,
-  #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
+      .texture = UI_TEXTBOX.font->texture
-  #else
+    }
-    errorChain(shaderSetColor(
+  };
-      &SHADER_UNLIT, SHADER_UNLIT_COLOR, UI_TEXTBOX.textColor
-    ));
-  #endif
 
   float_t frameTileW = (float_t)UI_TEXTBOX.frame.tileset.tileWidth;
   float_t frameTileH = (float_t)UI_TEXTBOX.frame.tileset.tileHeight;
@@ -242,21 +240,17 @@ errorret_t uiTextboxDraw(void) {
   for(int32_t li = pageFirst; li < pageLast && charsLeft > 0; li++) {
     uitextboxline_t *line = &UI_TEXTBOX.lines[li];
     int32_t visible = line->count < charsLeft ? line->count : charsLeft;
-    float_t lineY = contentY;
+    float_t lineY = contentY + (float_t)(li - pageFirst) * (fontH + UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING);
-    lineY += (float_t)(li - pageFirst) * (fontH + UI_TEXTBOX_LINE_SPACING);
 
     for(int32_t ci = 0; ci < visible; ci++) {
       char_t c = UI_TEXTBOX.text[line->start + ci];
       if(c == ' ') continue;
-      errorChain(textDrawChar(
+      spritebatchsprite_t sprite = textGetSprite(
-        contentX + (float_t)ci * fontW,
+        (vec2){ contentX + (float_t)ci * fontW, lineY },
-        lineY,
         c,
-        #if MESH_ENABLE_COLOR
-          UI_TEXTBOX.textColor,
-        #endif
         UI_TEXTBOX.font
-      ));
+      );
+      errorChain(spriteBatchBuffer(&sprite, 1, &SHADER_UNLIT, textMaterial));
     }
 
     charsLeft -= visible;